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Urban Growth Monitoring using Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics: Case Study of Gandhinagar, Gujarat State (India)

International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第4期8卷 563-576页

作者： bhavika badlani Ajay N. Patel Krunal Patel Manik H. Kalubarme Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad India Department of Science & Technology Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG) Government of Gujarat Gandhinagar India

The Gandhinagar town has undergone unprecedented urban growth after assuming the status of a capital of Gujarat state, India in 1971. The Gandhinagar city lies on the western bank of river Sabarmati and city is also known as the “Tree capital of India” because of greenery with 54% green cover. The urban sprawl in Gandhinagar town was analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat TM data from 1981 to 2015. Spectral indices namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were generated from the Landsat TM bands covering visible Red (R), Near Infrared (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) wavelength regions. Spectral variations in built-up, open spaces, urban vegetation and water areas were studied by generating two-dimensional spectral plots of NDBI and BUI. The spectral response of built up areas like Urban-dense and urban-sparse classes are quite distinct from other cover types like open spaces, urban vegetation and water. The results indicate that the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and Built-up Index (BUI) were very useful for mapping urban built-up areas in Gandhinagar town using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. The built-up area in Gandhinagar increased from 1100.1 ha during Jan 1989 to 1907.3 ha during Jan 2015 which indicates about 73 per cent increase in the built-up area during the period of 26 years. The urban vegetation which includes parks and gardens in the city has also shown increasing trend during the period of 1989 to 2015. However, the area under open spaces has decreased as the development of built-up area has increased as per development plan of the Gandhinagar town.

关键词： Landsat-TM Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) Built-up Index (BUI) Urban Sprawl monitoring

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Role of endoscopy in surgical management of cholesteatoma:A systematic review

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Journal of Otology 2020年第4期15卷 166-170页

作者： bhavika Verma Yogesh G.Dabholkar Department of ENT School of MedicineD.Y.Patil UniversityNavi MumbaiIndia

Endoscopes are increasingly being used in cholesteatoma surgeries either as an adjunct to microscopes or sometimes *** role at present is more as adjunct to microscope which still remains the work-horse for ***,as endoscopy and endoscopic instruments are increasingly getting refined,role of endoscopy in management of cholesteatoma is continuously being appraised with progressively newer *** review aims to assess outcomes of several studies in which endoscopic techniques were used in cholesteatoma surgery and recognize common *** extensive review of literature on this theme was *** studies comprising of 1685 patients treated endoscopically either exclusively or in combination with microscope were ***-operatively,in 267(15.82%)cases,residual cholesteatoma was identified by endoscope in hidden areas after completion of surgery with *** follow-up,recidivism was identified in 108 cases(6.4%)in second look *** sites of recurrence were hidden areas like sinus *** review while acknowledging the value of microscope,highlights the merit of endoscope usage in cholesteatoma surgery and its role in reducing recurrence.

关键词： Endoscopic ear surgery Systematic review Adjunctive endoscopy Cholesteatoma Mastoidectomy Recurrence

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Higher Child-Reported Internalizing and Parent-Reported Externalizing Behaviors were Associated with Decreased Quality of Life among Pediatric Cardiac Patients Independent of Diagnosis:A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Assessment

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第3期16卷 255-267页

作者： Jacqueline S.Lee Angelica Blais Julia Jackson bhavika J.Patel Lillian Lai Gary Goldfield Renee Sananes Patricia E.Longmuir Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaCanada Faculty of Health Science University of OttawaOttawaCanada Faculty of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaCanada Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario OttawaCanada The Hospital for Sick Children TorontoCanada

