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Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-28页

作者： Adjoua Moïse Landry Famien Sandrine Djakouré bi tra jean claude youan Serge Janicot Abé Delfin Ochou Arona Diedhiou Département des Sciences et Techniques Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire LASMES-UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny d’Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire LSS-UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny d’Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Sorbonne Université IRD CNRS MNHN Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France UFHB-IRD Joint International Laboratory of Research on NEXUS Climate Water Energy and Agriculture and Development of Cli-mate Services African Centre of Excellence CCBAD (Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture) Université Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te D’Ivoire

The West African Monsoon (WAM) is characterized by strong decadal and multi-decadal variability and the impacts can be catastrophic for the local populations. One of the factors put forward to explain this variability involves the role of atmospheric dynamics, linked in particular to the Saharan Heat Low (SHL). This article addresses this question by comparing the sets of preindustrial control and historical simulation data from climate models carried out in the framework of the CMIP5 project and observations data over the 20th century. Through multivariate statistical analyses, it was established that decadal modes of ocean variability and decadal variability of Saharan atmospheric dynamics significantly influence decadal variability of monsoon precipitation. These results also suggest the existence of external anthropogenic forcing, which is superimposed on the decadal natural variability inducing an intensification of the signal in the historical simulations compared to preindustrial control simulations. We have also shown that decadal rainfall variability in the Sahel, once the influence of oceanic modes has been eliminated, appears to be driven mainly by the activity of the Arabian Heat Low (AHL) in the central Sahel, and by the structure of the meridional temperature gradient over the inter-tropical Atlantic in the western Sahel.

关键词： Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

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Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variabilityof the West African Monsoon

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences（大气和气候科学） 2024年第1期

作者： Adjoua Moïse Landry Famien Sandrine Djakouré bi tra jean claude youan Serge Janicot Abé Delfin Ochou Arona Diedhiou

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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： Kouamé jean-Louis Kouakou Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi bi tra Désiré Zinla Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Essential Oil Extracts in the Control of Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Cashew Orchards in Badikaha (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 93-104页

作者： Adama Coulibaly Magloire Yves Minhibo Charles Konan Kouakou Sylvain bi tra Djata Sanogo Lassina Fondio Mudde Barnabas National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Korhogo Regional Division Lataha Research Station Cashew Mango Papaya Program Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Agricultural Production Improvement Laboratory Jean Lorougnon Gu&#233d&#233 University Daloa C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Lira Uganda

Cashew tree has gradually moved from a purely ecological aspect to a socio-economic one, due to the marketing of its nuts. But production per area, estimated at between 424 and 547 kg/ha, remains low, in contrast to India (2nd largest producer) and Vietnam (3rd largest producer), whose yields range from 1000 to 1500 and 2000 to 2500 kg/ha respectively. This low yield is due to a number of factors, among which insect pests are the most damaging. Among these insects, termites are considered to be one of the main pests of cashew trees. The general objective of this study is to contribute to termite management through the use of bioinsecticides, an alternative to the use of chemicals in cashew orchards. Five (5) biological products were tested: Limocide, Carapa oil, Neem oil, Kitana and Kaskara. Among them, two products proved effective, with a mortality rate of over 50%. These were Limocide, whose LC50 was obtained in 24 h at a dose of 3.6 g/ml and 3.1 g/ml , giving a mortality rate of 57.66% ± 4.04% and 51.33 ± 2.08 respectively , and Carapa, at a dose of 4.5 g/ml, with an estimated mortality rate of 52.33% ± 1.52%. Such results have demonstrated the potential application of Limocide and Carapa biopesticides to sustainably control termites in cashew orchards of Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Termite Pest Organic Products Cashew Tree Côte d’Ivoire

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Ultrafast synthesis and sintering of materials in a single running experiment approach by using electric fields

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2019年第2期8卷 265-277页

作者： Lílian M.JESUS Ronaldo S.SILVA jean-claude M’PEKO Sao Carlos Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo(USP)P.O.Box:369CEP:13560-970 Sao CarlosSPBrazil Group of Advanced Ceramic Materials Department of PhysicsFederal University of Sergipe(UFS)CEP:49100-000 Sao CristovaoSEBrazil Department of Physics Federal University of Sao Carlos(UFSCar)13560-905 Sao CarlosSPBrazil

