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Combined antibacterial activity of stingless bee(Apis mellipodae)honey and garlic(Allium sativum)extracts against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第9期3卷 725-731页

作者： berhanu andualem Department of Biotechnology Natural and Computational Sciences FacultyUniversity of Gondar

Objective:To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic ***:Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey,garlic and mixture of them against pathogenic bacteria were *** and water were used as positive and negative controls,*** inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial samples were determined using standard ***:Inhibition zone of mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all tested pathogens was significantly(P≤0.05)greater than garlic and tazma honey *** diameter zone of inhibition ranged from(18±1)to(35±1)mm for mixture of garlic and tazma honey,(12±1)to(20±1)nun for tazma honey and(14±1)to(22±1)mm for garlic as compared with(10±1)to(30±1)mm for *** combination of garlic and tazma honey(30-35 mm)was more significantly(P≤0.05)effective against Salmonella(NCTC 8385),Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923),Lyesria moncytogenes(ATCC 19116)and Streptococcus pneumonia(ATCC 63).Results also showed considerable antimicrobial activity of garlic and tazma *** of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25%against total test bacteria was 88.9%.MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at6.25%against Gram positive and negative were 100%and 83.33%,*** bactericidal activities of garlic,tazma honey,and mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all pathogenic bacteria at 6.25%concentration were 66.6%,55.6%and 55.6%,***:This finding strongly supports the claim of the local community to use the combination of tazma honey and garlic for the treatment of different pathogenic bacterial ***,garlic in combination with tazma honey can serve as an alternative natural antimicrobial drug for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial *** in vivo study is recommended to come up with a comprehensive conclusion.

关键词： Garlic Honey Antimicrobial activity Bactericidal activity Inhibition zone Minimum inhibitory concentration Minimum bactericidal concentration

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Production of microbial medium from defatted brebra(Milletia ferruginea)seed flour to substitute commercial peptone agar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第10期3卷 790-797页

作者： berhanu andualem Amare Gessesse Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of Gondar.GondarEthiopiaP.O.Box 196GondarEthiopia Biotechnology Institute Collage of Natural SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective:To investigate and optimize microbial media that substitute peptone agar using brebra seed defatted ***:Defatted *** preparation,evaluation of bacterial growth,preparation of cooked and hydrolyzed media and growth turbidity of tested bacteria were ***:Two percent defatted flour was found to be suitable concentration for the growth of pathogenic bacteria:Escherichia coli(ATCC 25922)(E,coli),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853),Salmonella(NCTC 8385)and Shigella flexneri(ATCC 12022)(***),while 3%defatted flour was suitable for Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923)(***).***(93±1)and ***(524±1)colony count were significantly(P≤0.05)greater in defatted flour without supplement than in supplemented ***[(3.72×10~9±2)CFU/mL],***[(7.4×10~9±2)CFU/mL],***[(4.03×10~9±2)CFU/mL]and Salmonella[(2.37×10~9±1)CFU/mL]in non-hydrolyzed sample were statistically(P≤0.05)greater than hydrolyzed one and commercial peptone *** count of Salmonella[(4.55≤10~9±3)CFU/mL],***[(5.40≤10~9±3)CFU/mL]and Lyesria moncytogenes(ATCC 19116)[(5.4×10~9±3)CFU/mL]on raw defatted flour agar was significantly(P≤0.05)greater than cooked defatted flour and commercial peptone *** of ***,*** and Enterococcus faecalis in non-hydrolyzed defatted flour is highly increased over hydrolyzed defatted flour and commercial peptone ***:The defatted flour agar was found to be better microbial media or comparable with peptone *** substances in it can serve as sources of carbon,nitrogen,vitamins and minerals that are essential to support the growth of microorganisms without any ***,all supplements of peptone agar are very expensive in the market.

