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ISSUES THAT ARE OF IMPORTANCE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION AS THE MILLENNIUM APPROACHES

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辐射防护 1998年第Z1期18卷 5-12页

作者： Roger H clarke(Chairman, International Commission on Radiological Protection)

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１Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ１．ＴｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙｂｏｄｙｉｎｒａｄｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓＩＣＲＰ．Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎ１９２８ａｓｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＸｒａｙａｎｄＲａｄｉｕｍＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｍｍｉｔ...

关键词： AS PROTECTION MILLENNIUM THAT OF APPROACHES

“Digging in the Dirt”faecal microRNAs as dietary biomarkers of host-microbe interactions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 292-294页

作者： Gerard M.Moloney John F.Cryan Gerard clarke Department of Anatomy&Neuroscience University College CorkCorkIreland APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCorkIreland Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science University College CorkCorkIreland

The role of diet and nutrition in maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become a central part of chronic disease prevention(1).Chronic conditions such as cancer,Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and obesity are more prevalent in people with poor diets(2).Food consumption is controlled by physiological systems such as the gut-microbiome and distinct neuroendocrine pathways that overlap to promote host nutritional gain resulting in people living longer healthier lives(3).A recent analysis of the global burden of disease by the World Health Organization(WHO),noted that factors associated with poor diet,including obesity and malnutrition,critically undermine health and *** note that undernutrition,deficiencies in key nutrients and obesity have high social and economic *** disease,cancer,diabetes,and respiratory diseases account for 77%of all diseases and are responsible for 86%of all premature deaths(4).There is an appreciation that diets that reduce or eliminate red meats and animal fats results in the reduction of many of the indicators of poor diet,such as body mass index(BMI)and levels of cholesterol in the blood.

关键词： prevention eliminate overlap

Transitions of care across hospital settings in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第17期25卷 2122-2132页

作者： Leigh R Warren Jonathan M clarke Sonal Arora Mauricio Barahona Naila Arebi Ara Darzi Patient Safety Translational Research Centre Imperial College London Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London Centre for Health Policy Imperial College London Centre for Mathematics of Precision HealthcareImperial College London Department of Biostatistics Harvard University Department of Mathematics Imperial College London Department of Gastroenterology St.Marks Academic Institute

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder characterised by both intestinal and extra-intestinal pathology. Patients may receive both emergency and elective care from several providers, often in different hospital settings. Poorly managed transitions of care between providers can lead to inefficiencies in care and patient safety issues. To ensure that the sharing of patient information between providers is appropriate, timely, accurate and secure, effective data-sharing infrastructure needs to be developed. To optimise inter-hospital data-sharing for IBD patients, we need to better understand patterns of hospital encounters in this *** To determine the type and location of hospital services accessed by IBD patients in *** was a retrospective observational study using Hospital Episode Statistics, a large administrative patient data set from the National Health Service in *** patients with a diagnosis of IBD following admission to hospital were followed over a 2-year period to determine the proportion of care accessed at the same hospital providing their outpatient IBD care, defined as their ‘home provider'. Secondary outcome measures included the geographic distribution of patient-sharing, regional and age-related differences in accessing services, and type and frequency of outpatient ***95055 patients accessed hospital services on 1760156 occasions over a 2-year follow-up period. The proportion of these encounters with their identified IBD‘home provider' was 73.3%, 87.8% and 83.1% for accident and emergency,inpatient and outpatient encounters respectively. Patients living in metropolitan centres and younger patients were less likely to attend their ‘home provider' for hospital services. The most commonly attended specialty services were gastroenterology, general surgery and *** Transitions of care between secondary care settings are common for patients with IBD. E

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Transitions of care Continuity of care Fragmentation Multi-morbidity

MRI-Based Patient-Specific Left Ventricular Model to Determine the Effects of Trabeculae Carneae on the Diastolic and Systolic Functions

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医用生物力学 2019年第A1期34卷 19-20页

作者： Fatemeh Fatemifar Marc Feldman Geoffrey clarke Ender Finol Haichao Han Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA Department of Medicine 3.Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas HealthScience Center at San AntonioTX78229USA

