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Proposal for pathogenesis-based treatment options to reduce calcium oxalate stone recurrence

Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 246-257页

作者： Saeed R.khan benjamin k.canales Department of Pathology Immunologyand Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Urology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Objective:Prevalence of kidney stone disease continues to increase globally with recurrence rates between 30%and 50%despite technological and scientific *** in recurrence would improve patient outcomes and reduce cost and stone *** objective was to review results of experimental studies performed to determine the efficacy of readily available compounds that can be used to prevent ***: All relevant literature up to October 2020,listed in PubMed is ***: Clinical guidelines endorse the use of evidence-based medications,such as alkaline agents and thiazides,to reduce urinary mineral supersaturation and ***,there may be additional steps during stone pathogenesis where medications could moderate stone *** calcium oxalate stones grow attached to Randall’s plaques or *** of clinical and experimental studies suggest involvement of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the formation of both the plaques and *** renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase,mitochondria,and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3(NLRP3)inflammasome have all been implicated at specific steps during stone pathogenesis in animal ***: In addition to supersaturation-reducing therapies,the use of anti-oxidants,free radical scavengers,and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase,NLRP3 inflammasome,and RAAS may prove beneficial for stone *** such as statins and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are already in use as therapeutics for hypertension and cardio-vascular disease and have previously shown to reduce calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in *** clinical evidence for their use in stone prevention in humans is limited,experimental data support they be considered along with standard evidence-based medications and clinical expertise when patients are being counselled for stone prevention.

关键词： kidney stones Calcium oxalate Inflammation Inflammasome Supersaturation Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress

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A nerve-like self-healable conductive wire

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 89-90页

作者： Xuemei Fu benjamin C.k.Tee Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of Singapore

In wearables and robotics, it is often required to deploy electronic devices at different spatially distributed locations for multi-functionality [1–3]. Thus, conductive wires for efficient interconnection of various electronic devices are ***, in practical applications, the frequent motion of wearers and robots will result in high-strain deformations of these wires, which could cause irreparable damage.

关键词： conductive nerve-like self-healable wire

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Intermediate polaronic charge transport in organic crystals from a many-body first-principles approach

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 630-637页

作者： benjamin k.Chang Jin-Jian Zhou Nien-En Lee Marco Bernardi Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA

Charge transport in organic molecular crystals (OMCs) is conventionally categorized into two limiting regimes − band transport,characterized by weak electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions,and charge hopping due to localized polarons formed by strong e-ph ***,between these two limiting cases there is a less well understood intermediate regime where polarons are present but transport does not occur via *** we show a many-body first-principles approach that can accurately predict the carrier mobility in this intermediate regime and shed light on its microscopic *** approach combines a finite-temperature cumulant method to describe strong e-ph interactions with Green-kubo transport *** apply this parameter-free framework to naphthalene crystal,demonstrating electron mobility predictions within a factor of 1.5−2 of experiment between 100 and 300 *** analysis reveals the formation of a broad polaron satellite peak in the electron spectral function and the failure of the Boltzmann equation in the intermediate regime.

关键词： polaron charge limiting

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Social media and schizophrenia:An update on clinical applications

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 897-903页

作者： Lakshan N Fonseka benjamin k P Woo Harvard South Shore–Psychiatry Residency Program Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBrocktonMA 02301United States Chinese American Health Promotion Program Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesOlive View-University of CaliforniaLos Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCA 91104United States

Social media has redesigned the landscape of human interaction,and data obtained through these platforms are promising for schizophrenia diagnosis and *** research shows mounting evidence that machine learning analysis of social media content is capable of not only differentiating schizophrenia patients from healthy controls,but also predicting conversion to psychosis and symptom *** platforms such as Horyzons show promise for improving social functioning and providing timely access to therapeutic *** media is also a considerable means to assess and lessen the stigma surrounding ***,the relevant literature pertaining to social media and its clinical applications in schizophrenia over the past five years are summarized,followed by a discussion centered on user feedback to highlight future *** media provides valuable contributions to a multifaceted digital phenotype that may improve schizophrenia care in the near future.