关键词： Colony counts Commercial media Defatted flour Microbial media Pathogenic bacteria Peptone agar

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Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients and its relationship with HIV infection,ABO blood groups and life style in a university hospital,Northwest Ethiopia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第12期12卷 1957-1961页

作者： Feleke Moges Afework Kassu Getahun Mengistu Solomon Adugna berhanu andualem Takeshi Nishikawa Fusao Ota Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Gondar College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarEthiopia Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition Institute of Health BiosciencesThe University of TokushimaJapan Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineAddis Ababa UniversityEthiopia Department of Biochemistry Gondar College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarEthiopia Department of Biology Faculty of Applied Science.University of Gondar.Ethiopia Hokkaido University of Education Sapporo CampusDivision of Medicine and NursingJapan

AIM： To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） among dyspeptic patients and to assess the relationship between Hpylori infection, blood group, HIV infection and life style of the patients. METHODS： In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, patients attending Outpatient Department of University of Gondar Hospital were enrolled. Socio-demographic information was collected using questionnaires. Serum was analyzed for anti-H pylori IgG antibodies using a commercial kit. HIV serostatus was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Blood grouping was performed by slide agglutination tests. RESULTS： A total of 215 dyspeptic patients were included in the study. One hundred and sixteen patients （54%） were females and 99 （46%） were males. Anti-H pylori IgG antibodies were detected in sera of 184 （85.6%） patients. The prevalence was significantly higher in patients aged 50 years and above. Twenty point five percent of the patients were found to be seropositive for HIV. No significant association was found between sex, ABO blood groups, consumption of spicy diets, socioeconomic status and seropositivity for Hpylori. However,alcohol consumption was significantly associated with H pylori serology. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of H pylori infection is associated with a history of alcohol intake and older age. The effect of different diet, alcohol and socioeconomic status as risk factors for H pylori infection needs further study.

关键词： Hpylori Blood group HIV Life style

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Combining machine learning,space-time cloud restoration and phenology for farm-level wheat yield prediction

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 208-222页

作者： andualem Aklilu Tesfaye Daniel Osgood Berhane Gessesse Aweke Department of Remote sensing at Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia International Research Institute for Climate and Society Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityUnited States of America Department head of the remote sensing unit at Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia

Though studies showed the potential of high-resolution optical sensors for crop yield prediction,several factors have limited their wider *** main factors are obstruction of cloud,identification of phenology,demand for high computing infrastructure and the complexity of statistical *** this research,we created a novel approach by combining four ***,we implemented the cloud restoration algorithm called gapfill to restore missed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)values derived from Sentinel-2 sensor(S2)due to cloud ***,we created square tiles as a solution for high computing infrastructure demand due to the use of high-resolution ***,we implemented gapfill following critical crop phenology ***,observations from restored images combined with original(from cloud-free images)values and applied for winter wheat *** applied seven base machine learning as well as two groups of super learning *** study successfully applied gapfill on high-resolution image to get good quality estimates for cloudy ***,yield prediction accuracy increased due to the incorporation of restored values in the regression *** models such as Generalized Linear Regression(GLM)and Random Forest(RF)showed improved capacity compared to other base and ensemble *** two models revealed RMSE of 0.001 t/ha and 0.136 t/ha on the holdout *** twomodels also revealed consistent and better performance using scatter plot analysis across three *** approach developed is useful to predict wheat yield at field scale,which is a rarely available but vital in many developmental projects,using optical sensors.

关键词： Cloud restoration Ensemble learning Machine learning Phenology Sentinel-2 Wheat yield prediction

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Application of GIS based analytical hierarchy process and multicriteria decision analysis methods to identify groundwater potential zones in Jedeb Watershed, Ethiopia

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地下水科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 221-236页

作者： Temesgen Mekuriaw Manderso Yitbarek andualem Mekonnen Tadege Aragaw Worku Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Debre Tabor UniversityDebre Tabor Ethiopia

The hydrogeological situation of the study area requires the identification of groundwater *** sensing and satellite data have proven to be reliable tools for understanding various factors that affect groundwater occurrence and *** study employed weighted overlay analysis based on satellite imagery and secondary data to create a thematic map for characterizing groundwater potentials in the study area located within Abbay Basin,*** sensing(RS)and GIS-based Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process methods were utilized to classify groundwater potential(GWP)zones into five categories:Very good,good,moderate,poor,and very *** central and eastern parts of the study area were identified as having high(33.186%)and very high(2.351%)groundwater potentials,while the western part exhibited poor and very poor potential *** groundwater potential map delineated higher and moderate potentials,suitable for installing shallow and production *** research demonstrates the effectiveness of RS and GIS techniques for delineating groundwater potential zones,which can aid in the planning and management of groundwater *** research findings have the potential to contribute to the formulation of improved groundwater management programs in the study area.

