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Hybridization and the species problem.in conservation

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： benjamin m. fitzpatrick m.ureen E. RYAN Jarrett R. JOHNSON Joel CORUSH Evin T. CARTER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology Departm.nt Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

m.st biologists recognize the ＂species phenom.non＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. m.ny conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and som.tim.s disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonom.c species rem.nds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a m.del that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Developm.nt of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision m.kers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem.in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-m.kers m.re than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to em.hasize that the goals and prem.ses of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Som.tim.s legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate m.del for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations m.ans choosing from.a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we m.st recognize their lim.tations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification Delim.tation

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Analysis of synthetic param.ters for coating alum.num.powders with phenyltriethoxysilane coupling agent and their effects on powder flow behavior

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 412-417页

作者： Lillian m.m.wby Bellam.rie Ludwig benjamin J.Lear Departm.nt of Chem.stry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Applied Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Though silanization of alum.num.powder is currently used to im.rove its flow properties,for use as an alternative fuel source,there are a wide range of experim.ntal param.ters for the process and not all of them.have been thoroughly *** this is com.lete,it is unknown if the process is optim.zed in term. of tim.,efficiency,and ***,we report on a study into the effects of changes in hum.dity,degree of agitation,reaction tem.erature,and curing tim. upon the deposition of phenyl triethoxysilane into 20μm.d50)alum.num.*** confirm.the deposition of the coating via diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron *** then characterize the coated particles using apparent density m.asurem.nts and Carney flow *** analysis of variance,we find that,of the param.ters explored,only changes in cure tim. and reaction tem.erature provide m.aningful changes to the apparent density,while none of our param.ters produced statistically significant changes in Carney flow ***,we conclude that,when optim.zing silanization of alum.num.particles,environm.ntal control of hum.dity is unneeded and that the reaction can be run with m.nim.l *** ability to largely ignore these param.ters is a benefit to large-scale processing.

关键词： Alum.num.powder Silane Fluidization Apparent density Carney flow

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CO_(2)capture costs of chem.cal looping com.ustion of biom.ss:A com.arison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak m.rtin Ham.erschm.d Josef Fuchs Stefan m.ller Herm.nn Hofbauer Institute of Chem.cal Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies Gm.H Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chem.cal looping com.ustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atm.spheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and m.tigate clim.te *** this process,a m.tal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via com.ustion of *** com.only,natural ores or synthetic m.terials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both m.st m.et special requirem.nts for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determ.ne the viability of both possibilities,a techno-econom.c com.arison of a synthetic m.terial based on m.nganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilm.nite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high com.ustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-econom.c assessm.nt resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high im.act of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** com.arison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is dem.nstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by im.lem.nting the chem.cal looping com.ustion technology.

关键词： Chem.cal looping com.ustion BECCS Techno-econom.c assessm.nt CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier developm.nt Synthetic m.terials Ilm.nite

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m.m.-actuated terahertz m.tam.terials driven by phase-transition m.terials

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 23-32页

作者： Zhixiang Huang Weipeng Wu Eric Herrm.nn Ke m. Zizwe A.Chase Thom.s A.Searles m.benjamin Jungfleisch Xi Wang Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

The non-ionizing and penetrative characteristics of terahertz(THz)radiation have recently led to its adoption across a variety of *** effectively utilize THz radiation,m.dulators with precise control are *** m.st recent THz m.dulators m.nipulate the am.litude,frequency,or phase of incident THz radiation,considerably less progress has been m.de toward THz polarization *** m.thods for polarization control suffer from.high driving voltages,restricted m.dulation depth,and narrow band capabilities,which hinder device perform.nce and broader ***,an ideal THz m.dulator that offers high m.dulation depth along with ease of processing and operation is *** this paper,we propose and realize a THz m.tam.terial com.rised of m.croelectrom.chanical system.(m.m.)actuated by the phase-transition m.terial vanadium.dioxide(VO_(2)).Sim.lation and experim.ntal results of the three-dim.nsional m.tam.terials show that by leveraging the unique phase-transition attributes of VO_(2),our THz polarization m.dulator offers notable advancem.nts over existing designs,including broad operation spectrum.high m.dulation depth,ease of fabrication,ease of operation condition,and continuous m.dulation *** enhanced features m.ke the system.a viable candidate for a range of THz applications,including telecom.unications,im.ging,and radar system..

