Objective:This study is aimed to develop student simulated patient(SSP)training content and evaluation indicators,and further explores their validity and ***:Delphi consultations with 20 nursing exper ts were *** weig...
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Objective:This study is aimed to develop student simulated patient(SSP)training content and evaluation indicators,and further explores their validity and ***:Delphi consultations with 20 nursing exper ts were *** weights of indicators were calculated through the analytic hierarchy *** training was conducted with a high-fidelity nursing ***:The expert positive coefficients were 0.952 in the first round consultation and 1.00 in the second round *** expert authority coefficient was reported as *** training included role and responsibility of simulated patient(SP),script interpretation,plot performance,and training for a rater,with a total of 17 *** evaluation consisted of disease knowledge,role portrayal,and performance fidelity and since being a rater,it consists of 20 indicators in *** coordination coefficients of two rounds of consultation ranged from 0.530 to *** content validity of SSP evaluation indicators was *** inter-rater reliability was repor ted as 0.866,and the internal consistency established using Cronbach’sαwas ***:Students as SPs should have first-hand knowledge and experience within the simulated *** training content and evaluation indicators were determined through the Delphi consensus combined with analytic hierarchy *** evaluation indicators were valid and reliable,and provided the objective and quantifiable measurements for SSP training in nursing。
Objective:To evaluate nursing students’assessment and communication skills through an objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)within a high-fidelity simulation using a student-simulated patient(SSP)and analyze...
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Objective:To evaluate nursing students’assessment and communication skills through an objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)within a high-fidelity simulation using a student-simulated patient(SSP)and analyze the validity,reliability,degree of difficulty,and discriminability of the ***:A descriptive study was conducted at one nursing school in *** scenarios were designed using a high-fidelity simulator combined with SSPs.A convenience sample of 54 baccalaureate nursing students completed the *** nursing assessment OSCE checklist(NAOC)and the communication evaluation rubric(CER)were used as observational measurements with three-point Likert scales(2=Achieved,1=Partly achieved,0=Not completed/Incorrect).Results:Difficulty coefficients of the exam were 0.63 for nursing assessment skills and 0.56 for communication *** discrimination index of the majority items of the NAOC(86.4%)was>0.20,showing a better to good *** items of the CER had satisfactory indexes of item discrimination(from 0.38 to 0.84).Students received high scores in conducting blood oxygen saturation and cardiac and lung auscultation but low scores in vomiting and diarrhea *** presented good communication skills in eye contacting and listening,but culture assessment needs to be *** students with experiences in simulation or simulated patient(SP)interactions had better assessment and communication skills than students without those *** was a positive relationship between nursing assessment and communication skills(r=0.67,P=0.000).Conclusions:SSPs were involved in enhancing the realism of interactions in simulated *** students can conduct nursing assessments specific to patient conditions,explain the conditions to the patient,and ensure that the patient remains informed at all times of the precautions to be ***,students’cultural awareness and some communication skills need further ***
Cyber security is dynamic as defenders often need to adapt their defense postures. The state-ofthe-art is that the adaptation of network defense is done manually(i.e., tedious and error-prone). The ideal solution is t...
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Cyber security is dynamic as defenders often need to adapt their defense postures. The state-ofthe-art is that the adaptation of network defense is done manually(i.e., tedious and error-prone). The ideal solution is to automate adaptive network defense, which is however a difficult problem. As a first step towards automation, we propose investigating how to attain semi-automated adaptive network defense(SAND). We propose an approach extending the architecture of software-defined networking, which is centered on providing defenders with the capability to program the generation and deployment of dynamic defense rules enforced by network defense tools. We present the design and implementation of SAND, as well as the evaluation of the prototype implementation. Experimental results show that SAND can achieve agile and effective dynamic adaptations of defense rules(less than 15 ms on average for each operation), while only incurring a small performance overhead.
Silicon monoxide(SiO)has aroused increased attention as one of the most promising anodes for high-energy density Li-ion *** enhance the initial Coulombic efficiencies(ICE)and cycle stability of SiO-based anodes,a new ...
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Silicon monoxide(SiO)has aroused increased attention as one of the most promising anodes for high-energy density Li-ion *** enhance the initial Coulombic efficiencies(ICE)and cycle stability of SiO-based anodes,a new facile composition and electrode design strategy have been adapted to fabricate a SiO-Sn-Co/graphite(G)*** achieves a unique structure where tiny milled SiO-Sn-Co particles are dispersed among two graphite *** this hybrid electrode,Sn-Co alloys promoted Li;extraction kinetics,and the holistic reversibility of SiO and graphite enhanced the electrical *** SiO-Sn-Co/G electrode delivered an average ICE of 77.6%and a reversible capacity of 640 mAh g^(-1)at 800 mA g^(-1),and the capacity retention was above 98%after 100 cycles,which was much higher than that of the SiO with an ICE of 55.3%and a capacity retention of 50%.These results indicated that this was reliable method to improve the reversibility and cycle ability of the SiO ***,based on its easy and feasible fabrication process,it may provide a suitable choice to combine other alloy anodes with the graphite anode.
A good cycling stability is a prerequisite for the application of metal-based materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). However, an abnormal increase in capacity is often observed, which has rarely been focused on in ...
