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A Review of Native Hawaiian Benefits Received through the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第3期14卷 206-212页

作者： Gwendolyn A. richardson University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha USA

On August 16th, 2022, Public Law 117-169, The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, was signed into law by the President of the United States, Joseph R. Biden Jr. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 provides the Native Hawaiian community an opportunity to engage in activities of climate resilience and adaptation through making funds available to support such actions. This article provides a preliminary policy analysis of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 to identify the opportunities presented by this legislation that can provide ecological and cultural benefit to the Native Hawaiian community. Findings suggest policy language included in this Act is broad which emphasizes the need for the Senior Program Director of the Office of Native Hawaiian Relations, who is tasked with fund distribution, to rely upon the knowledge of the Native Hawaiian community and ecological experts to direct funds in a manner that best benefits the Native Hawaiian community.

关键词： Inflation Reduction Act Climate Crisis Environmental Law Hawaii

Controlled generation of picosecond-pulsed higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from an ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier

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Photonics Research 2023年第2期11卷 181-188页

作者： KUNHAO JI DI LIN IAN A. DAVIDSON SIYI WANG JOEL CARPENTER YOSHIMICHI AMMA YONGMIN JUNG MASSIMILIANO GUASONI DAVID J. richardson Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Fujikura Ltd. Chiba 285-8550Japan

Higher-order Poincarésphere(HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions are opening up a host of unique applications in areas ranging from optical communication to ***, the flexible generation of these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams based on coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber(MCF) amplifier. Using a spatial light modulator to adaptively adjust the wavefront and polarization of the signals seeded into the individual cores of the MCF various structured beams(including cylindrical vector beams and first-and second-order vortex beams) were generated with peak powers up to 14 k W for ~92 ps pulses.

关键词： amplifier polarization fiber

Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： Hannah K.Liberatore Eric J.Daiber Sridevi A.Ravuri Judith E.Schmid Susan D.richardson David M.DeMarini Air Methods and Characterization Division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the muta

关键词： Swimming pools Hot tubs Mutagenicity Disinfection byproducts Spas

CAB Furnace Atmosphere Visualisation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5B期25卷 729-732页

作者： P F Stratton A P richardson BOC Sheffield UK BOC Murray Hill NJ USA

In today’s automotive industry almost all car and truck radiators, oil coolers and air conditioning heat exchangers are manufactured using Nocolok Controlled Atmosphere Brazing (CAB). One of the most critical elements of the brazing process is the atmosphere used to protect the flux. Oxygen content is the major variable affecting the performance of the nitrogen atmosphere. Furnace design and flow rate are the major factors affecting oxygen content. Optimisation of these atmosphere parameters has a significant impact on operating cost, and on the quality and consistency of the brazed product. Computational fluid dynamics provides a tool to visualise the atmosphere conditions within the furnace and to explore the effects of changing some of the variables. Modelling the atmosphere in a typical CAB furnace has shown the importance of the integrity of the curtains in maintaining the low oxygen levels required for successful Nocolok brazing. For a given set of curtains it has shown that the only effective way of decreasing oxygen levels is to increase atmosphere gas flow.

关键词：铝钎焊 CAB炉子氮气 CFD 空气气流

Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 161-172页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Ai Jia Chih-Fen T.Lee Raha Shirkhani Joshua M.Allen Susan D.richardson Michael J.Plewa Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality LaboratoryCA 91750USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaSC 29208USA Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA

A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewaterimpacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into DBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging DBPs(HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging DBPs(haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging DBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging DBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated DBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate(a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies(primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies(where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging DBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI;however, ~50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected DBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Total organic bromine Total organic iodine Trihalomethanes Haloacetonitriles Haloacetaldehydes Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodoacetic acids

A new technique helps to uncover unknown peptides and disinfection by-products in water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： Susan D.richardson Cristina Postigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter（NOM）and thousands that derive from anthropogenic *** complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more *** to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water（e.g.,chlorine,chloramines,

关键词： Disinfection by-products(DBPs) Drinking water Halogenated peptides Liquid chromatography Natural organic matter(NOM) Non-targeted analysis Tandem mass spectrometry Water contaminants

Seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton in a multiplereservoir recycling irrigation system

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 465-475页

作者： Ping Kong Patricia richardson Chuanxue Hong Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center Virginia Tech1444 Diamond Springs RoadVirginia BeachVA 23455USA