关键词： m.tam.terials m.m. THz VO_(2) Phase-transition m.terial

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Developm.nt,validation,and transportability of several m.chine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2m.x)prediction m.dels for older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： benjamin T.Schum.cher m.chael J.Lam.nte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor m.Sim.nsick Steven P.Hooker Hum.erto Parada Jr. John Bellettiere Arun Kum.r Herbert Wertheim.School of Public Health and Hum.n Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Environm.ntal Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Hum.n Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego m.ores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Com.uter Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few m.xim.l oxygen uptake(VO_(2m.x))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using m.chine learning(m.),and none specifically for older *** direct m.asurem.nt of VO_(2m.x)is infeasible in large epidem.ologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,com.are,and assess the transportability of several m. VO_(2m.x)prediction ***:The Baltim.re Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(m.x)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extrem. gradient boosting,random.forest,and support vector m.chine(SVm.algorithm. were trained to predict VO_(2m.x)*** developed these algorithm. for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables com.on in aging ***,we quantified the associations between m.asured and predicted VO_(2m.x)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(m.an±SD)and the m.asured VO_(2m.x)was 21.6±5.9 m./kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extrem. gradient boosting,random.forest,and support vector m.chine yielded root m.an squared errors of 3.4 m./kg/m.n,3.6 m./kg/m.n,3.4 m./kg/m.n,3.6 m./kg/m.n,and 3.5 m./kg/m.n,*** quartiles of m.asured VO_(2m.x)showed an inverse gradient in m.rtality *** VO_(2m.x)variables yielded sim.lar effect estim.tes but were not robust to ***:m.asured VO_(2m.x)is a strong predictor of *** m. can im.rove the accuracy of prediction as com.ared to sim.ler approaches but estim.tes of association with m.rtality rem.in sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2m.x),an im.ortant vital sign,can be m.re broadly studied as a m.difiable target for prom.ting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithm. Epidem.ology m.rtality

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Prediction of soil organic carbon stock com.ining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 im.ges in the Zoige Plateau, the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 165-176页

作者： Junjie Lei Changli Zeng Lv Zhang Xiaogang Wang Chanhua m. Tao Zhou benjamin Laffitte Ke Luo Zhihan Yang Xiaolu Tang State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironm.nt Protection Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan Academ. of Geological Survey Sichuan Institute of Nuclear Geological Survey College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of Technology Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory

Background Soil organic carbon（SOC） is a critical com.onent of the global carbon cycle, and an accurate estim.te of regional SOC stock（SOCS） would significantly im.rove our understanding of SOC sequestration and cycles. Zoige Plateau, locating in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has the largest alpine m.rsh wetland worldwide and exhibits a high sensitivity to clim.te fluctuations. Despite an increasing use of optical rem.te sensing in predicting regional SOCS, optical rem.te sensing has obvious lim.tations in the Zoige Plateau due to highly cloudy weather, and knowledge of on the spatial patterns of SOCS is lim.ted. Therefore, in the current study, the spatial distributions of SOCS within 100 cm.were predicted using an XGBoost m.del—a m.chine learning approach, by integrating Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and field observations in the Zoige *** The results showed that SOC content exhibited vertical distribution patterns within 100 cm. with the highest SOC content in topsoil. The tenfold cross-validation approach showed that XGBoost m.del satisfactorily predicted the spatial patterns of SOCS with a m.del efficiency of 0.59 and a root m.an standard error of 95.2 m. ha-1. Predicted SOCS showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Zoige Plateau, with an average of 355.7 ± 123.1 m. ha-1within 100 cm.and totaled 0.27 × 10～9 m. *** High SOC content in topsoil highlights the high risks of significant carbon loss from.topsoil due to hum.n activities in the Zoige Plateau. Com.ining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satisfactorily predicted SOCS using the XGBoost m.del, which dem.nstrates the im.ortance of selecting m.deling approaches and satellite im.ges to im.rove efficiency in predicting SOCS distribution at a fine spatial resolution of 10 m. Furtherm.re, the study em.hasizes the potential of radar（Sentinel-1） in developing SOCS m.pping, with the newly developed fine-resolution m.pping having im.ortant applications in land m.nagem.nt, ecological resto