Processing of materials in the form of ceramics normally involves several steps including calcination at a relatively low temperature for synthesis of the end-product powder and sintering at a high temperature for *** work we have been developing introduces a novel approach enabling synthesis plus sintering of materials in a single running experiment by using electric fields,ending with dense ceramics that display grains noticeably finer than in conventional *** new paradigm is fully illustrated with experiments conducted on amorphous CaCu3Ti4O12 precursor powder,shown to experience,on heating,crystallization through intermediate phases,followed by chemical reaction leading to synthesis of the end-product powder,plus densification depending on field *** processing time and furnace temperature are considerably reduced,demonstrating that enhanced synthesis and sintering rates applied under field *** results found in bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12are also *** different factors that may contribute to this unique scenario,including Joule heating,defect generation,and reduction of free energy for nuclei formation promoted by the applied field,are briefly ***,the findings we bring here are exclusive as they show an exploitable way that allows rapid processing of materials with good control over particle and grain coarsening.

关键词： field-assisted processing synthesis sintering microstructure dielectric response

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biotolerance Study of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier on Rat Renal Activity

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Journal of biosciences and Medicines 2022年第12期10卷 167-179页

作者： Kamo Irié Lou Bohila Emilie tra bi Irie Otis Kouassi Kouakou Serge Djaman Allico Joseph N’guessan jean David Department of Microbiology Institut Pasteur of C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Superior Normal School Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire biology and Health Laboratory Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire biology and Health Laboratory Félix Houphou?t-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier is one of the plants of the Combretaceae family that is widely used in traditional African medicine for its antibacterial, antifungal, and especially in the treatment of malaria. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia mantaly (HAETM) on the tissue and kidney biochemical markers of rats. Forty (40) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, assigning 10 animals within each group (5 males and 5 females per group). Animals in group 1 received distilled water and were used as the control group;on the other hand, groups 2, 3, 4 received by gavage a volume of the extract corresponding to 1 ml/100g body weight at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract was administered at the same time daily for 28 days, and blood was collected once a week to evaluate renal biochemical parameters;the kidney tissues were used to perform the histopathological study. The creatinine rate increased significantly (p Terminalia mantaly should be globally well tolerated by the body when used in doses ranging from 150 to 600 mg/kg of the body weight in animals (for this study, rats). However, further in-depth studies would be needed to get a more thorough and complete picture of the safety profile of the extract.

关键词： Terminalia mantaly biotolerance biochemical Markers

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Submicroscopic Plasmodial Infection May Lead to Severe Malaria in Children

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第2期8卷 120-127页

作者： Berthe Amelie Iroungou jean claude biteghe bi Essone Fabrice Kassa Dieudonne Nkoghe jean-LouisMege Fousseyni S Toure Ndouo Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF) BP 769 Franceville Gabon Ecole Doctorale Regionale de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale BP 876 Franceville Gabon Unite de Recherche des Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes URMITE-IRD198 CNRS UMR7278 INSERM U1095 Faculte de Medecine 13385 Marseille Cedex 05 France

Malaria is one of the leading causes of consultation in African pediatric hospitals. In Gabon, malaria transmission is perennial. Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the most severe form of the disease, represents more than 95% of all species. In P. falciparum infection, the hyperparasitemia accounts among the main criteria of disease severity. However, in many endemic countries, a significant decrease of malaria burden accompanying with the diminution of parasite load in infected individuals has been demonstrated. The objective of the study was to analyze the occurrence of febrile syndrome in childhood and investigate whether the acute febrile illness could be associated with P. falciparum submicroscopic infection. A cross-sectional study was carried out during January to March 2013 in Franceville. A total of 203 acute febrile children were enrolled. A clinical examination and biomedical analysis including parasitological diagnosis by microscope were carried out in all the patients and PCR on microscope negative ones. Of 203 children recruited for febrile syndrome, 111 have been diagnosed positive for P. falciparum infection, 73 （35.9%） by microscope （ME） and 38 （18.71%） by PCR （submicroscopic infection = SM1） with an overall prevalence of 54.68%. Of the 11 1 P. falciparum infected individuals and according to the WHO criteria, 35 （31.53%） children showed a clinical picture of severe malaria against 76 （68.47%） others classified as uncomplicated malaria. The overall prevalence rates were therefore estimated as 17.24 （35/203） for severe cases and 37.43% （76/203） for uncomplicated ones. Clinically, these severe malaria cases （27 ME＋ and 8 PCR＋） were mainly composed of 85.71% of anaemic patients （30/35）, 71.14% of prostrated individuals （25/35） and 57.14% of children with clinical icterus （20/35）. However, only two cases of severe anaemia were observed, the remaining others cases were moderate （10） and mild anaemia （18）. More interestingly, eight submicroscopic inf

关键词： Plasmodiumfalciparum PCR Severe Malaria.

