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Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Quality of the Waters of the Méné River (Sassandra Watershed, Ivory Coast) in the Dry Season and in the Rainy Season

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 738-746页

作者： Konan Lopez Kouamé Gansso Valentin Akilinon Olivier Simon Mananga Kombo Gneneyougo Emile Soro bi tié albert goula Science and Technology Department Alassane Ouattara University Bouak Ivory Coast Environmental Sciences Laboratory Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Ivory Coast

The study carried out on the waters of the Méné River led to an overall assessment of its water quality during the dry season and the rainy season. The analysis focused on eight (8) water samples taken from the river during a period of dry season (January-February) and a period of rainy season (June and September). The various physicochemical parameters were measured according to Afnor standardized methods. The readings of temperature, turbidity, pH and conductivity made it possible to account for the disturbances occurring in water quality. A temporal variation correlated with the seasons (dry or rainy) is noted. Turbidity depends on the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the water and drained particles and therefore on the seasons. Just like the temperature, the conductivity changes with the season. The waters of the Méné River are generally acidic. The results obtained show that there is a low level of pollution by chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. A slight pollution of the waters of Méné in organic matter (chemical oxygen demand values are less than 25 mg∙L−1 during dry season and 32.33 ± 4.73 mg∙L−1 during rainy season) was observed. The concentrations of metallic trace elements such as iron, manganese and aluminum indicate significant pollution of these waters by these elements. Overall, the waters of the Méné River are of satisfactory quality because all the physicochemical parameters analyzed have values below standards during the dry season as well as during the rainy season with the exception of COD and a few metallic trace elements.

关键词： Méné Physicochemical Parameters River Season Water Quality

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Using “Water Evaluation and Planning” (WEAP) Model to Simulate Water Demand in Lobo Watershed (Central-Western Cote d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第3期13卷 216-235页

作者： Affoué Berthe Yao Oi Mangoua Jules Mangoua Eblin Sampah Georges Alioune Kane bi tié albert goula Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory Department of Earth Sciences Jean Lorougnon Guede University Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire PHD School Water Quality and Uses of Water Faculty of Letter and Human Sciences Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Training and Research unit Environmental Sciences and Management Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Climate change continues to pose a threat to the sustainability of water resources while, water need is increasing. In spite of the efforts made by the state authorities to build water infrastructure, a large majority of the population is not having access to drinking water. In this study, Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to model the current situation of water supply and demands, to create scenarios for future water demands and supply. The results show that, in contrast to the livestock sector, which has a zero DNS, huge deficits are observed in reference scenario. These unsatisfied demands (DNS) are dominated by deficits in rice irrigation. The analysis of the evolution of demand according to the growth scenarios has shown that the deficits already observed in the reference scenario will reach 100.45 × 106 m3 in 2040. To mitigate the effects of such deficits, water management optimization measures have been proposed. Strengthening the water supply to urban centers from the creation of dams could considerably reduce the observed deficits. These results are an important decision support tool for sustainable water resource management in the Lobo watershed. However, these strategies to improve access to water depend on the government’s political will on water and economic opportunities.

关键词： WEAP IWRM Request Site Water Resources Unsatisfied Demand Côte d’Ivoire

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Conceptual Model of Aquifers in the Bedrock Zone of the MarahouéWatershed (Centre-West of Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第7期10卷 229-256页

作者： Kouassi Désiré Bouatrin Innocent Kouassi Kouame Aristide Gountôh Douagui Kouamé Auguste Kouassi bi tié albert goula Geosciences and Environment Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences and Management Nangui University Abrogoua Abidjan Ivory Coast

Marahoué watershed, located in the Center West of Côte d’Ivoire, has experienced significant population growth in recent decades. And a major economic boom linked to intense agricultural activity and the presence of certain industries. This population growth is also accompanied by seasonal water shortages. Hence it needs to better manage the basin’s groundwater, which is a permanent resource and more resistant than surface water to climatic hazards. The objective of this study is therefore to propose a conceptual model of hydrogeological flow for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources in the Marahoué watershed. The establishment of the conceptual model was carried out in two stages. The first step consisted in defining the stratigraphic units. For this purpose, three units have been defined. These are the layer of alterite, the useful fissured horizon and the sound basement. The thickness of the layer of alterite varies from 0 to 80 m with an average of 26 m. As for the useful fissured horizon, its thickness is between 43 and 46.5 with an average of 45 m. In addition, the roof of the basement presents a slightly uneven morphology with a North-West, South-East dip and the altitudes are between 150 and 390 m. The second step corresponds to the phase of determining the hydrodynamic parameters. During this phase, the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity, the storage coefficient, the hydrological balance and the piezometric map were determined. Indeed, these parameters (the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity and the storage coefficient) confirm not only the heterogeneity of the medium but that the cracked horizon is sufficiently porous to be assimilated to an equivalent continuous medium during the simulation.

