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A Review of the Characteristics and Challenges of Electricity Distribution in Ghana: Case Study of the Northern Electricity Distribution Company

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第11期14卷 615-634页

作者： Nutifafa K. Fiasorgbor Robert Aziz Tia Abdulai Mina Antwi-yeboah ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA) Accra Ghana Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) Ghana Accra Ghana

This paper presents a review of the characteristics and challenges of electricity distribution in Ghana with an emphasis on the Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo) in the northern half of Ghana. NEDCo is used as a case study due to the peculiarity of its geographical area of operation and customer characteristics which better highlights the challenges of electricity distribution in Ghana. NEDCo’s electricity distribution operations cover approximately 64% of the total landmass of Ghana and contain the most deprived communities and consumers, who are extensively dispersed. In addition to the scattered settlements, NEDCo has a predominantly lifeline customer base that pay tariffs below the average cost of service. These peculiarities, together with regulatory complexities, have contributed to many challenges, such as high system losses, high cost of service and poor network reliability, in the electricity distribution sector in Ghana.

关键词： System Losses Electricity Tariffs Regulatory Regime Metering and Billing

MIMICS联合Voxar软件引导治疗空洞型肺结核1例

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介入放射学杂志 2024年第9期33卷 966-967页

作者：龚正 Nanafosu yeboah Shamas Amjsd 陈俊三峡大学呼吸病研究所宜昌市中心人民医院呼吸科湖北宜昌443003

1 临床资料患者,女,41岁,咳嗽2个月,确诊肺结核并口服抗结核药物异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺,2个月后痰及肺泡灌洗液检查示结核杆菌DNA阳性。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音。肺部CT提示左肺下叶背段空洞,较2个月前相仿... 详细信息

1 临床资料患者,女,41岁,咳嗽2个月,确诊肺结核并口服抗结核药物异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺,2个月后痰及肺泡灌洗液检查示结核杆菌DNA阳性。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音。肺部CT提示左肺下叶背段空洞,较2个月前相仿。介入手术过程:患者继续口服抗结核药物治疗,气管镜下行结核空洞内异烟肼灌注治疗;医学影像交互式控制系统(MIMICS)软件三维重建提示背段空洞容积为31.3 mL,医学可视化系统Voxar软件虚拟导航提示为左肺背段C支内侧分支(第5级支气管);给予虚拟导航支气管镜引导,0.3g异烟肼加入5mL利多卡因及15mL0.9%氯化钠溶液(总液体20 mL),导管灌入左肺背段C支外侧分支,术中患者诉轻微背痛及胸闷,无其他不适及并发症。

关键词： MIMICS软件 Voxar软件空洞型肺结核

Application of Pollution Indices in the Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Sediments of River Bonsa, Ghana

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第2期7卷 176-189页

作者： Francis Krampah Samuel yeboah Nyarko Kennedy Danlogo Peter Sanful University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Cranfield University Bedfordshire UK University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Heavy metal contamination of sediments is a major risk to ecological systems and human health. Not only do sediments influence the quality of the water column, but can be transferred to micro biota and fishes, ultimately ending up at higher trophic levels in the food chain though biomagnification. This study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of heavy metals in the sediments of river Bonsa. Ten sediment samples were taken along the river and analyzed for Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data analysis was accomplished by comparing the measured heavy metal concentrations to Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fresh water sediment quality guidelines and by the computation of geo-accumulation indices and enrichment factors. The results show that apart from Ni which had two of its sample concentrations (at BS1 21.167 mg/kg and at BS2 29.374 mg/kg) exceeding the ANZECC lower limit (21 mg/kg) guideline for fresh water sediment, all other heavy metals recorded concentrations below the lower limits of their respective ANZECC standards. Out of the 10 samples analyzed, 7 recorded Mn concentrations above the NOAA ARC TEL. A one-sample t-test also showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr were significantly lower than their respective ANZECC threshold values and Fe concentration was also significantly lower than the NOAA threshold;however, there was no significant difference between Mn mean value and the corresponding NOAA guideline value. The assessment of heavy metal pollution was derived using the Enrichment Factor (EF) and geo-accumulation indices (I-geo). The computed enrichment factors indicated that all the heavy metals except Ni are from natural sources (i.e., EF < 1.5) signifying a degree of heavy metal depl

