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The Mechanical and Crystallographic Evolution of Stipa tenacissima Leaves During In-Soil Biodegradation

Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第3期6卷 336-346页

作者： Zakia Khelifi Mohammed Amine Allal Nabil Abou-bekr Said Taibi benoit duchemin Normandy University ULHCNRSLOMC76600 Le HavreFrance University of Tlemcen Lab-EOLEBP 23013000 TlemcenAlgeria

The in-soil biodegradation of Stipa tenacissima(alfa)leaves was ***-linear mechanical testing was performed at various biodegradation *** strength,loading and unloading Young’s moduli and dissipation energy decreased with the burial time,whereas plasticity ***-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)showed that the fracture cracks propagated in the longitudinal direction in the raw material,resulting in a fracture mode consisting of a mixture of middle lamella delamination and fiber *** contrast,the cracks were perpendicular to the stem axis in the biodegraded material,demonstrating an important strength loss of the load-bearing *** strength loss was correlated with rapid cellulose degradation.A novel X-ray diffraction(XRD)model was implemented in order to take into account anisotropic size *** the first time,XRD demonstrated the action of biodegradation on unrefined plant tissues under quasi in-situ *** induced a progressive loss of crystalline cellulose accompanied with anisotropic crystallite thinning.

关键词： Alfa mechanical testing FE-SEM XRD biodegradation

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Water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid region

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 273-282页

作者： Mohamed Hakim Kharrou Salah Er-Raki Ahmed Chehbouni benoit duchemin Vincent Simonneaux Michel LePage Lahcen Ouzine Lionel Jarlan CESBIO Centre des Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère Toulouse France Direction de la Météorologie Nationale Casablanca Maroc FSSM Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Marrakech Morocco LP2M2E Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Marrakech Morocco ORMVAH Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole du Haouz Marrakech Morocco

In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective of crops and their growth stages, for an equitable water supply. An experiment was conducted during the 2004- 2005 season in Haouz irrigated area in Morocco, which objective was i) to evaluate the effects of the surface irrigation scheduling method (existing rule) adopted by the irrigation agency on winter wheat production compared to a full irrigation method and ii) to evaluate drip irrigation versus surface irrigation impacts on water saving and yield of winter wheat. The methodology was based on the FAO-56 dual approach for the surface irrigation scheduling. Ground measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to derive the basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. The simple FAO-56 approach was used for drip irrigation scheduling. For surface irrigation, the existing rule approach resulted in yield and WUE reductions of 22% and 15%, respectively, compared with the optimized irrigation scheduling proposed by the FAO-56 for full irrigation treatment. This revealed the negative effects of the irrigation schedules adopted in irrigation schemes under rotational water supply on crops productivity. It was also demon-strated that drip irrigation applied to wheat was more efficient with 20% of water saving in comparison with surface irrigation (full irrigation treatment). Drip irrigation gives also higher wheat yield compared to surface irrigation (+28% and +52% for full irrigation and existing rule treatments respectively). The same improvement was observed for water use efficiency (+24 and +59% respectively).

关键词： Water Use Efficency Yield Surface and Drip Irrigation FAO-56 Irrigation Scheduling Wheat

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