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Monoterpene hydrocarbons,major components of the dried leaves essential oils of five species of the genus Eucalyptus from Cote d’Ivoire

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Natural Science 2012年第2期4卷 106-111页

作者： Kanko Coffi Kone Soleymane Ramiarantsoa Harisolo Tue bi Balo Chalchat jean claude Chalard Pierre Figueredo Gilles Ahibo-Coffy Antoine Laboratoire de Chimie Organique biologique Unite de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et de Tecnhologie(UFR SSMT)Universite de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Structurale UFR SSMTUniversite de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Chimie des Heterocycles et des Glucides Chimie des Huiles Essentielles Universite Blaise PascalClermont FerrandFrance

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the dried leaves of five species of the genus Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. de-glupta, E. grandis, E. torelliana, E. urophylla) growing in C?te d’Ivoire, was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The density and the refractive index were measured. The major components of all these oils are: α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and β-caryo-phyllene. The particularity of these oils is their monoterpene hydrocarbons major components.

关键词： Eucalyptus Camaldulensis E.Deglupta E.Grandis E.Torelliana E.Urophylla Essential Oil Monoterpene Hydrocarbons Density Refractive Index

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bi-phasic Simulation of Metal Injection Moulding:Constitutive Determinations

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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(English Edition) 2003年第2期11卷 122-130页

作者：柳葆生 Barriere Thierry Gelin jean-claude Department of Engineering Mechanics Southwest Jiaotong University LMARC Franche-Comt University

To predict the segregation effect in metal injection moulding (MIM) injection, a bi-phasic model based on mixture theory is adopted in simulation. An explicit algorithm is developed and realized by the authors, which conducts the simulation to be a cost-effective tool in MIM technology. In case of the bi-phasic simulation, the viscosity behaviours are necessary to be determined for the flows of each phase while only the viscosity of mixture is measurable by tests. It is a crucial problem for application of the bi-phasic simulation of MIM injection. A reasonable method is hence analysed and proposed to determine the viscosity behaviours of each phase. Even though this method may be furthermore modified in the future, it results in the practical simulation of segregation effects with reasonable parameters. The simulation results are compared with the measurements on injected specimens.

关键词： metal injection moulding bi-phasic simulation viscous behaviours mixture theory

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Environmental Pollution bioindication Based on Ficus benjamina L. Leaf Reflectance in the City of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2016年第2期5卷 55-63页

作者： Zamblé Fidèle tra bi Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima Djédoux Maxime Angaman Ali Reza Khavanin Zadeh Karidia traoré Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Environnement Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Agroforesterie Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244te d’Ivoire

The air in African cities is increasingly polluted mainly due to human activities. A bioindication technical of urban air quality based on active remote sensing might be an alternative to existing physico-chemical methods. Reflectance measurements in the visible spectrum have been carried out at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Ficus benjamina L. leaves in the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, with a precision digital camera. Leaves were collected in industrial zones and in parks. The impact of air pollution on leaf physiological as well as structural characteristics in these two contrasts urban environments was determined by Dorsiventral Leaf Reflectance Correlation (DRLC) and dorsiventral leaf reflectance asymmetry quantitatively defined with Normalized Dorsiventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). Species leaf susceptibility to air pollution from season to season was determined by NDAI seasonal variation. Leaf reflectance measurements allowed the estimation of environmental stress level among industrial areas and parks. NDAI and DLRC were significantly higher in industrial zones compared to parks. NDAI values were found significantly higher for major rainy season compared to major dry season, indicating probably that F. benjamina leaf structure changes were increased from one season to another. Thereby, assessment of urban air quality can be done using leaves reflectance in the visible spectrum.

关键词： bioindication Air Pollution Reflectance Visible Spectrum Côte d’Ivoire

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