检索结果-南通市图书馆

Inter-Regional Comparisons on the Quaternary Large Mammalian Faunas between China and Sub-Saharan Africa

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 91-106页

作者： TONG Haowen HU Nan LIU Jinyi Ronald clarke Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute for Human Evolution University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2193 South Africa

The current and dominant theory about the origin of modern humans is the out-of-Africa hypothesis, which asserts that populations of Homo sapiens left Africa 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations of humans in Eurasia. Many scholars equated the out-of-Africa dispersal of humans with paleoenvironmental changes. However, until now, few have paid special attention to the faunal data and whether or not faunal patterns are supportive of the popular theory. Recent comparative study of the Chinese fauna shows that the communication of faunas between Africa and East Asia could have occurred during the Neogene, but it was very limited during the Pleistocene. In the Chinese Quaternary fauna, only 16% of the genera are also present in the sub-Saharan African fauna. There is also no element among the dominant taxa of the Chinese Quaternary fauna which can be related to the African fauna. There is no reliable proof for the existence of Hippopotamus and Giraffa, as well as Panthera leo, during the Quaternary in China. Two controversial taxa are Acinonyx and Crocuta, about which there is still argument concerning their species identification in Eurasia. It is possible that both of the genera have co-specific taxa in Africa and Eurasia. Although the two genera are confined to Africa today, they did have a long evolutionary history in China. For the Out of Africa hypothesis for Homo sapiens, the implications of the limited faunal interchanges between China and Africa are not completely clear yet.

关键词： large mammals faunal comparisons Quaternary out of Africa theory Sub-SaharanAfrica China

Historical review of the causes of cancer

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 54-86页

作者： clarke Brian Blackadar Department of Food Science Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph

In the early 1900 s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. Then in the 1980 s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

关键词： Infections Causes Cancer Carcinogens Historical Etiology International agency for research on cancer

Sendai Framework’s Global Targets A and B: Opinions from the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction’s Ignite Stage 2019

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 651-663页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-Bennett Krishna clarke Daniel Mendez School of Business University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Avoidable Deaths Network University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK Office of the President Saint Michael Parish of Saint MichaelCaribbean Development BankBridgetown 11000Barbados

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 set seven global targets of which the first two targets are to reduce disaster deaths(target A) and diminish the number of affected people globally(target B)by *** realize these targets,the United Nations General Assembly’s Expert Working Group provided indicators to measure progress as well as terminologies for these targets in *** around these targets is *** article contributes to the understanding of the targets by exploring:(1) what are the conditions that may hinder achieving targets,as well as those that may accelerate their achievement at the national and local levels;and(2) which types of organizations should lead a country’s effort to reduce disaster deaths?These questions were answered by opinion survey research carried out at the Sixth Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk *** participants identified disaster risk reduction efforts,early warning systems,awareness,finance and investment(among others) as the important facilitating factors to achieve targets A and *** investment in human security,lack of response and coordination,uncertainty of climate change,poor information,lack of campaigns and low budget allocation(among others) are considered as the important hindering factors for these targets by the *** findings also suggest that the facilitating and hindering variables of targets A and B are interconnected with global target E(disaster risk governance and capacity building).The majority of the participants thought that it is the national government who should lead in a country’s effort to reduce disaster *** on these findings,a few recommendations have been made to improve policy and practice related to the indicators as well as to reimagine theories so that targets A and B can be realized in alignment with target E at the national and local levels by 2030.

关键词： Disaster deaths Disaster risk reduction Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction HealthEDRM Health system Sendai Framework’s targets A and B

Effect of plastic mulch on crop yield and land degradation in south coastal saline soils of Bangladesh

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 317-324页

作者： Mohammad Asadul Haque Muhammad Jahiruddin Derek clarke Department of Soil Science Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityBangladesh Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of SouthamptonUK

The experiment was conducted during dry season of 2016 and 2017 at farmer's field of Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali district, Bangladesh to develop tools to reduce salinity impact in maize and to reduce salinity induced land degradation. There were five treatments in the experiment having three different color plastic mulch (blue, black and white) and rice straw mulch and a non mulch control (bare soil) treatment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments white, blue and black plastic film mulch, and rice straw much had 149%, 109%, 78% and 25% grain yield increase in 2016, and 173%, 117%, 99% and 47% in 2017 over control, respectively. The white plastic mulch treatment had 4 ℃ and 3.5 ℃ higher temperature over rice straw mulch treatment and 2.0 ℃ higher than the control treatment in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The black plastic mulch had 0.2 and 1.0 ℃, and rice straw mulch had 2.0 and 1.5 ℃ lower temperature than control in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Use of plastic mulch significantly reduces electrical conductivity of soil. In non-mulch treatment sulfur content was extremely high;plastic mulch rather helps to decrease the excess availability of sulfur. The overall results suggest that use of plastic mulch would be a suitable tool for enhancing maize production maintaining good soil health in saline soils.