关键词： Heavy Metals Sediment Enrichment Factor Geo-Accumulation Index Pollution Indices River Bonsa

Distribution and Forage Potential of Some Insect Taxa Sampled with Sweep Nets in the Flood Plains of a Coastal Ramsar Site in Ghana

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第3期4卷 135-144页

作者： Francis Gbogbo Daniel Osei yeboah Maxwell K. Billah Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Legon

Wetland insect communities are an important food source for waterbirds. Yet studies on insect communities in West African coastal wetlands—a major foraging area for wintering waterbirds of the East Atlantic and Mediterranean flyways—are generally limited. This study investigated the forage potential, micro-spatial and temporal distribution of insects swept from air and low vegetation in Sakumo II—a coastal Ramsar site in Ghana. Insects of the families Thripidae, Coccinellidae, Tetrigidae and Acrididae dominated the wetland. Based on prey yield and abundance, Acrididae, Coccinellidae and Tetrigidae appeared to be most promising source of food for waterbirds. Despite the high abundance of Thripidae, their low per capita biomass rendered them a less promising food source particularly to large sized waterbird species. Spatial and temporal abundance and distributions of insects along both the latitudinal and longitudinal axes of the lagoon were non-significant. In recognition of the diversity and abundance of insects on the wetland, there is the need to investigate the disparity in the utilisation of the various taxa by waterbird species.

关键词： Insecta Waterbirds Distribution Forage Biomass

Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Ama B. yeboah Daniel K. Sabbah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

Parental Knowledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at Kath

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Samuel K. Addo Solomon Obiri-yeboah Department of Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.

关键词： Parental Knowledge Tooth Avulsion Pre-Hospital Management Permanent Tooth

The Effect of Indigenous Growth Media on Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev in Ghana

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第5期6卷 89-97页

作者： Edward yeboah Daniel Aninagyei Ofori Theresa Peprah Ramni Harmanjeet Jamnadass Alain Tsobeng CSIR-Soil Research Institute Academy Post Office Kumasi Ghana CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana University Post Office KNUST Kumasi Ghana World Agroforestry Centre Nairobi Kenya World Agroforestry Centre Yaoundé Cameroon

Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. also called vegetable tallow tree provides a variety of non-timber forest products of great importance to rural households including shade, timber, medicine and seed oil but attempts have not been made to improve the tree species and increase its production. Consequently, the species is being threatened due to unsustainable exploitation and poor regeneration and cultivation appears as the only viable option. In order to cultivate the species at meaningful scale, it is necessary to establish the optimum range of environmental factors that influence its propagation and growth. This study was therefore designed to investigate Allanblackia growth parameters and bio-accumulation under different growth media in a greenhouse study. The media were: 1) TS = top soil alone, 2) AB soil = Allanblackia soil alone, 3) TS + H = Top soil alone + humus, 4) AB + TS = Allanblackia soil alone + Top soil alone and 5) SAB = Sterilized Allanblackia soil alone. Each treatment was replicated three times in a complete randomized design. The experiment lasted for 18 months. Results showed that Fe was the micronutrient that accumulated greatest in the plant tissue. Among the treatments, Allanblackia soil showed the highest accumulation of Zn in the plant tissue with the top soil showing the least (7.67 mg·kg-l). Humus contributed largely to the bio-accumulation of Cu in the plant tissue. Bio-accumulation of manganese in the plant tissue ranged from 13.30 mg·kg-l to 207 mg·kg-l suggesting difference in manganese absorption by Allanblackia as influenced by the treatments. The growth parameters of Allanblackia parviflory were impacted differently by the growth media. The result was however controversial since no differences were found between growth of seedlings in sterilized Allanblackia soil and Allanblackia soil.