关键词： Marahoué Watershed Conceptual Model Ivory Coast

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Impact of Climate Variability on Water Resources: The Case of Marc Delorme-Cnra Station, Southeast of Ivory Coast

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第9期13卷 726-749页

作者： Charly Fernand Agoh Tacra Thierry Lekadou Mahaman Bachir Saley bi Trazié Jérémie Gala Jean Homian Danumah Pierre-Marie Janvier Coffi Zadjéhi Eric-Blanchard Koffi bi tié albert goula Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences and Techniques (LSTEE) UFR of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources (STRM) Felix Houphou&euml t Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast National Agronomic Research Center Marc Delorme Research Station Abidjan Ivory Coast Laboratory Geosciences and Environment Training and Research Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management (UFR) of Environmental Sciences and Management Nangui Abrogoua University (UNA) Abidjan Ivory Coast Laboratory of biology and Improvement of Plant Productions UFR Sciences de la Nature Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Ivory Coast

This study aims to characterize the climatic variability in the South-East of Ivory Coast and to show its impact on the supply of water resources. To do this, statistical and hydrological methods were applied to climatic data collected at the Marc DELORME Research Station of the CNRA. The statistical trend tests on this data revealed a significant decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, insolation and evaporation. Statistical break methods indicate a rainfall break in 1982 which marks a modification of the rainfall regime thus translating a drop in rainfall of 15%, a recession in the frequency of rainy days in general and in particular in rainfall heights between 10 and 30 mm and greater than 50 mm. This break is accompanied by a shortening of the rainy seasons, with average rainfall durations ranging from 54 days (short rainy season) to 104 days (great rainy season). Despite the disturbances in the different seasons of the year, the monthly rainfall regimes in the area have not changed. The assessment of the effects of drought on water resources using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for three-time scales (1 month, 3 months and 12 months) indicates a severe drought ranging from 3% to 7% over the period 1961 to 2018. However, despite the presence of this severe drought, the intensity of the drought was found to be moderate on all time scales. The Thorrnthwaite method was used to highlight the impacts of this climatic variability on the region’s water resources. The average annual recharge estimated at 402 mm, has been reduced to 153 mm during a deficit period, a decrease of about 62%. The average annual runoff, which was 294 mm, fells to 257 mm, a decrease of about 13%. This recorded decrease in the water infiltrated after the rainfall break (1983-2018), explains the heterogeneous decrease in the depth of the water table.

关键词： Climate Variability Drought Statistical Tests Water Resource Ivory Coast

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Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Low Water Flows in the Sassandra River Catchment Area in Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第6期7卷 184-202页

作者： Djoro Gauthier-Lopez Anouman Yao Alexis N’go Gneneyougo Emile Soro tié albert goula bi Environmental and Geosciences Laboratory Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

In a context of climate change and declining water resources, knowledge of low flow is essential. Present study deals with the spatial and temporal evolution of the streams low flow in Sassandra river. In the study, 12 stations of the Sassandra sub-basins (Sassandra, N’zo, Lobo, and Davo) were selected according to the availability and quality of long-term data. Annual, monthly and daily low flow data from twelve hydrological stations of the Sassandra watershed were used and cover the period from 1970 to 2015. The methodology used is concerned with extracting the low flow data and analyzing and evaluating the trends (Mann-Kendall) and change-point (cumulate sum) of low flow data. Statistical tests are applied to the mean and variance of the low-flow series. The results of the statistical tests show more trends and change points on the mean than on the variance. Significant trends show an increase in low flow waters. The significant change point detected by the cumulative sums test generally occurs between 1990-2007. In addition, tributaries are more affected by significant trends and change point detection than Sassandra river.

关键词： Low Flow Mann-Kendall Cumulate Sum Sassandra River Cote d’Ivoire

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Contribution of a Geographical Information System to the Study of Soil Loss Dynamics in the Lobo Catchment (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第9期6卷 183-194页

作者： Jean-Philippe Attoungbré Deguy Alexis Yao N’Go Hervé Kouakou Kouassi Emile Gneneyougo Soro albert tié bi goula Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment UFR Environmental Science and Management Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Water UFR Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The Lobo watershed is highly anthropogenic since it has become the main production area for cocoa and coffee in C?te d’Ivoire. It therefore seems important to quantify soil loss by water erosion in this region. The Wischmeier modeling was used to model the main factors involved in erosive phenomena. Crosscutting of thematic maps and the application of the USLE formulas made possible to evaluate the erosion rate at the watershed scale in 1986 and 2014. Although soil is susceptible to erosion and erosivity is increased, the results indicate a growth in soil loss estimated at 90.12%. Some agroforestry efforts are still possible to help reducing those soil losses.