关键词： Social media Schizophrenia Digital phenotype Facebook YouTube Instagram

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Transport and humification of dissolved organic matter within a semi-arid floodplain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 24-32页

作者： Wenming Dong Jiamin Wan Tetsu k.Tokunaga benjamin Gilbert kenneth H.Williams Earth and Environment Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

In order to understand the transport and humification processes of dissolved organic matter（DOM） within sediments of a semi-arid floodplain at Rifle,Colorado,fluorescence excitation–emission matrix（EEM） spectroscopy,humification index（HIX） and specific UV absorbance（SUVA） at 254 nm were applied for characterizing depth and seasonal variations of DOM *** revealed that late spring snowmelt leached relatively fresh DOM from plant residue and soil organic matter down into the deeper vadose zone（VZ）.More humified DOM is preferentially adsorbed by upper VZ sediments,while non-or lesshumified DOM was transported into the deeper ***,DOM at all depths undergoes rapid biological humification process evidenced by the products of microbial by-product-like（i.e.,tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like） matter in late spring and early summer,particularly in the deeper VZ,resulting in more humified DOM（e.g.,fulvic-acid-like and humic-acid-like substances） at the end of *** indicates that DOM transport is dominated by spring snowmelt,and DOM humification is controlled by microbial degradation,with seasonal *** is expected that these relatively simple spectroscopic measurements（e.g.,EEM spectroscopy,HIX and SUVA） applied to depth-and temporally-distributed pore-water samples can provide useful insights into transport and humification of DOM in other subsurface environments as well.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Transport Humification Semi-arid Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix

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Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome:evaluation,diagnosis,and management

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期14卷 116-120页

作者： Alexander k.C.Leung benjamin Barankin kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The Alberta Children's HospitalThe University of CalgaryCalgary#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Toronto Dermatology Centre TorontoONCanada The Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome(SSSS),also known as Ritter disease,is a potentially life-threatening disorder and a pediatric *** diagnosis and treatment is imperative to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this *** purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the evaluation,diagnosis,and treatment of *** sources A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms"Staphylococcal scalded skin syn-drome"and"Ritter disease".Results SSSS is caused by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus *** of the amino-terminal extracellular domain of desmoglein 1 by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins results in disruption of keratinocytes adhesion and cleavage within the stratum granulosum which leads to bulla *** diagnosis is mainly clinical,based on the findings of tender erythroderma,bullae,and desquamation with a scalded appearance especially in friction zones,periorificial scabs/crusting,positive Nikolsky sign,and absence of mucosal *** empiric treatment with intravenous anti-staphylococcal antibiotic such as nafcillin,oxacillin,or flucloxacillin is essential until cultures are available to guide *** or cefuroxime may be used should the patient have penicillin *** the patient is not improving,critically ill,or in com-munities where the prevalence of methicillin-resistant *** is high,vancomycin should be *** A high index of suspicion is essential for an accurate diagnosis to be made and treatment promptly initiated.

关键词： Blisters Desquamation Erythroderma Exfoliative toxins Staphylococcus aureus

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SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity:the good,the bad,and the"goldilocks"

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 171-183页

作者： benjamin L.Sievers Mark T.k.Cheng kata Csiba Bo Meng Ravindra k.Gupta Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology&Infectious Disease(CITID) Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUk

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of *** about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged *** humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research,and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less ***,we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense *** also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Innate immune response Interferon Cytokines Inflammation Antiviral targets

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Tailoring molecular island shapes:influence of microscopic interaction on mesostructure

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Nano Research 2020年第3期13卷 843-852页

作者： Simon Aeschlimann Lu Lyu benjamin Stadtmuller Martin Aeschlimann Angelika kuhnle Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10-14Mainz55099Germany Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9Mainz55128Germany Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46Kaiserslautern67663Germany Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Erwin-Schrodinger-Straße 46Kaiserslautern67663Germany Physical Chemistry I Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25Bielefeld33615Germany

