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Hepatitis C virus in the new era:Perspectives in epidemiology,prevention,diagnostics and predictors of response to therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9633-9652页

作者： Filippo Ansaldi Andrea Orsi Laura Sticchi bianca bruzzone Giancarlo Icardi Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa Hygiene Unit I.R.C.C.S."A.O.U.San Martino-IST"16132 GenoaItaly

Despite the great successes achieved in the fields of virology and diagnostics,several difficulties affect improvements in hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection control and eradication in the new *** HCV infections still occur,especially in some of the poorest regions of the world,where HCV is endemic and long-term sequelae have a growing economic and health *** HCV vaccine is still no available,despite years of researches and discoveries about the natural history of infection and host-virus interactions:several HCV vaccine candidates have been developed in the last years,targeting different HCV antigens or using alternative delivery systems,but viral variability and adaption ability constitute major challenges for vaccine *** new antiviral drugs for HCV therapy are in preclinical or early clinical development,but different limitations affect treatment *** predictors are important tools,as they provide some guidance for the management of therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection:in particular,the role of host genomics in HCV infection outcomes in the new era of direct-acting antivirals may evolve for new therapeutic targets,representing a chance for modulated and personalized treatment management,when also very potent therapies will be *** the present review we discuss the most recent data about HCV epidemiology,the new perspectives for the prevention of HCV infection and the most recent evidence regarding HCV diagnosis,therapy and predictors of response to it.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus epidemiology Hepatitis C virus diagnosis Hepatitis C virus vaccine Direct-acting antivirals Predictors of response to hepatitis C virus therapy

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Overview of hepatitis B virus mutations and theirimplications in the management of infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 145-154页

作者： Patrizia Caligiuri Rita Cerruti Giancarlo Icardi bianca bruzzone Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa16132 GenoaItaly Hygiene Unit I.R.C.C.S.A.O.U.San Martino-IST16132 GenoaItaly

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)affects approximately two billion people worldwide and more than 240 million people in the world are currently chronic carrier that could develop serious complications in the future,like liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** an extended HBV immunization program is being carried out since the early‘80s,representing effective preventive measure,leading to a dramatic reduction of HBV hepatitis incidence,globally HBV infection still represents a major public health *** HBV virus is a DNA virus belongs to the Hepadnaviridae *** HBV-DNA is a circular,partial double strand *** coding information is on the minus DNA strand and it is organized into four open reading *** hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus,it has a high mutation rate due to its replicative strategy,that leads to the production of many nonidentical variants at each cycle of *** fact,it contains a polymerase without the proofreading activity,and uses an RNA intermediate(pg RNA)during its replication,so error frequencies are comparable to those seen in retroviruses and other RNA viruses rather than in more stable DNA *** to the low fidelity of the polymerase,the high replication rate and the overlapping reading frames,mutations occur throughout the genome and they have been identified both in the structural and not structural *** arise of mutations being to develop of a whole of viral variants called"quasi-species"and the prevalent population,which favors virus replication,was selected by viral fitness,host’s immune pressure and external pressure,i.e.,vaccination or antiviral *** occurring mutations were found both in acute and chronic *** the present review we examine and discuss the most recent available data about HBV genetic variability and its significance.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Mutations Open readingframes Molecular biology tools Liver disease

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Etiologies of Splenic Venous Hypertension:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第6期12卷 594-606页

作者： Jasmine Tidwell bianca Thakkar George Y.Wu Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Splenic venous hypertension or left-sided portal hypertension is a rare condition caused by an obstruction of the splenic ***,it presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of liver *** can be classified based on the mechanism of development of splenic vein hypertension:compression,stenosis,inflammation,thrombosis,and surgically decreased splenic venous *** is established by various imaging modalities and should be suspected in patients with gastric varices in the absence of esophageal varices,splenomegaly,or *** management and prognosis vary depending on the underlying etiology but generally involve reducing splenic venous *** aim of this review was to summarize the etiologies of splenic venous hypertension according to the mechanism of development.