Background:Agricultural runoff recycling systems are manmade aquatic ecosystems of growing significance to global water sustainability,crop health,and *** study investigated the seasonal dynamics of microbial community in a three-reservoir recycling irrigation system with a stepwise water flow and compared with that of an adjacent runoff-free *** water from all production areas was captured in a sedimentation reservoir which overflowed to a transition reservoir then retention reservoir through a *** water was pumped to replenish the reservoirs as needed during growing ***:16S rDNA PCR clone libraries of quarterly water samples from three reservoirs and one stream were sequenced,and 575 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified and assigned to cyanobacteria,eukaryotic phytoplankton,and other *** compared to the stream,three reservoirs consistently had low microbial diversity.A distinct seasonal pattern of microbial community structure was observed for each reservoir and the *** was consistently dominated by other *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria during the summer and fall and eukaryotic phytoplankton during the winter and *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria beginning in the spring but that dominance was altered when water was pumped from the stream from early spring to fall *** reservoir had the greatest shift of microbial community structure,being dominated by other bacteria in the summer,cyanobacteria in the fall,and eukaryotic phytoplankton in the winter and *** temperature and ammonium level were the two most important contributing factors to the seasonality of microbial community in these ***:The three recycling irrigation reservoirs consistently had lower microbial diversity and distinct community structure when compared to the *** reservoirs were typically dominated by cyanobacteria dur

关键词： Bacteria Cyanobacteria Phytoplankton Seasonal dynamics Water recycling Water quality

Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes, iodo-haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes during chlorination and chloramination of iodine containing waters in laboratory controlled reactions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 127-134页

作者： Cristina Postigo Susan D.richardson Damia Barceló Water and Soil Quality Research Group Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina SC 29208 United States Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA) Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona17003 GironaSpain

Iodine containing disinfection by-products（I-DBPs） and haloacetaldehydes（HALs） are emerging disinfection by-product（DBP） classes of concern. The former due to its increased potential toxicity and the latter because it was found to be the third most relevant DBP class in mass in a U.S. nationwide drinking water study. These DBP classes have been scarcely investigated, and this work was performed to further explore their formation in drinking water under chlorination and chloramination scenarios. In order to do this, iodo-trihalomethanes（I-THMs）,iodo-haloacetic acids（I-HAAs） and selected HALs（mono-HALs and di-HALs species, including iodoacetaldehyde） were investigated in DBP mixtures generated after chlorination and chloramination of different water matrices containing different levels of bromide and iodide in laboratory controlled reactions. Results confirmed the enhancement of I-DBP formation in the presence of monochloramine. While I-THMs and I-HAAs contributed almost equally to total I-DBP concentrations in chlorinated water, I-THMs contributed the most to total I-DBP levels in the case of chloraminated water. The most abundant and common I-THM species generated were bromochloroiodomethane, dichloroiodomethane, and chlorodiiodomethane. Iodoacetic acid and chloroiodoacetic acid contributed the most to the total I-HAA concentrations measured in the investigated disinfected water. As for the studied HALs, dihalogenated species were the compounds that predominantly formed under both investigated treatments.

关键词： Iodinated disinfection by-products Chlorination Chloramination Drinking water Mass spectrometry Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodo-haloacetic acids Haloacetaldehydes

Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 13-25页

作者： Lydie-Stella Koutika David M.richardson CRDPI Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Acacia mangium, a fast-growing tree native to parts of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia,has been cultivated outside its native environment and introduced into humid tropical lowland regions of Asia,South America and Africa over the last few decades. It is a multipurpose tree used in agroforestry, forestry and for restoration of degraded lands. It is also highly invasive in many regions where it has been introduced outside its native range. This paper reviews evidence of its obvious benefits and its negative impacts on ***: A literature review on Australian acacias and especially on A. mangium was undertaken to highlight both benefits and threats associated with their increasing worldwide use outside their native ***: Through N_2 fixed from the atmosphere, A. mangium improves soil fertility, especially by increasing N status and soil C accretion when introduced to N-limited areas; it thus has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems. No studies have, however, been done to assess the effectiveness of A. mangium in restoring biodiversity of degraded lands. Most Australian acacias have traits that facilitate invasiveness, and 23 species have been recorded as invasive to date. A. mangium has been reported as invasive in Asia, Indonesia, Pacific Islands,Indian Ocean Islands, southern Africa and Brazil. Research on other invasive Australian acacias in several parts of the world has elucidated the types of impacts that are likely in different types of ecosystems and key options for mitigating ***: A. mangium has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems, but is highly invasive wherever it is planted. Many parts of the world have a large invasion debt for this species. Experience with other invasive acacias around the world suggests a suite of interventions that could be used to reduce invasions and mitigate impacts. Careful risk assessments should be undertaken prior to

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions C sequestration Soil N status Tree invasions