Introduction Trabeculae carneae are irregular structures that cover the endocardial surfaces of both ventricles of human heart and account for a significant portion of the ventricular ***,the role of trabeculae carneae in left ventricular(LV)function is not well *** reports suggested that trabeculae help squeeze blood from the apical region during systole[1].Our recent study suggests that trabeculae carneae hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to increased LV stiffness in patients with diastolic heart failure,and severing free-running trabeculae carneae may improve diastolic compliance of the LV[2].Objective To understand the role of trabeculae carneae in the left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions using anatomically detailed patient-specific finite element models of the human ***(1)Image acquisition An explanted human heart was collected from a 63 year old female donor with a history of stroke and congestive heart failure within 24 hours postmortem from South Texas Blood and Tissue Center(San Antonio,TX).The heart was de-identified in accordance with Institutional Review Board(IRB)requirements and informed consent for research was obtained from the donor’s ***-dimensional MRI scanning was conducted on a 3T(128 MHz)MRI system(TIM Trio,Siemens Medical Solutions),comprised of a superconducting magnet with a 60 cm diameter accessible bore,when the heart was submerged in a saline filled plastic container.(2)Finite element analysis Three distinct LV models were derived from the MR *** first model was the intact trabeculated model(TM)which contained all trabeculae carneae and papillary *** high-resolution anatomically detailed 3D model of the LV was segmented from 2D MR images in DICOM format using Mimics(Materialise NV,Leuven,Belgium).The second model was the papillary model(PM),in which the papillary muscles remain intact but most of the trabeculae carneae were excluded in the smoothing *** third

关键词： EF MRI-Based Patient-Specific Trabeculae Carneae the Diastolic and Systolic F Model

光激发荧光谱术分析Co-Cr-Al(Y)纳米涂层的氧化 Ⅰ.Al_2O_3相的表征与相转变

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金属学报 2003年第10期39卷 1055-1059页

作者：彭晓王福会 D.R.clarke 中国科学院金属研究所金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室 Materials Department College of Engineering University of California at Santa Barbara CA 93106-5050

磁控溅射Co—Cr—Al(Y)纳米涂层在1000,1100和1200℃氧化一定时间后,用光激发荧光谱技术表征热生长的Al2O3相.发现氧化层局部区域存在由非稳态相向稳态相的转变,即: γ→θ→α;其转变过程随温度升高显著加快,并在1200℃下变得不明显.... 详细信息

磁控溅射Co—Cr—Al(Y)纳米涂层在1000,1100和1200℃氧化一定时间后,用光激发荧光谱技术表征热生长的Al2O3相.发现氧化层局部区域存在由非稳态相向稳态相的转变,即: γ→θ→α;其转变过程随温度升高显著加快,并在1200℃下变得不明显.在相同温度下,Y明显减缓Al2O3相转变过程.

关键词：光激发荧光谱术 A12O3 相转变 Co—Cr—Al(Y)纳米涂层磁控溅射

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Sub-stoichiometric functionally graded titania fibres for water-splitting applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 11-16页

作者： Vaia Adamaki A.Sergejevs C.clarke F.Clemens F.Marken C.R.Bowen Mechanical Engineering Department University of Bath Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department University of Bath High Performance Ceramics EMPA Materials Science and Technology Chemistry Department University of Bath

The photo-electro-chemical （PEC） splitting of water requires semiconductor materials with a minimum energy gap of 1.23 eV along with conduction and valence bands overlapping the oxidation of H20 and reduction of H＋ respectively. This work overcomes the limitations of stoichiometric titania by manufacturing fine scale fibres that exhibit a compositional gradient of oxygen vacancies across the fibre length. In such a fibre configuration the fibre end that is chemically reduced to a relatively small extent performs as the photoanode and the oxygen vacan- cies enhance the absorption of light. The fibre end that is reduced the most consists of Magn61i phases and exhibits metallic electrical conductivity that enhances the electron-hole separation. The structure and composition of the functionally graded fibres, which were manufactured through extrusion, pressureless sintering and carbo-thermal reduction, are studied using XRD and electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measure- ments were performed in a three-electrode electrochemical system and showed that the oxygen vacancies in the functionally graded fibres affect the fiat band potential and have increased carrier density. The efficiency of the system was evaluated with PEC measurements that shows higher efficiency for the functionally graded fibres com- pared to homogeneous TiO2 or Magn61i phase fibres. The functionally graded and fine scale fibres have the potential to be used as an array of active fibres for water splitting applications.

