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Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： William j.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

Development of a six drillhead roof bolting machine

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 37-41页

作者： Kyslinger bill A. j.H.Fletcher&Co. HuntingtonWV25722USA

In underground mining, machine design is predominantly dictated by mine conditions and individual customer desires. In partnership with Foresight Energy, j. H. Fletcher & Company was tasked to design and manufacture a new roof bolting machine with six independent drilling apparatus on board capable of drilling and bolting the roof and ribs with material handling. The objective was to produce a machine capable of drilling and installing six bolts simultaneously with a limited number of operators. The goal of the mine is to decrease the time to bolt a cut to improve the safety level of the current roof bolting method, improve efficiency and to improve the bottom line cost of entry development. The customer wanted four drills at the front of the machine dedicated to installing roof bolts and then another two drills behind them dedicated to rib bolts. This dictated the requirement of latched controls, which would allow the operator to start drilling one hole and then latch the controls to be able to move on to the *** result of the design is a machine with a single platform and six independent masts with drillheads:four masts strictly for drilling and installing roof bolts on the front of the platform and two masts on the back of the platform for rib bolts. The controls at each operator's station include a latch control for drilling. The six-head roof bolter allows fewer operators to drill and install roof and rib bolts, which in turn lowers the miners' roof exposure per cut. This design reduces the operator's exposure from the inherent pinch points and rotary hazards once he has engaged the latch drilling. Therefore, the machine will help to decrease the time to bolt a cut, improving productivity while enhancing the ability to operate the machine safely.

关键词： Roof bolter MiningSix-head FletcherLatched Material handling

Role of aminopeptidase N-like in the acquisition of begomoviruses by Bemisia tabaci,the whitefly vector

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 707-719页

作者： Yun-Yun Fan Yao Chi Na Chen Wilmer j.Cuellar Xiao-Wei Wang Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Tianmushan National Nature Reserve Administration HangzhouChina Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina Virology Laboratory Cassava ProgramInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT)PalmiraColombia

Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus(SLCMV)is a prominent causative agent of cassava mosaic disease in Asia and relies on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex for its ***,the molecular mechanisms involved in SLCMV transmission by *** have yet to be *** this study,we identified an aminopeptidase N-like protein(BtAPN)in *** Asia II 1,an efficient vector of SLCMV,which is involved in the SLCMV transmission *** the use of glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS analysis,we demonstrated the interaction between BtAPN and the coat protein(CP)of *** interaction was further confirmed in vitro,and we observed an induction of BtAPN gene expression following SLCMV *** interfering with the function of BtAPN,the quantities of SLCMV were significantly reduced in various parts of *** Asia II 1,including the whole body,midgut,hemolymph,and primary salivary ***,we discovered that BtAPN is conserved in *** Middle East-Asia Minor 1(MEAM1)and interacts with the CP of tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV),a begomovirus known to cause severe damage to tomato *** BtAPN with antibody led to a significant reduction in the quantities of TYLCV in whitefly whole body and organs/*** results demonstrate that BtAPN plays a generic role in interacting with the CP of begomoviruses and positively regulates their acquisition by the whitefly.

关键词： BtAPN coat protein SLCMV TYLCV virus acquisition whitefly

Explaining variation in productivity requires intraspecific variability in plant height among communities

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journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第2期15卷 310-319页

作者： Li Zhang Xiang Liu Shurong Zhou bill Shipley College of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036 China 2State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-EcosystemInstitute of Innovation EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 China 3Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of ForestryHainan UniversityHaikou 570228 China 4Département de BiologieUniversitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQC J1K 2R1Canada

While recent studies have shown the importance of intraspecific trait variation in the processes of community assembly,we still know little about the contributions of intraspecific trait variability to ecosystem ***,we conducted a functional group removal experiment in an alpine meadow in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over 4 years to investigate the relative importance of inter-and intraspecific variability in plant height for *** split total variability in plant height within each of 75 manipulated communities into interspecific variability(TV_(inter))and intraspecific variability within a community(ITV_(within)).Community-weighted mean height among communities was decomposed into fixed community-weighted mean(CWM_(fixed))and intraspecific variability among communities(ITV_(among)).We constructed a series of generalized additive mixed models and piecewise structural equation modeling to determine how trait variability(***_(inter),ITV_(within),CWM_(fixed) and ITV_(among))indirectly mediated the changes in productivity in response to functional group *** productivity was not only affected directly by treatment manipulations,but also increased with both inter-and intraspecific variability(***_(fixed) and ITV_(among))in plant height *** suggests that both the‘selection effect’and a‘shade-avoidance syndrome’can incur higher CWM_(fixed) and ITV_(among),and may simultaneously operate to regulate *** findings provide new evidence that,besides interspecific variability,intraspecific trait variability in plant height also plays a role in maintaining net primary productivity.

