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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 322-330页

作者： Ke Cao Srujana Sahebjada Andrea J.richardson Paul N.Baird Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneAustralia. Department of Surgery OphthalmologyThe University of Melbourne32 Gisborne StreetEast MelbourneVIC 3000Australia

Background:Keratoconus(KC)is a common corneal condition with an unknown gender *** numerous studies have investigated the genetic component of KC,no specific genes have yet been attributed to the *** recently reported posterior segment changes occurring in the eyes of KC ***,it is not clear whether these changes are part of KC pathogenesis or reflect changes in anatomical features of the eye manifested by changes at the *** retinal changes represent the main characteristics observed in agerelated macular degeneration(AMD)and that pleiotropy has been demonstrated between different eye diseases,we wished to assess if known AMD associated genes were also associated with ***:A total of 248 KC subjects and 366 non-KC(control)subjects were recruited from public and private clinics in Melbourne for this *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)previously associated with AMD,including rs10490924(ARMS2/HTRA1),rs10737680(CFH),rs13278062(TNFRSF10A),rs1864163(CETP),rs2230199(C3),rs3130783(IER3/DDR1),rs334353(TGFBR1),rs3812111(COL10A1),rs429608(C2/CFB),rs4420638(APOE),rs4698775(CFI),rs5749482(TIMP3),rs6795735(ADAMTS9),rs8017304(RAD51B),rs8135665(SLC16A8),rs920915(LIPC),rs943080(VEGFA),rs9542236(B3GALTL)and rs13081855(COL8A1/FILIP1L),were genotyped in this *** regression was applied to evaluate the association between these SNPs and KC on both genders together,as well as each gender *** regression was also applied to assess the association between SNPs and corneal *** correction was applied to adjust for multiple ***:Genotyping data were available for 18 *** SNP,rs6795735(ADAMTS9)was significantly associated with KC(p=3.5×10−4)when both genders were assessed,whereas rs5749482(TIMP3)was only associated in males(p=7.7×10−4)following Bonferroni multiple ***,when the covariates of age and gender were included,the associations became non-sign

关键词： Keratoconus Gender Genetic Age-related macular degeneration

ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING AMMONIA OXIDATION IN SOIL

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 177-186页

作者： Cathryn A.O'SULLIVAN Elliott G.DUNCAN Margaret M.ROPER Alan E.richardson John A.KIRKEGAARD Mark B.PEOPLES CSIRO Agriculture&Food 306 Carmody RdSt LuciaQld 4067Australia CSIRO Agriculture&Food Private Bag 5WembleyWA 6913Australia MBS Environmental 4 Cook StreetWest PerthWA 6005Australia CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

A range of plant species produce root exudates that inhibit ammonia-oxidizing *** biological nitrification inhibition(BNI)capacity can decrease N loss and increase N uptake from the *** study sought evidence for the existence and magnitude of BNI capacity in canola(Brassica napus).Seedlings of three canola cultivars,Brachiaria humidicola(BNI positive)and wheat(Triticum aestivum)were grown in a hydroponic *** exudates were collected and their inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium,Nitrosospira multiformis,was *** pot experiments were used to test the inhibition of native nitrifying communities in *** exudates from canola significantly reduced nitrification rates of both *** cultures and native soil microbial *** level of nitrification inhibition across the three cultivars was similar to the well-studied high-BNI species *** capacity of canola may have implications for the N dynamics in farming systems and the N uptake efficiency of crops in rotational farming *** reducing nitrification rates canola crops may decrease N losses,increase plant N uptake and encourage microbial N immobilization and subsequently increase the pool of organic N that is available for mineralization during the following cereal crops.

关键词： ammonia oxidizing microorganisms biological nitrification inhibition farming rotations nitrogen cycling nitrogen use efficiency

High-power,electronically controlled source of user-defined vortex and vector light beams based on a few-mode fiber amplifier

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Photonics Research 2021年第5期9卷 856-864页

作者： DI LIN JOEL CARPENTER YUTONG FENG YONGMIN JUNG SHAIF-UL ALAM DAVID J.richardson Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Optical angular momentum(OAM)-based structured light beams provide an additional degree of freedom for practical applications ranging from optical communication to laser-based material processing. Many techniques exist for generating such beams within laser sources and these primarily rely upon the use of specially designed optical components that limit laser power scaling and ready tunability of the topological charge and polarization of the output OAM beams. Here we show that some of these limitations can be overcome by employing a computer controlled reflective phase-only spatial light modulator to adaptively tailor the input(and subsequent output) beam wavefront and polarization in a few-mode fiber amplifier. In this way modal-coupling-induced beam distortion within the fiber amplifier can be mitigated and we are able to generate at will any desired supported spatial mode guided in the fiber, including conventional linearly polarized(LP) modes, scalar OAM modes, and cylindrical vector modes, at average powers >10 W and with a peak power of >11 kW. Our results pave the way to the realization of practical high-power structured laser sources with tunable chirality and polarization.