Controlling the structure formation of molecules on surfaces is fundamental for creating molecular nanostructures with tailored properties and functionalities and relies on tuning the subtle balance between intermolecular and molecule-surface *** far,however,reliable rules of design are largely lacking,preventing the controlled fabrication of self-assembled functional structures on *** addition,while so far many studies focused on varying the molecular building blocks,the impact of systematically adjusting the underlying substrate has been less frequently ***,we elucidate the potential of tailoring the mesoscopic island shape by tuning the interactions at the molecular *** a model system,we have selected the molecule dimolybdenum tetraacetate on three prototypical surfaces,Cu(111),Au(111)and CaF2(111).While providing the same hexagonal geometry,compared to Cu(111),the lattice constants of Au(111)and CaF2(111)differ by a factor of 1.1 and 1.5,*** high-resolution scanning probe microscopy images reveal molecular-level information on the resulting islands and elucidate the molecular-level design principles for the observed mesoscopic island *** study demonstrates the capability to tailor the mesoscopic island shape by exclusively tuning the substrate lattice constant,in spite of the very different electronic structure of the substrates *** work provides insights for developing general design strategies for controlling molecular mesostructures on surfaces.

关键词： scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) self-assembly island shape mesostmcture scanning probe microscopy(SPM) twodimensionBl structures

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3D Seismic Analysis of the Gas Hydrate System and the Fluid Migration Paths in Part of the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第6期16卷 1027-1034页

作者： AkINSANPE Olumuyiwa T. ADEPELUMI Adekunle A. benjamin Uzochukwu k. FALEBITA Dele E. Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220282 Nigeria

Comprehensive qualitative and semi-quantitative seismic analysis was carried out on 3-dimensional seismic data acquired in the deepwater compressional and shale diapiric zone of the Niger Delta Basin using an advanced seismic imaging tool. The main aim of this work is to obtain an understanding of the forming mechanism of the gas hydrate system, and the fluid migration paths associated with this part of the basin. The results showed the presence of pockmarks on the seafloor and bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs) in the field, indicating the active fluid flux and existence of gas hydrate system in the area. In the area of approximately 195 km^2 occupying nearly 24% of the entire study field, three major zones with continuous or discontinuous BSRs of 3 to 7 km in length which are in the northeastern, southern and eastern part of the field respectively were delineated. The BSR is interpreted to be the transition between the free gas zone and the gas hydrate zone. The geologic structures including faults(strike-slip and normal faults), chimneys and diapirs were deduced to be the main conduits for gas migration. It is concluded that the biogenic gases generated in the basin were possibly transported via faults and chimneys by advection processes and subsequently accumulated under low temperature and high pressure conditions in the free gas zone below the BSR forming gas hydrate. A plausible explanation for the presence of the ubiquitous pockmarks of different diameters and sizes in the area is the transportation of the excessive gas to the seafloor through these mapped geologic structures.

关键词： pockmark bottom simulating reflector gas hydrate Niger Delta Basin

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Distribution and Characterization of PM<sub>10</sub>in City and Valley of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第1期6卷 25-33页

作者： Miguel canales-Rodríguez Margarito Quintero-Núnez benjamin Valdés-Salas Walter Daessle-Heuser Departament of Environment Institute of Engineering Autonomous University of Baja California Mexicali México Deparment of Environmental Geosciences Institute of Oceanological Research Autonomous University of Baja California Ensenada Mexico

The variability of the levels of atmospheric particulate matter PM10 and its composition is assessed in the rural and urban zones of Mexicali during fall and winter 2008-2009, using a low level volume Minivol sampler, with quartz and Teflon filters. During fall the Mexican norm was exceeded (120 μg/m3 in 24 hr) in only two occasions, while in winter it was exceeded twelve times. The predominant component in fall was geological material with 62.5% for the rural zone and 48.5% for the urban one. In winter the geological material was also predominant with 65% for the rural zone and 54.4% for the urban zone. The aim of this work is the interpretation of the variability of the atmospheric PM10 particulate matter at two selected zones (urban and rural of Mexicali) during fall and winter, with emphasis on the chemical composition. The results suggest that the pollution in the urban and rural zones has common sources during winter whereas in fall the pollution has different sources.

关键词： Urban Rural Atmosphere Particulate Matter

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