关键词： Splenic venous hypertension Left-sided portal hypertension Sinistral portal hypertension Splenic vein thrombosis Gastric varices Hematemesis Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Cardiac arrest, stony heart, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An updated revisit

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第3期16卷 126-136页

作者： Ayman El-Menyar bianca M Wahlen Department of Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical ResearchHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Clinical Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDoha 24144Qatar Department of Anesthesiology Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

The post-resuscitation period is recognized as the main predictor of cardiopul-monary resuscitation(CPR)*** first description of post-resuscitation syndrome and stony heart was published over 50 years *** manifestations may include but are not limited to,persistent precipitating pathology,systemic ischemia/reperfusion response,post-cardiac arrest brain injury,and finally,post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction(PAMD)after successful *** do some patients initially survive successful resuscitation,and others do not?Also,why does the myocardium response vary after resuscitation?These ques-tions have kept scientists busy for several decades since the first successful resuscitation was *** modifying the conventional modalities of resu-scitation together with new promising agents,rescuers will be able to salvage the jeopardized post-resuscitation myocardium and prevent its progression to a dismal,stony *** awareness and staff education are crucial for shortening the resuscitation time and improving short-and long-term *** of these components before and early after the restoration of circulation will enhance the resuscitation *** review extensively addresses the underlying pathophysiology,management,and outcomes of post-resuscitation *** pattern,management,and outcome of PAMD and post-cardiac arrest shock are different based on many factors,including in-hospital cardiac arrest vs out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA),witnessed vs unwitnessed cardiac arrest,the underlying cause of arrest,the duration,and protocol used for *** restoring spontaneous circulation is a vital sign,it should not be the end of the game or lone primary outcome;it calls for better understanding and aggressive multi-disciplinary interventions and *** development of stony heart post-CPR and OHCA remain the main challenges in emergency and critical care medicine.

关键词： Cardiac arrest Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest In-hospital cardiac arrest Post-resuscitation Myocardial dysfunction Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Stony heart

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How far have we come?Review of main public policies to reduce landslide impacts in Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2891-2904页

作者： bianca Carvalho VIEIRA Tiago Damas MARTINS Telma Mendes da SILVA JoséEduardo BONINI Department of Geography University of São PauloAvenida Professor Lineu Prestes 05508-000Brazil Cities Institute Federal University of São PauloAvenida Jacu-Pêssego 08260-001Brazil Department of Geography Federal University of Rio de JaneiroAvenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 21941-916Brazil

During the rainy season in Brazil,landslides can have catastrophic consequences,including loss of life,damage to urban infrastructure and significant economic ***,more than eight million people in Brazil live in disaster-prone *** objective of this article is to present a chronological review of the principal policies and programmes at the national,state,and municipal levels,with an emphasis on their key actions aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters related to natural hazards,particularly *** analysis was based on official records of public policies from the national,state,and municipal *** results show that several initiatives were initially developed at the local and regional ***,it was not until the late 1980s that a comprehensive organisation of civil protection at the national level emerged as a response *** is possible to highlight three phases(understanding,coexistence,and prevention)of institutional action focused on risk management in the face of *** the growing knowledge of risk scenarios,disasters continue to occur in Brazil on an annual basis,revealing several obstacles to reducing their impact,particularly given the social and economic disparities between Brazilian regions and the applicability of public policies that must overcome the limitations of each municipality.

关键词： Disasters Risk Mitigation Prevention Legislation Civil Defense Natural Hazards

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The initial stages of Li_(2)O_(2) formation during oxygen reduction reaction in Li-O_(2) batteries:The significance of Li_(2)O_(2) in charge-transfer reactions within devices

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 223-231,I0006页

作者： Daniela M.Josepetti bianca P.Sousa Simone A.J.Rodrigues Renato G.Freitas Gustavo Doubek Advanced Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics&Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato Grosso78060-900CuiabáMTBrazil

Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion ***,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high *** with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and complex discharge and charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good performance of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its mechanisms,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further *** this perspective,the present work uses operando Raman experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Raman,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a microkinetic *** solution mechanism in the evaluated system was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three time *** the time constant for the anode interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seemed to be more *** model indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge ***,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode *** methodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution during cycling from a device through EIS analysis.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Operando Raman analysis Equivalent circuit modeling Time-constant distribution

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消费者参与区块链技术赋能:食品安全性与消费者信任提升的新兴潘多拉效应?