关键词： amplifier fiber power

Transition Metal Aluminum Boride as a New Candidate for Ambient-Condition Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第5期12卷 106-118页

作者： Yang Fu Peter richardson Kangkang Li Hai Yu Bing Yu Scott Donne Erich Kisi Tianyi Ma Discipline of Chemistry School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia CSIRO Energy 10 Murray Dwyer CircuitMayfield WestNSW 2304Australia School of Environmental Science and Engineering Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007FujianPeople’s Republic of China

Achieving more meaningful N2 conversion by reducing the energy input and carbon footprint is now being investigated through a method of N2 fixation instead of the Haber-Bosch ***,the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction(NRR)method as a rising approach currently still shows low selectivity(Faradaic efficiency<10%)and high-energy consumption[applied potential at least-0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)].Here,the role of molybdenum aluminum boride single crystals,belonging to a family of ternary transition metal aluminum borides known as MAB phases,is reported for the electrochemical NRR for the first time,at a low applied potential(-0.05 V versus RHE)under ambient conditions and in alkaline *** to the unique nano-laminated crystal structure of the MAB phase,these inexpensive materials have been found to exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performances(NH3 yield:9.2μg h^-1cm^-2mgcat^-1.,Faradaic efficiency:30.1%)at the low overpotential,and to display a high chemical stability and sustained catalytic *** conjunction,further mechanism studies indicate B and Al as main-group metals show a highly selective affinity to N2 due to the strong interaction between the B 2p/Al 3p band and the N 2p orbitals,while Mo exhibits specific catalytic activity toward the subsequent reduction ***,the MAB-phase catalyst under the synergy of the elements within ternary compound can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and achieve enhanced NRR *** significance of this work is to provide a promising candidate in the future synthesis of ammonia.

关键词： MAB phase N2 reduction reaction Electrocatalysis Nanostructure

3D integrated photonics platform with deterministic geometry control

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Photonics Research 2020年第2期8卷 194-201页

作者： JEROME MICHON SARAH GEIGER LAN LI CLAUDIA GONCALVES HONGTAO LIN KATHLEEN richardson XINQIAO JIA JUEJUN HU Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Department of Biological Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716USA Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China College of Optics&Photonics University of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida 32816USA College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

3D photonics promises to expand the reach of photonics by enabling the extension of traditional applications to nonplanar geometries and adding novel functionalities that cannot be attained with planar *** material options and device geometries are,however,limited by current fabrication *** this work,we pioneer a method that allows for placement of integrated photonic device arrays at arbitrary predefined locations in 3D using a fabrication process that capitalizes on the buckling of a 2D *** present theoretical and experimental validation of the deterministic buckling process,thus demonstrating implementation of the technique to realize what we believe to be the first fully packaged 3D integrated photonics *** of the platform for mechanical strain sensing is further demonstrated.

关键词： buckling planar photonics

Use of non-timber forest products from invasive alien Prosopis species(mesquite) and native trees in South Africa: implications for management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： Ross T Shackleton David C Le Maitre Brian W van Wilgen David M richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to many areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local communities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "mesquite") have, however, become naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. Management options are limited because of the complex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. Management policies and strategies must take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dimensions of uses and impacts before such information can be usefully applied. Current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of mesquite in one province,but not in others where its control is mandatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-timber forest products(NTFPs) from mesquite and native trees in South ***: Semi-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain amounts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: The direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of mesquite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from native trees than from mesquite. Therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and mesquite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. Mesquite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and medicinal products). The use of both native trees and mesquite is decreasing as the incomes of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources become available. The benefits and reliance on mesquite are not as high as previously assumed and the impacts from mesquite invasions create large problems for local ***: This study provides further evidence that the impacts of mesquite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions Conflicts of interests Cost v

Bilateral uveitis associated with nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma: a case report

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第7期10卷 1183-1186页

作者： Daniel Russell richardson Brian Ellis Inderjit Mehmi Monique Leys West Virginia University Eye Institute West Virginia University Cancer Institute

Dear Editor,I am *** Russell richardson from the West Virginia University Eye Institute in Morgantown,West Virginia,United States.I write to present a case of uveitis associated with nivolumab,which is a promising new immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI）for metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma with expanding *** the use of nivolumab continues to increase,ophthalmologists must be aware of uveitis as an adverse event.

关键词： melanoma metastatic Virginia checkpoint expanding richardson aware write presentation Russell

The need for a new framework for the economic evaluation of health services in a national health scheme

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Health 2010年第9期2卷 1120-1133页

作者： Jeff R. richardson John McKie Kompal Sinha Centre for Health Economics Monash University Melbourne Australia

The normative theory of economic evaluation and its welfare theoretic basis are deeply problematical and result in recommendations which are potentially unfair. The root cause of the problem is the set of assumptions behind the theory which posit behaviours and motivations that are not universal, and which exclude other behaviours and motivations that are potentially important. As falsification of assumptions may be evaded indefinitely this paper presents an alternative critique. We commence with six an- omalies with the theory which are attributable to the assumptions. The first three—the net present value criterion, the willingness to pay criterion and moral hazard—arise from welfare theory. The remaining three are associated with the present definition of cost, the concept of efficiency and the omission of sharing, which are common to most economic evaluation. We argue that these anomalies are indicative of a defective core theory and that they are equivalent to observations that conflict with a positive theory. In the final section we outline and illustrate a more general framework for decision making that is capable of overcoming the ano- malies we discuss.

关键词： Economic Evaluation Economic Costs Welfare Theory Empirical Ethics Cost Benefit Analysis

A fine-scale assessment of the ecosystem service-disservice dichotomy in the context of urban ecosystems affected by alien plant invasions

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 323-338页

作者： Luke J.Potgieter Mirijam Gaertner Patrick J.O’Farrell David M.richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University

Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are ***: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant ***: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they ***: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions Ecosystem disservices Ecosystem services Remote sensing Trade-offs Tree invasions Urban plant invasions