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Biology and resource acquisition of mistletoes,and the defense responses of host plants

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 332-344页

作者： Meseret Muche A.Muthama Muasya berhanu abraha tsegay Department of Biology Woldia UniversityP.O.Box 400WoldiaEthiopia Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownRonde-bosch 7700South Africa Department of Biology Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Background:Mistletoes are the most successful group of obligatory hemi-parasitic flowering plants that attach to the host via haustorium for obtaining water and *** review aims to assess the current knowledge on mistle-toes host plant recognition,haustorium formation,water/minerals acquisition,and host plants’defense signaling and responses against mistletoe ***:Some mistletoes are host-specific while others are generalists occurring on a wide range of vascular *** host nitrogen(N)content,parasite–host chemical interactions,compatibility,and dispersal agents are the main determinant factors for host *** take up substantial amounts of water and minerals passively via apoplastic routes,and most are xylem feeders,but could shift to phloem-feeding during the physiological stress of the host *** evidence highlighted that cell wall loosening and modification are critical during the development of the haustorium in the host *** is made possible by the application of physical pressures by the developing haustorium and cell wall degradation using enzymes(xyloglucan endotransglycosylases,glucanase,expansins,etc.)produced by the *** plants defend against mistletoe infection mechanically by producing spines,lignin,suberin,etc.,which discourages dispersers,and chemically defend by killing the infector or inhibiting the establishment of the haustorium using their secondary metabolites such as terpenes,phenolics,and N-containing *** the host plants’response to mistletoe attack resembles the response to other biotic stresses,unlike short-term stressors,the effect of mistletoe attack is long-term and depends on the parasite *** by mistletoe leads to water and nutrient stress of the host plant and deteriorates its healthy establishment and ***:Mistletoes are heterogeneous group in the order Santalales which have versatile mechanisms for pollination,seed dispersal and

关键词： Biotic stress Haustorium Host defense Mistletoes Mimicry Resource procurement

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