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A good cycling stability is a prerequisite for the application of metal-based materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). However, an abnormal increase in capacity is often observed, which has rarely been focused on in many studies. In our SnSe-Mo-C composite anode, a high reversible capacity of 737.4 mAh g^(-1)remained after 5000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1)between 0.01 and 3.0 V versus Li/Li+. However, a continuous capacity increase occurred in the initial cycles, with 1086.9 mAh g^(-1)after 1000 cycles and 1216.9 mAh g^(-1)after 1500 cycles, respectively. Further studies revealed that the electrolyte decomposed at high potentials(2.5–3.0 V) and provided additional capacities. The cut-off voltage and electrolyte filling were controlled, which eliminated the impact of electrolyte decomposition, prevented rapid capacity decay, and provided a stable cycling performance for SnSe-Mo-C anodes in LIBs. This work shows that the composite anode is promising for lithium storage and the findings provide new insights into understanding and controlling the phenomenon of capacity increase with cycling in metal-based anode materials.
We calculate the neutrino mass induced at one loop in the cascade seesaw *** ratio between the two neutrino masses,which are respectively generated from an operator of mass dimension(3+4n)occurring at one loop and an ...
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We calculate the neutrino mass induced at one loop in the cascade seesaw *** ratio between the two neutrino masses,which are respectively generated from an operator of mass dimension(3+4n)occurring at one loop and an operator of dimension(5+4n)at tree level,is also *** studies show that a relatively low new physics scale could accommodate the tiny neutrino mass of desired order without demanding small *** also find that the ratio will reach order one when the new physics scale is higher than several TeV and n is *** this case,the contribution to neutrino mass from higher order quantum effects becomes important and cannot be ignored.
Cirrhosis causes a heavy global *** this review,we summarized up-todate epidemiological features of cirrhosis and its *** epidemiological studies reported an increase in the prevalence of cirrhosis in 2017 compared to...
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Cirrhosis causes a heavy global *** this review,we summarized up-todate epidemiological features of cirrhosis and its *** epidemiological studies reported an increase in the prevalence of cirrhosis in 2017 compared to in 1990 in both men and women,with 5.2 million cases of cirrhosis and chronic liver disease occurring in *** caused 1.48 million deaths in 2019,an increase of 8.1%compared to ***-adjusted life-years due to cirrhosis ranked 16th among all diseases and 7th in people aged 50-74 years in *** global burden of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis is decreasing,while the burden of cirrhosis due to alcohol and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is increasing *** described the current epidemiology of the major complications of cirrhosis,including ascites,variceal bleeding,hepatic encephalopathy,renal disorders,and *** also summarized the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with *** the future,NAFLD-related cirrhosis will likely become more common due to the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes,and the prevalence of alcohol-induced cirrhosis is *** altered epidemiology should be clinically noted,and relevant interventions should be undertaken.
The wall surface of material is prone to silt abrasion by high-velocity sediment-laden flow. The silt abrasion is different form cavitation erosion. In this article, the characteristics of silt abrasion were discussed...
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The wall surface of material is prone to silt abrasion by high-velocity sediment-laden flow. The silt abrasion is different form cavitation erosion. In this article, the characteristics of silt abrasion were discussed, The mechanism of silt abrasion was analyzed and the formation and development of ripple shape on wall surface of material were explained thereafter. Based on turbulence theory and test data, some formulas were derived for predicting the abrasion rate of concrete wall surface in high-velocity sediment-laden flow. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data.
Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is the most promising technology in e-health *** efficiency stands out as the paramount issue for *** this paper,an energy efficient MAC protocol named Quasi-Sleep-Preempt-Supported(QS...
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Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is the most promising technology in e-health *** efficiency stands out as the paramount issue for *** this paper,an energy efficient MAC protocol named Quasi-Sleep-Preempt-Supported(QSPS) is *** protocol is mainly TDMA-based:nodes transmit packets in the allocated slots,while entering the Q-Sleep mode in other ***,for a node with emergency packet,it can broadcast a special designed Awakening Message to wake up the whole network and preempts the right to use the current slot to transmit that emergency packet,thus decreasing *** with relevant protocols,QS-PS can achieve high energy efficiency and decrease the delay of both normal packets and emergency packets.
We disclosed the interiorly driven macroscopic Brownian motion behavior of self-powered liquid metal motors. Such tiny motors in millimeter scale move randomly at a velocity magnitude of centimeters per second in aque...
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We disclosed the interiorly driven macroscopic Brownian motion behavior of self-powered liquid metal motors. Such tiny motors in millimeter scale move randomly at a velocity magnitude of centimeters per second in aqueous alkaline solution, well resembling the classical Brownian motion. However, unlike the existing phenomena, where the particle motions were caused by collisions from the surrounding molecules, the current random liquid metal motions are internally enabled and self-powered, along with the colliding among neighboring motors, the substrate and the surrounding electrolyte molecules. Through uniformly dissolving only 1% (mass percentage) A1 into GaInl0, many tiny motors can be quickly fabricated and activated to take the Brownian-like random motions. Further, we introduced an experimental approach of using optical image contrast, which works just like the Wilson cloud chamber, to distinctively indicate the motor trajectory resulted from the generated hydrogen gas stream. A series of unusual complicated multi-phase fluid mechanics phenomena were observed. It was also identified that the main driving factor of the motors comes from the H2 bubbles generated at the bottom of these tiny motors, which is different from the large size self-fueled liquid metal machine. Several typical mechanisms for such unconventional Brownian-like motion phenomena were preliminarily interpreted.
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