Background:Pediatric cardiology patients often experience decreased quality of life(QoL)and higher rates of mental illness,particularly with severe disease,but the relationship between them and comparisons across diagnostic groups are *** mixed-methods cross-sectional study assessed the association between QoL anxiety and behavior problems among children with structural heart disease,arrhythmia,or other cardiac ***:Children(6–14 years,n=76,50%female)and their parents completed measures of QoL(PedsQL),behavior(BASC-2,subset of 19 children)and anxiety(MASC-2,children 8+years).Pearson correlations/regression models examined associations between QoL,behavior and anxiety,controlling for age,sex,diagnosis and condition *** t-tests compared results to published normative ***-structured interviews(15 children,13 parents)examined self-and parent-reported perceptions of the patient’s emotional ***:Child reported social QoL(95%CI difference:−11.0,−2.1),emotional well-being(95%CI difference:−12.5,−3.8)and adjustment skills(95%CI difference:−13.9,−3.0)were significantly below published norms(p<0.05).Neither age,sex,nor diagnosis were significantly related to questionnaire *** to children with mild conditions,child and parent-reported QoL was significantly lower in children with complex conditions(np2≥0.14,p<0.05).Lower QoL was strongly associated with more internalizing problems based on both child(r=−0.78,p<0.001)and parent(r=−0.67,p<0.001)*** responses suggested emotional distress was attributed to“normal”child problems rather than the child’s cardiac ***:Children with complex cardiac conditions,regardless of diagnosis,had diminished *** the PedsQL in clinical settings may help identify pediatric cardiology patients experiencing emotional distress(i.e.,anxiety and depression).

关键词： Anxiety emotional well-being internalizing behaviors congenital heart defects arrhythmia cardiomyopathy

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Chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery

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World Journal of Medical Genetics 2016年第3期6卷 22-33页

作者： bhavika J Patel Nithin K Vignesh Gonzalo Hortelano Department of Health Sciences McMaster University Department of Biology School of Science and Technology Nazarbayev University School of Biomedical Engineering McMas-ter University Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University

Gene therapy is a promising technology with potential applications in the treatment of medical conditions, both congenital and acquired. Despite its label as breakthrough technology for the 21st century, the simple concept of gene therapy - the introduction of a functional copy of desired genes in affected individuals - is proving to be more challenging than expected. Oral gene delivery has shown intriguing results and warrants further exploration. In particular, oral administration of chitosan DNA nano-particles, one the most commonly used formulations of therapeutic DNA, has repeatedly demonstrated successful in vitro and in vivo gene transfection. While oral gene therapy has shown immense promise as treatment options in a variety of diseases, there are still signifcant barriers to overcome before it can be considered for clinical applications. In this review we provide an over-view of the physiologic challenges facing the use of chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery at both the extracellular and intracellular level. From administration at the oral cavity, chitosan nanoparticles must traverse the gastrointestinal tract and protect its DNA contents from signifcant jumps in pH levels, various intestinal digestive enzymes, thick mucus layers with high turnover, and a proteinaceous glycocalyx meshwork. Once these extracellular barriers are overcome, chitosan DNA nanoparticles must enter intestinal cells, escape endolysosomes, and disassociate from genetic material at the appropriate time allowing transport of genetic material into the nucleus to deliver a therapeutic ef-fect. The properties of chitosan nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles are discussed in this review. An understanding of the barriers to oral gene delivery and how to overcome them would be invaluable for future gene therapy development.

关键词： Gene therapy Oral gene delivery Chitosan nanoparticles Glycocalyx pH Enzymes Endolysosomal escape Intracellular transport Nuclear transport Mucus

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Genetic diseases conferring resistance to infectious diseases

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第3期2卷 247-254页

作者： Isabelle C.Withrock Stephen J.Anderson Matthew A.Jefferson Garrett R.McCormack Gregory S.A.Mlynarczyk Aron Nakama Jennifer K.Lange Carrie A.Berg Sreemoyee Acharya Matthew L.Stock Melissa S.Lind K.C.Luna Naveen C.Kondru Sireesha Manne bhavika B.Patel Bierlein Mde la Rosa Kuei-Pin Huang Shaunik Sharma Hilary Z.Hu Sri Harsha Kanuri Steve A.Carlson Department of Biomedical Sciences Iowa State University College of Veterinary MedicineAmesIA 50011USA Department of Psychology Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and SciencesAmesIA 50011USA Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and SciencesAmesIA 50011USA Department of Genetics Developmental and Cell BiologyIowa State University College of Liberal Arts and SciencesAmesIA 50011USA Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