关键词： Water Erosion Soil Loss Universal Soil Loss Equation Geographical Information System Lobo

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Mapping of Malaria Risk Related to Climatic and Environmental Factors by Multicriteria Analysis in the MarahouéRegion of Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 234-252页

作者： Assikohon Pulchérie Gouzile Martial Bama bi Yourou Guillaume Zamina Ellélé Aimé Yapi Gneneyougo Emile Soro bi tie albert goula tiembré Issiaka National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Félix Houphouë t Boigny University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Nangui-Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Malaria, a febrile human disease transmitted by female anopheles whose ecology is linked to water, is a major public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire, more precisely in the Marahoué region located in the southwest of the country. In order to effectively control this disease, it is necessary to understand the etiology and the diffusion pattern of the vectors. This justifies this study, which proposes to determine the areas at risk of malaria transmission in order to carry out an effective fight against this disease in this region of Côte d’Ivoire. To achieve this, a combined approach of geographic information systems and multicriteria analysis was adopted. The analysis reveals that the south and northwest of the Marahoué region present a high risk for malaria transmission. This risk is linked to indicators such as climatic factors that cover 48.36% of the study area, environmental factors such as vegetation cover (NDVI), soil moisture (NDWI), altitude, hydrography (water point) and population that covers 55.29% of the area and land use. Also, the results indicated that 50.70% of the region has favorable conditions for malaria transmission. Overall, climatic and environmental indicators are the risk factors associated with the resurgence of malaria.

关键词： Mapping Palustrum Multicriteria Analysis Marahoué Ivory Coast

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Study of Photocatalytic Activity of a Nanostructured Composite of ZnS and Carbon Dots

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2022年第4期11卷 111-128页

作者： Irié bi Irié Williams Essy Kouadio Fodjo Pomi bi Boussou Narcisse Aka Alla Martin Koffi Koffi Kra Sylvestre Trokourey albert Zhen Gu Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter UFR SSMT Université Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

Environmental pollution jeopardizes our existence. For this purpose, research is moving more and more towards the search for economic means and green chemistry to curb this phenomenon. In this context, the photocatalytic activity of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) and nanostructured composite ZnS/carbon dots (ZnS/CDs) was evaluated after their synthesis. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the crystal structure of ZnS/CDs is identical to that of the cubic phase structure of ZnS, revealing that the cubic phase structure of ZnS was not altered in the presence of CDs. Indeed, there is no additional peak in the crystal structure of ZnS/CDs, revealing that the crystalline structure of ZnS is not responsible for the difference in photocatalytic activity between ZnS/CDs and ZnS NPs. Moreover, analysis performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows aggregation of the synthesized ZnS and ZnS/CDs nanoparticles with an average size estimated around 10 nm and 12 nm, respectively. In addition, the reflectance study in the visible range shows a reduction in the sunlight reflection intensity using ZnS/CDs compared to the capability of ZnS NPs. Photocatalytic degradation tests reveal that ZnS/CDs have the best methylene blue (MB) degradation rate. Indeed, under the optimal conditions, the photocatalytic activity can reach 100% efficiency within 100 min and 240 min of sunlight exposure for the degradation of 7.5 mg/L MB using ZnS/CDs and ZnS, respectively. This improvement in photocatalytic activity of ZnS/CDs may be due to the presence of CDs which can permit to undergo a reduction of reflection properties of ZnS NPs in the visible range. These results show that CDs can play a key role in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnS, and suggest that ZnS/CDs could be used as eco-friendly composite materials for the degradation of organic pollutants of similar structures in the aquatic environment under solar irradiation.

关键词： Fluorescent Carbon Dots (CDs) Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Sunlight Reflectance Property Synthesis of ZnS Nanoparticles

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Data-driven models for ground and excited states for Single Atoms on Ceria

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1636-1643页

作者： Julian Geiger albert Sabadell-Rendón Nathan Daelman Núria López Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia(ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST)Avinguda Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avinguda Catalunya3543002TarragonaSpain

Ceria-based single-atom catalysts present complex electronic structures due to the dynamic electron transfer between the metal atoms and the semiconductor oxide *** these materials implies retrieving all states in these electronic ensembles,which can be limiting if done via density functional ***,we propose a data-driven approach to obtain a parsimonious model identifying the appearance of dynamic charge transfer for the single atoms(SAs).We first constructed a database of(701)electronic configurations for the group 9–11 metals on CeO_(2)(100).Feature Selection based on predictive Elastic Net and Random Forest models highlights eight fundamental variables:atomic number,ionization potential,size,and metal coordination,metal–oxygen bond strengths,surface strain,and Coulomb *** these variables a Bayesian algorithm yields an expression for the adsorption energies of SAs in ground and low-lying excited *** work paves the way towards understanding electronic structure complexity in metal/oxide interfaces.

关键词： theory excited states

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Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three Localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 1-17页

作者： Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje bi Irié Marc Gouli Drissa Ouattara Kra Vanh Eric-Simon Zran Adjourma Konate albert Trokourey Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (LCE) de l’ Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Laboratoire de Constitution et Ré action de la Mati&#232re (LCRM) &#224 l&#8217UFR SSMT-Universit&#233 F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.

关键词： Ivory Coast Gloazra Trahonfla Kouezra Physicochemical Parameters Water WHO Standards

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