关键词： titania suboxides water splitting photocurrent

Classical biological control program for the mealybug Oracella acuta in Guangdong Province, China

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 129-139页

作者： Stephen R. clarke Hai-Bin Yu Mu-Rong Chen Gary L. DeBarr Jiang-Hua Sun US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Lufkin Texas USA Forest Pest Control Station of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station Athens Geogria2 USA State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The mealybug Oracella acuta, native to the southeastern US, was accidentally introduced into slash pine plantations in Guangdong Province in China in 1988. A classical biological control program was initiated in 1995, and the parasitoids Allotropa oracellae, Acerophaus coccois, and Zarhopalus debarri were imported from the US. A total of 19 972 parasitized mealybugs were shipped to China from 1996-2004, from which 15 430 wasps emerged, 12 933 of which were the three target species. Efforts to establish a mass-rearing program for the parasitoids in China failed. Five field release sites were established, and 6 020 parasitoids were released. Only 118 individuals of the three imported species were collected during establishment checks, although several wasps were collected 1-2 years after the last parasitoid release. Over 2 000 Anagyrus dactylopii, a cosmopolitan parasitoid, emerged from the parasitized mealybugs collected, a majority from the Taishan area near the site of the original introduction ofO. acuta. To date the imported parasitoids have failed to establish, and natural enemies have not noticeably reduced mealybug populations.

关键词： Acerophagus coccois Anagyrus dactylopii Allotropa oracellae classical biological control Oracella acuta Zarhopalus debarri

Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre-and post-weaning periods

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 475-490页

作者： Ruairi P.McDonnell John V.O’Doherty Bernadette Earley Anne Marie clarke David A.Kenny School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre(AGRIC)GrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland Present address:GippsDairy 71 Korumburra-Warragul RoadWarragulVIC 3820Australia.

Background: Previous research in both calves and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and β-glucans may have positive effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance,behaviour, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calves with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans derived from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calves, aged 13.7± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered5 L(120 g/L) per day of milk replacer(MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR,(1) Control(CON);(2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day(FO);(3) 1 g β-glucans per day(GL) and(4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans(FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62(pre-weaning),while concentrate provision continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Individual daily feed intake and feeding behaviour was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular ***: Overall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calves, respectively(SEM = 0.037;P < 0.0001). Calves supplemented with GL were significantly lighter(P < 0.0001) at both weaning(d 62) and turnout to pasture(d 93) than un-supplemented calves, with a similar effect(P < 0.0001)evident for calves receiving FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded visits where milk was not consumed(P < 0.0001) while supplementation with FO increased mean drinking speed(P < 0.0001). Supplementation with GL resulted in greater concentrations of haptoglobin(P = 0.034), greater serum osmolality(P = 0.021) and lower lymphocyte levels(P = 0.027). In addition,cells from GL supplemented calves exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin

关键词： Fish oil Fucoidan Immune function Laminarin Preweaning Seaweed

Broadband THz absorption spectrometer based on excitonic nonlinear optical effects

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 922-926页

作者： Avan Majeed Pavlo Ivanov Benjamin Stevens Edmund clarke Iain Butler David Childs Osamu Kojima Richard Hogg Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S14DEUK School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128LTUK EPSRC National Centre for Ⅲ-Ⅴ Technologies University of SheffieldBroad LaneSheffield S37HQUK Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1-1 RokkodaiNadaKobe 657-8501Japan

A broadly tunable THz source is realized via difference frequency generation,in which an enhancement to χ^((3)) that is obtained via resonant excitation of III–V semiconductor quantum well excitons is *** symmetry of the quantum wells(QWs)is broken by utilizing the built-in electric-field across a p-i-n junction to produce effectiveχ(2)processes,which are derived from the high χ^((3)).This χ^((2)) media exhibits an onset of nonlinear processes at~4Wcm−2,thereby enabling area(and,hence,power)scaling of the THz *** matching is realized laterally through normal incidence *** two collimated 130mW continuous wave(CW)semiconductor lasers with ~1-mm beam diameters,we realize monochromatic THz emission that is tunable from 0.75 to 3 THz and demonstrate the possibility that this may span 0.2-6 THz with linewidths of ~20 GHz and efficiencies of ~1×10^(-5),thereby realizing ~800 nW of THz ***,transmission spectroscopy of atmospheric features is demonstrated,thereby opening the way for compact,low-cost,swept-wavelength THz spectroscopy.

关键词： tunable thereby nonlinear