关键词： Analytical Hierarchy Process Delineation Groundwater potential zones Jedeb Watershed Remote sensing

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Comparative Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Estimation of Missing Meteorological Variables over Ethiopia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第8期9卷 945-959页

作者： andualem Shigute Boke Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Jimma Institute of Technology Jimma University Jimma Ethio-pia

In developing countries like Ethiopia where there is abundant water resources potential and also luck of reliable meteorological quality data, it expected to face the problem of missing meteorological data. Therefore, in conducting any water resources studies in any river basin for water resource project planning and management (like small scale irrigation), the first step before starting data analysis is to fill up the missing values of the meteorological variables (like rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind speed etc.) which are required to start the study. One way of filling these missing variables is using datasets from other stations in the surrounding and applying appropriate spatial interpolation methods. A lot of studies have been conducted around the world to identify which method is the best to be applied to particular study area among the available spatial interpolation techniques. But when we come to Ethiopia, the study area, few or no studies are conducted to recommend the best performed method. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conduct comparative evaluation of five interpolation techniques Nearest Neighbour (NN), Inverse Distance Weighting Average (IDWA), Modified Inverse Distance Weighting Average (MIDWA), Kriging Method (KM) and Thin Plate Spline (TPS) for estimation of four climatic variables (rainfall, mean temperature, wind speed and sunshine fraction) over complex topography of Ethiopia. Performance assessment is done using Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Relative Error (MRE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE);and the number of the meteorological stations selected for validation is ten (10) and these are distributed over the study area taking into account the variation of elevation ranging from 860 m (Awash) to 2420 m (Debremarkos) above sea level. The radial distances of 100 km and 200 km were selected and it was found that 100 km radial distance was not appropriate to compare all methods as some variables could not b

关键词： Spatial Interpolation Meteorological Variables Comparative Evaluation Ethiopia

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锤状磁性复合胶体粒子α-Fe2O3@SiO2的可控合成

锤状磁性复合胶体粒子α-Fe2O3@SiO2的可控合成

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作者： BEZE andualem ESHETU 哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

本论文采用水热法合成了不同形貌和尺寸的锤状赤铁矿(α-FeO)磁性纳米粒子,以此作为前驱体进行二氧化硅(SiO)半导体生长,最终形成锤状α-FeO@SiO磁性纳米复合粒子。具体研究了合成条件包括试剂的类型及其浓度、反应时间、温度等对水热... 详细信息

本论文采用水热法合成了不同形貌和尺寸的锤状赤铁矿(α-FeO)磁性纳米粒子,以此作为前驱体进行二氧化硅(SiO)半导体生长,最终形成锤状α-FeO@SiO磁性纳米复合粒子。具体研究了合成条件包括试剂的类型及其浓度、反应时间、温度等对水热法制备赤铁矿纳米颗粒形状和尺寸的影响,同时研究了反应时间对合成α-FeO/SiO磁性纳米复合粒子形状控制如硅段长度和宽度的影响。本工作的研究结果为进一步拓展α-FeO磁性复合材料的合成及可应用范围提供了一种高效、简单且可规模化制备的新方法。采用简单的水热法进行α-FeO磁性纳米粒子的化学可控合成,探讨了氢氧化铁(Fe(OH))溶剂浓度、硫酸根阴离子(SO)浓度以及反应时间对α-FeO尺寸和形貌的影响。进一步利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对合成的赤铁矿纳米颗粒进行了表征,实验结果表明:制备得到的α-FeO磁性纳米粒子具有立方体、棒状、椭圆状和花生状等不同的形貌,粒子长度为2～10μm,且随着反应时间的延长,颗粒尺寸逐渐增大。另一方面,探讨了SO阴离子对赤铁矿颗粒的形貌的影响。SO阴离子可以显著改变α-FeO的颗粒形状,溶液混合物中硫酸根离子的含量增加,颗粒逐渐成为等轴颗粒。通过扫描电镜观察可以看出,随着硫酸根离子浓度的增加,颗粒变得拉长,最终获得了花生样形状的颗粒。此外,研究发现合成时间在控制赤铁矿颗粒形态的反应体系中是主要影响因素之一。为了使液相完全转变成固相赤铁矿颗粒,必须要有足够的合成时间(大于8天)。在水热处理条件下改变合成时间时,赤铁矿颗粒的尺寸受到影响。当反应时间从8天增加到10天时,粒径从2μm增加到10μm,因此通过控制合成时间我们可以进行赤铁矿颗粒尺寸的精确调控。本研究证实了合成条件包括试剂的类型及其浓度、反应时间等对水热法制备的赤铁矿纳米颗粒形状和尺寸的影响,通过调控合成条件可以得到预期的磁性赤铁矿粒子。以上述实验合成的α-FeO磁性纳米粒子为前驱体,成功合成了锤状α-FeO@SiO磁性复合纳米粒子。该方法适用于制备金属氧化物,特别是硅氧化物。反应体系中不同温度、不同时间、不同水量、不同晶种量对硅棒的生长有一定影响。此外,对于由同一乳化液滴生长的锤子状胶体粒子,温度的变化可导致锤子状胶体粒子直径的相关变化。在高温反应速率下,硅棒段粒径直径较小为460 nm,长度为500 nm。在较低温度下,复合体系中硅棒段粒径直径大于510 nm,长度小于340 nm。