关键词： Allanblackia Bio-Accumulation Growth Media Mycorrhiza

Occupational Health and Safety Hazards Experienced by Healthcare Workers at Two Hospitals in Suyani, Bono Region, Ghana

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2023年第2期11卷 122-136页

作者： Samuel Yaw Opoku Carlos yeboah Sabina Ampon-Wireko Richard Kwasi Hinneh School of Public Health and Allied Sciences Catholic University of Ghana Sunyani Ghana School of Nursing and Midwifery Catholic University of Ghana Sunyani Ghana

INTRODUCTION Occupational safety and health (OSH) is generally the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace. The study sought to assess and evaluate occupational health and safety hazards experienced among health workers in the Bono region of Ghana. METHODOLOGY The study was descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was from two hundred (200) health workers and was analyzed using the binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The findings from the study show that risk factors associated with biological hazards were clinical staff [OR = 2.487 (1.146 - 5.397), p = 0.021], poor maintenance of hospital items [OR = 0.446 (0.240 - 0.831), p = 0.011], assault (verbal) abuse [OR = 2.581 (1.317 - 5.059), p = 0.006] and extreme pressure from work [OR = 2.975 (1.519 - 5.829), p = 0.001]. Non-biological hazards were associated with being single [OR = 0.499 (0.263 - 0.947), p = 0.034], being verbally assaulted [OR = 3.581 (1.865 - 6.876), p CONCLUSION Risk factors related with biological hazards include poor maintenance of hospital items and extreme pressure from work whereas non-biological hazards were associated with being single, being verbally assaulted. Clinical healthcare providers are more vulnerable to occupational health and safety hazards. The study recommends the provision of strategic policies to promote and protect the workers’ health based on the development of the epidemiological profile of health, needs to be readjusted and strengthened.

关键词： Occupational Health and Safety Healthcare Hazards Biological Hazards Non-Biological Hazards Nurses Safety Hospital Hazards

Genotypic Effect of Rootstock and Scion on Grafting Success and Growth of Kola (Cola nitida) Seedlings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3873-3879页

作者： Abu Mustapha Dadzie Abraham Akpertey Julius yeboah Stephen Yaw Opoku Atta Ofori Samuel Lowor Richard Ackyeampong Patricia Adu- yeboah Mercy Asamoah Frank Manu Amoah Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana

Kola (Cola nitida) is an important economic cash crop for many West and Central African countries. It has several medicinal uses in the pharmaceutical industries and also plays a major role in traditional marriages among Islamic communities across West and Central Africa. The crop is extensively cultivated in Nigeria and Ghana. However, it exhibit signs of total and partial sterility as well as self incompatibility when propagated from seeds in most cases. Therefore, grafting is seen as a method of choice in addressing the problem stated above. Though grafting accounts for some degree of success, there is the need to assess genotypic and physiological factors that account for high or low grafting success. Genetic and physiological factors (such as rootstock age) affecting grafting success and growth in kola (C. nitida) were investigated in two separate experiments. In experiment I720 kola seedlings were raised from unselected kola nuts and sown at two monthly intervals. Four groups of seedlings (180/group) i.e. 6, 8, 10 and 12 months old were thus produced. Three different scions (A1, A12 and JB1) measuring (5-10 cm) were grafted onto the four age groups of rootstocks, namely, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. Experiment II consisted of 540 seedlings raised from three main crosses (JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B1/142 × B1/151, JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B2/177 × B2/156 and JX1/9 × JX1/11 * GX1/46 × GX1/53). Grafting was done after six months using the same set of scions as described in experiment I. Experimental design used was 3 × 4 and 3 × 3 factorial designs in completely randomised design with three replicates for experiment I and II respectively. The fixed effects were the different genotype and age of rootstock at grafting whilst the response variable was the percentage of successful grafting two months as well as growth at six monthly intervals. Results from the study showed that grafting onto 6 months old stocks gave the highest percentage success and growth of grafts followed by 8, 10 and

关键词： Kola Rootstock Scion Genotype