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粮油食品科技 2024年第4期32卷 24-32页

作者： bianca ROTH 蔡娣(译) 斯图加特大学社会科学系德国斯图加特德国联邦风险评估研究所风险沟通部德国柏林国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食质量安全研究所

目前,食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式,以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统,这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者主动参与,显著增强他们对食品安全治理体系的信任度。本文综... 详细信息

目前,食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式,以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统,这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者主动参与,显著增强他们对食品安全治理体系的信任度。本文综合社会科学、经济学以及食品安全治理领域的跨学科理论,深入探讨了影响消费者参与度和信任度的因素。为此,着重分析了区块链技术实施在加深消费者信任方面的潜力和影响。还提出一个包含理论分析与实证研究的综合研究议程,以期为全球食品供应链中区块链技术的应用及其对消费者信任的影响提供更深理解。

关键词：食品安全消费者参与度区块链食品可追溯性信任

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区块链技术赋能消费者参与：食品安全与消费者信任提升的新兴潘多拉效应？

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粮油食品科技 2024年

作者： bianca ROTH 蔡娣斯图加特大学社会科学系德国联邦风险评估研究所风险沟通部国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食质量安全研究所

目前，食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式，以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统，这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者的主动参与，显著增强他们对食品安全管理体系的信任度。... 详细信息

目前，食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式，以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统，这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者的主动参与，显著增强他们对食品安全管理体系的信任度。本论文综合社会科学、经济学以及食品安全治理领域的跨学科理论，深入探讨了影响消费者参与度和信任度的因素。此外，着重分析了区块链技术实施在加深消费者信任方面的潜力和影响。通过提出一个包含理论分析与实证研究的综合研究议程，以期为全球食品供应链中区块链技术的应用及其对消费者信任的影响提供更深入的理解。

关键词：食品安全消费者参与度区块链食品可追溯性信任

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陌生人的钱包

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2024年第1期 53-53,77页

作者： bianca Wooden 不详

一个14岁的男孩和他的家人一起去钓鱼,结果钓上来一个钱包……

关键词：钱包陌生人钓鱼

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Laminated Solid Timber Slab with Transverse Prestressing Using the Strategy of Interleaved Vertical Displacement of Lamellae

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第4期18卷 186-198页

作者： bianca Bispo dos Reis Jorge Daniel de Melo Moura Marcos Vinício de Camargo Everaldo Pletz Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism Londrina State UniversityJardim Portal de Versalhes 1Londrina 86057-970PRBrazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná(UTFPR)Apucarana 86812-460PRBrazil Retired professor Department of Structural Engineering Londrina State UniversityLondrina 86057-970PRBrazil

This article presents a study on the structural behavior of transversely prestressed laminated timber slabs,focusing on an innovative approach:vertically misaligned *** misalignment,achieved by sliding vertically the wooden lamellae rather than aligning them,enhances the slab’s cross-section moment of inertia,thereby improving load-bearing capacity and *** involved two groups of structural size specimens:one with vertically aligned lamellae(control group)and the other with misaligned lamellae(study group).Results showed the study group exhibited 42%superior stiffness and 10%less load capacity compared to the *** typically occurred individually in the lamellae,particularly in those with defects or lower modulus of elasticity,concentrated in the middle third of the slabs’free span where tensile stresses *** a higher number of failed lamellae,the study group demonstrated promising *** of prestressing bar indicated no damage at all in the thread,suggesting potential for reducing bar *** findings offer crucial insights into applying these slabs in timber construction as well as to any kind of construction.

关键词： Transversal prestressed slabs wooden construction plantation wood flexural testing design methodology

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