关键词：水热法赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3) 胶体粒子锤状

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Validation of General Climate Models (GCMs) over Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 65-75页

作者： andualem Shigute Bokke Meron Teferi Taye Patrick Willems Shimelis Asefu Siyoum Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Jimma Institute of Technology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Hydraulics Division Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium

Potential of climate change impact assessment on hydrology and water resources of rivers is increasing from time to time due to its importance for water resources planning and management in the future. In order to carry out climate change impact studies, using General Climate Models (GCM) is a common practice and before using any of these models, it is essential to validate the models for the selected study area. Blue Nile River is one of the most sensitive rivers towards climate change impacts. The main source of Blue Nile River is Lake Tana where the two adjacent tributary rivers, Ribb & Gumera, are located and the main object of this paper is validation of current 15 GCM outputs (IPCC-AR5) over these two rivers using empirical quantile perturbation downscaling technique. The performance of the downscaled outputs of GCMs were evaluated using statistical indicators and graphical techniques for evapotranspiration, rainfall and temperature variables using observed daily meteorological datasets collected from five stations (Addis Zemen, Bahirdar, Debretabor, Woreta and Yifag) for the control period 1971-2000. Analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient of all models for mean monthly (MM) rainfall are 12% - 45%;and the Bias and RMSE -46 mm to +169 mm and 62 mm to 241 mm, respectively. The Bias and RMSE for MM maximum temperature are -2.5°C to +35°C;and 1°C to 35°C whereas for MM minimum temperature -6°C to +22°C and 1.7°C to 23°C, respectively. For the case of MM evapotranspiration, which is estimated using FAO-Penman-Montheith equation, the Bias and RMSE values vary from -35 mm to +10 mm;and +11 mm to +36 mm, respectively. The variation in the performance level of these models indicates that there is high uncertainty in the GCM outputs. Therefore, to use these GCM models for any climate change studies in the basin, careful selection has to be made.

关键词： Blue Nile Downscaling GCM Validation

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Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis in Finger Millet (<i>Elucine coracana</i>L. Gaertn) in Ethiopia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 408-415页

作者： Asfaw Adugna Tesfaye Tesso Erenso Degu Taye Tadesse Feyera Merga Wasihun Legesse Alemu Tirfessa Haileselassie Kidane andualem Wole Chemeda Daba 不详

Finger millet is one of the most neglected and underutilized crops worldwide, yet an important food cereal for millions of poor farmers in Africa. An experiment was carried out to determine adaptation range of diverse set of finger millet accessions and identify superior types with excellent yield potential for use as cultivar or as germplasm source for future breeding endeavors. A total of 44 indigenous accessions selected in previous evaluations and two check varieties were tested in two sets (mixed and colored) each containing 22 entries in a total of 11 environments between 2004 and 2008 seasons. Data were collected on grain yield, days to flowering, and plant height. The result showed that 2.5%, 79.1% and 18.3% of the total sum of squares in the mixed set and 2.1%, 86.9% and 11.0% in the colored set was attributed to genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects, respectively. Furthermore, 54.6% and 46.19% of the GEI sum of squares in the mixed and in the colored set, respectively, were contributed by the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2). A white seed accession (Acc. 203572) from the mixed set and three other accessions (Acc. 229469, Acc. 203410 and Acc. 203539) from the colored set were most stable and also had above average mean grain yield across environment and thus are recommended for release as cultivars to improve finger millet production in these environments.

关键词： AMMI Finger Millet Genotype Environment Stability

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