This review considers available evidence for mechanisms of conferred adaptive advantages in the face of specific infectious *** short,we explore a number of genetic conditions,which carry some benefits in adverse circumstances including exposure to infectious *** examples discussed are conditions known to result in resistance to a specific infectious disease,or have been proposed as being associated with resistance to various infectious *** infectious diseasedgenetic disorder pairings include malaria and hemoglobinopathies,cholera and cystic fibrosis,tuberculosis and Tay-Sachs disease,mycotic abortions and phenylketonuria,infection by enveloped viruses and disorders of glycosylation,infection by filoviruses and NiemannePick C1 disease,as well as rabies and myasthenia *** also discuss two genetic conditions that lead to infectious disease hypersusceptibility,although we did not cover the large number of immunologic defects leading to infectious disease *** of the resistance-associated pairings(malaria/hemogloginopathies,cholera/cystic fibrosis,tuberculosis/Tay-Sachs,and mycotic abortions/phenylketonuria)appear to be a result of selection pressures in geographic regions in which the specific infectious agent is *** other pairings do not appear to be based on selection pressure and instead may be ***,research investigating these relationships may lead to treatment options for the aforementioned diseases by exploiting established mechanisms between genetically affected cells and infectious *** may prove invaluable as a starting point for research in the case of diseases that currently have no reliably curative treatments,e.g.,HIV,rabies,and Ebola.

关键词： Disease Infectious Pathogen Polymorphism Resistance Susceptibility

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因地而异:加拿大当代景观设计

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景观设计学（中英文） 2022年第6期10卷 90-97页

作者：巴维卡·夏尔马艾丽莎·诺斯加拿大多伦多大学约翰·H·丹尼尔斯建筑、景观与设计学院多伦多M5S 2J5

郁郁葱葱的植被和广阔的地形使得如画的荒野景观成为了加拿大国家形象的重要组成部分。那么,我们该如何理解那些经过设计的当代城市景观?多伦多大学艾丽莎·诺斯教授主编的《天然地形:加拿大景观设计》一书关注气候变化下的景观演变,结... 详细信息

郁郁葱葱的植被和广阔的地形使得如画的荒野景观成为了加拿大国家形象的重要组成部分。那么,我们该如何理解那些经过设计的当代城市景观?多伦多大学艾丽莎·诺斯教授主编的《天然地形:加拿大景观设计》一书关注气候变化下的景观演变,结合当代设计理论,重点介绍了在加拿大独特的地形之上塑造的景观设计项目。在东海岸,位于圣约翰的“过境”(In Transit)装置和斯宾塞岛的景观设计项目通过将自然地理特征、历史知识、本土材料和手工艺紧密结合,强调了场所文化特征;在凯克尔滕领地公园遗址所在地,设计师与当地因纽特社区的合作促进了包括文化相关研究方法在内的设计策略的制定。该书为加拿大景观设计带来了更多灵感,同时填补了相关文字记录的空白,展现了加拿大当代景观设计有别于全球其他地区的景观实践(尤其是文字记载丰富的美国景观)的独特魅力。20世纪早期,定居在加拿大的艺术家们通过大尺度的绘画直观地展现那里的荒野景观。然而,这些图画虽然凸显了地域的广阔,却忽略了其背后隐藏的地域文化特性。20世纪下半叶,加拿大景观设计摒弃了之前盛行的“国际主义风格”——将普适性设计应用于不同的地区和场地,转而遵循“批判性地域主义”设计理念。景观设计师与当地居民合作,仔细评估地理环境、文化背景等因素,因地制宜地制定土地管理策略和景观干预措施。在“生态都市主义”的影响下,景观设计作品反映并参考了加拿大天然地形中的典型生态系统,不断演变并最终形成了自身独有的景观气质。全球气候变暖使得加拿大(尤其是北部地区)的景观处于持续变化之中。当下,景观设计师更应该化挑战为机遇,建立起与相关专业人员、传统知识传承人的合作关系,共同探索适应气候变化的新的景观干预手段。

关键词：加拿大当代景观设计批判性地域主义土著传统知识文化遗产天然地形

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