关键词： Land degradation Maize Plastic mulch Saline soil Straw mulch

Evaluation of conflict-resolution policies on controller taskload

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第5期34卷 315-330页

作者： Adan Ernesto VELA William SINGHOSE Karen FEIGH John-Paul clarke Eric FERON Department of Industrial Engineering and Management System University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

In an effort to maintain safety while satisfying growing air traffic demand,air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory systems to identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to *** understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools,this paper examines a metric of controller taskload:how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of an advisory *** a simulation study,the research presented here evaluates how the underlying protocol of a conflict-resolution tool affects the controller taskload(system demands)associated with the conflict-resolution process,and implicitly the controller workload(physical and psychological demands).Ultimately,evidence indicates that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms supporting an advisory system.

关键词： Air traffic control Air traffic management Conflict detection and resolution Decision-support tools Simulation analysis

Synthetic biology in the UK-An outline of plans and progress

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第4期1卷 243-257页

作者： L.J.clarke R.I.Kitney UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council UK Department of BioEngineering Imperial CollegeUK Faculty of Life Sciences University of ManchesterUK BionerG UK EPSRC National Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation UK Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology UK BioMedical Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeUK BioMedical Systems EngineeringImperial CollegeUK

Synthetic biology is capable of delivering new solutions to key challenges spanning the bioeconomy,both nationally and *** this significant potential and the associated need to facilitate its translation and commercialisation the UK government commissioned the production of a national Synthetic Biology Roadmap in 2011,and subsequently provided crucial support to assist its *** infrastructural investments have been made,and important strides made towards the development of an effectively connected community of practitioners and interest groups.A number of Synthetic Biology Research Centres,DNA Synthesis Foundries,a Centre for Doctoral Training,and an Innovation Knowledge Centre have been established,creating a nationally distributed and integrated network of complementary facilities and *** UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council published a UK Synthetic Biology Strategic Plan in 2016,increasing focus on the processes of translation and *** 50 start-ups,SMEs and larger companies are actively engaged in synthetic biology in the UK,and inward investments are starting to *** these initiatives provide an important foundation for stimulating innovation,actively contributing to international research and development partnerships,and helping deliver useful benefits from synthetic biology in response to local and global needs and challenges.

关键词： Synthetic biology Engineering biology Biodesign Roadmap Responsible Research and Innovation(RRI) Innovation and Knowledge Centre(IKC) Synthetic Biology Leadership Council(SBLC) Bioeconomy

User Association in Ultra-Dense Small Cell Dynamic Vehicular Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2019年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Shipra Kapoor David Grace Tim clarke Department of Electronic Engineering University of YorkYO105DDUnited Kingdom

Network densification is envisioned as one of the key enabling technologies in the next generation and beyond wireless networks to satisfy the demand of high coverage and capacity whilst deliver an ultra-reliable low latency communication services especially to the users on the *** of the fundamental tasks in wireless networks is user *** the case of ultra-dense vehicular networks,due to the dense deployment and small coverage of the eNodeBs,there may be more than one eNodeB that may simultaneously satisfy the conventional maximum radio signal strength user association *** addition to this,the spatial-temporal vehicle distribution in dynamic environments contribute significantly towards the rapidly changing radio environment that substantially impacts the user association,therefore,the network performance and user *** paper addresses the problem of user association in dynamic environments by proposing intelligent user association approach,variable-reward,quality-aware Q-learning(VR-QAQL)that has an ability to strike a balance between the number of handovers per transmission and system performance whilst a guaranteed network quality of service is *** VR-QAQL technique integrates the control-theoretic concepts and the reinforcement learning approach in an LTE uplink,using the framework of an urban vehicular *** algorithm is assessed using large-scale simulation on a highway scenario at different vehicle speeds in an urban *** results demonstrate that the proposed VR-QAQL algorithm outperforms all the other investigated approaches across all mobility levels.

关键词： 5G access protocols adaptive algorithm control design dynamic range handover machine learning algorithms multiagent systems radio access networks uplink user centered design

From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry John P.Cunningham Anthony R.clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria Research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data:the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第5期11卷 451-469页

作者： Su Yeon Han Ming-Hsiang Tsou Keith C.clarke Department of Geography San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Department of Geography University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet,while others disagree with this *** have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space,showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the ***,these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace,nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real *** fill this gap,this study used massive amounts of social media data(Twitter)to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative *** estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space,the distance decay function of interactions in each space was *** the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social *** how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services,policy advocates,public health officials,and political campaigners.

关键词： First law of geography distance decay Big Data Twitter social media information diffusion