关键词： aboveground net primary productivity alpine meadow interspecific trait variability intraspecific trait variability plant height

Dimensional Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Mood Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders

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International journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第12期4卷 571-576页

作者： bill j. Duke Dennis Staton Child Psychopharmacology Institute Fargo USA Child Psychopharmacology Institute Fargo USA Lakeland Mental Health Center Moorhead USA

Objective: We sought to identify clinical discriminators between predominantly mood disordered and predominantly autism spectrum disordered research subjects that may reflect phenotypic state and treatment response characteristics. Method: Participants were 26 boys and 4 girls aged 2 to 18 years (Mean Age = 7.70). Subjects with DSM-IV diagnoses of Major depression (N = 2), Bipolar Disorder (N = 4) and Mood Disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) (N = 11) represented the mood disorder group (MD) (N = 17, Mean Age = 8.2) and those with diagnoses of Autistic Disorder (N = 1), Asperger’s Disorder (7) or Pervasive Developmental Disorder (NOS) (N = 3) comprised the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) group (N = 9, Mean Age = 6.8). Primary outcome measurements were continuous actigraphic measurements collected over one to three week periods. Secondary outcomes included personality and observational measurements. Personality characteristics reflected significant cross-group impairments related to self-control and self-discipline and differed relative to intellectual measures. Observational measurements reflected greater general impairments among the ASD group. Results: Predominantly mood disordered children demonstrated greater impairments related to sleep (P = 0.000) and sleep onset latency (P = 0.000) and were more active than ASD children during evening periods (P = 0.000). ASD children had lower verbal functioning and greater deviations from the norm on measures of cognitive development (P = 0.003) and psychosis (P = 0.047). Conclusions: Sleep disturbances, evening activity levels and phase delayed sleep appear to differentiate predominant mood and autism spectrum disordered children suggesting future areas for further exploration of neurological and phenotypic treatment response characteristics.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorders Mood Disorders Children Actigraphy Sleep

Oscar Pistorius＇ Olympic Dream

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2012年第5期 37-38,48页

作者： bill Dwyre

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朗文国际英语教程视听教程

REFLECTIVITY AND THIN FILM MEASUREMENTS ON INTEGRATED CIRCUIT WAFERS USING ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY

2012年

作者： bill Bliss[编] Steven j. Molinsky

本书真实场景，真人拍摄，为学生提供最贴近生活的视频内容，让学生进入视听读结合的全方位英语学习氛围。单元后提供视频脚本，方便学生检查自己的理解情况。

ISBN: (数字)9787544623612

ISBN: (纸本)9787544623612

关键词：英语课听力中小学教学参考资料

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REFLECTIVITY AND THIN FILM MEASUREMENTS ON INTEGRATED CIRCUI...

IPM Strategies and Their Dilemmas Including an Introduction to www. ***

The Third International Conference on Solid State and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Warren Lin Vincent j.Coates bill Turnquist Nanometrics Incorporated 310 De Guigne Drive Sunnyvale California 94086-3906 Nanometrics Incorporated 310 De Guigne Drive Sunnyvale California 94086-3906 Nanometrics Incorporated 310 De Guigne Drive Sunnyvale California 94086-3906

＜正＞ An ultraviolet-visible microspectrophotomster,the NanoSpec?AFT with a measuring spot size less than 10 microns,can make accurate measurements of SiO2 on polysiiicon,and thin SiO2 on Aluminum.A unique absolute reflectivity measurement also provides information regarding the anti-reflection function when Titanium Nitride （TiN） is *** materials are presented for comparison in the both UV and visible range.

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 265-281页

作者： Lise Nistrup jφrgensen Mogens Stφvring Hovmφller jens Grφnbk Hansen Poul Lassen bill Clark Rosemary Bayles Bernd Rodemann Kerstin Flath Margot jahn Tomas Goral jerzy Czembor j Philip Cheyron Claude Maumene Claude De Pope Rita Ban Ghita Cordsen Nielsen Gunilla Berg Depar tment of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityFlakkebjergFors?gsvej 1Slagelse 4200Denmark Aarhus University FoulumBlichers Allé 20Tjele 8830Denmark NIAB/TAG Huntingdon RoadCambridge CB3 0LEUnited Kingdom julius Kuehn Institute Messerweg 11Braunsweig 38104Germany julius Kuehn Institute Stahndorfer Damm 81Kleinmachnow14532Germany Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute IHAR-PIB RadzikowBlonie 05-870Poland Arvalis du Vegetal Boigneville 91720France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Thiverval Grinon 78850France Szent István University Pater K.Street 1Godollo 2100Hungary Knowledge Centre for Agriculture SkejbyAarhus N 8200Denmark Swedish Board of Agriculture Plant Protection CentreAlnarp 23053Sweden

Information about disease management in winter wheat （Triticum aestiva） in eight European countries was collated and analysed by scientists and extension workers within the European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies （ENDURE）. This included information about specific disease thresholds, decision support systems, host varieties, disease prevalence and pathogen virulence. Major differences in disease prevalence and economic importance were observed. Septoria tritici blotch （Mycosphaerella graminicola） was recognized as the most yield reducing disease in countries with intensive wheat production, but also rust diseases （Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina）, powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） and Fusarium head blight （Fusarium spp.） were seen as serious disease problems. Examples of current integrated pest management （IPM） strategies in different countries have been reported. Disease management and fungicide use patterns showed major differences, with an average input equivalent to 2.3 full dose rates （TFI） in the UK and a TFI of 0.6 in Denmark. These differences are most likely due to a combination of different cropping systems, climatic differences, disease prevalence, and socio-economic factors. The web based information platform *** was used for dissemination of information and results including information on control thresholds, cultural practices which can influence disease attack, fungicide efficacy, fungicide resistance, and pathogen virulence, which are all elements supporting 1PM for disease control in wheat. The platform is open to all users. The target groups of EuroWheat information are researchers, advisors, breeders, and similar partners dealing with disease management in wheat.

关键词： winter wheat IPM fungicides diseases cultural methods