关键词： SOC Vegetation index Texture XGBoost Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2

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Three-dim.nsional analysis of age and sex differences in fem.ral head asphericity in asym.tom.tic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： m.had m.Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jim.nez benjamin Kuhns Charles F m.tchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A m.ranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim.Ata m.Kiapour Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Departm.nt of Biom.chanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the fem.ral head is a m.tric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the developm.nt of osteoarthritis and fem.ral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dim.nsional asphericity of the fem.ral head of asym.tom.tic pediatric *** hypothesized that fem.ral head asphericity will vary significantly between m.le and fem.le pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Com.uted tom.graphy scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from.a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%m.le)without hip *** fem.ral m.asurem.nts including the fem.ral head diam.ter,fem.ral head volum.,residual volum.,asphericity index,and local diam.ter difference were used to evaluate fem.ral head *** In both sexes,the residual volum. increased by age(Pm.ller fem.ral head size in older ages(>13 years)in fem.les,there were no sex-differences in residual volum. and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in m.an diam.ter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(m.xim.m.diam.ter difference)across whole surface of the fem.ral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in m.les(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in m.xim.m.diam.ter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased m.an diam.ter difference across overall surface of the fem.ral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asym.tom.tic hips which increases with age *** 2D m.asured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the fem.ral head,it m.y not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Fem.ral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences

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Seasonal com.ensation im.lied no weakening of the land carbon sink in the Northern Hem.sphere under the 2015/2016 El Niño

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 281-294页

作者： Fangzhong SHI Xiuchen WU Xiaoyan LI Philippe CIAIS Hongyan LIU Chao YUE Yuting YANG Shulei ZHANG Shushi PENG Yi YIN benjamin POULTER Deliang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China Research and Developm.nt Center for Watershed Environm.ntal Eco-Engineering Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519085China Laboratoire des Sciences du Clim.t et de l’Environnem.nt(LSCE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQUMR821291191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Urban and Environm.ntal Science MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Southern m.rine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA 91125USA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Regional Clim.te Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg SE-40530Sweden

The recurrent extrem. El Niño events are com.only linked to reduced vegetation growth and the land carbon sink over m.ny but discrete regions of the Northern Hem.sphere(NH).However,we reported here a pervasive and continuous vegetation greening and no weakened land carbon sink in the m.turation phase of the 2015/2016 El Niño event over the NH(m.inly in the extra-tropics),based on m.ltiple evidences from.rem.te sensing observations,global ecosystem.m.del sim.lations and atm.spheric CO_(2)*** discovered a significant com.ensation effect of the enhanced vegetation growth in spring on subsequent sum.er/autum. vegetation growth that sustained vegetation greening and led to a slight increase in the land carbon sink over the spring and sum.er of 2015(average increases of 23.34%and 0.63%in net ecosystem.exchange from.two independent datasets relative to a 5-years average before the El Niño event,respectively)and spring of 2016(6.82%),especially in the extra-tropics of the NH,where the water supply during the pre-growing-season(Novem.er of the previous year to m.rch of the current year)had a positive *** seasonal com.ensation effect was m.ch stronger than that in 1997 and 1998 and significantly alleviated the adverse im.acts of the 2015/2016 El Niño event on vegetation growth during its m.turation *** legacy effect of water supply during the pre-growing-season on subsequent vegetation growth lasted up to approxim.tely six *** findings highlight the role of seasonal com.ensation effects on m.diating the land carbon sink in response to episodic extrem. El Niño events.

关键词： El Niño Seasonal com.ensation effect Vegetation greening Land carbon sink Net ecosystem.exchange Legacy effect

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m.rrorless m.m. im.ging:a nonlinear vibrational approach utilizing aerosol-jetted PZT-actuated fiber m.m. scanner for m.croscale illum.nation

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 175-192页

作者： Wei-Chih Wang m.ng-Yao Li Kuan-Chang Peng Yi-Feng Hsu benjamin Estroff Pao-Yun Yen David Schipf Wen-Jong Wu Departm.nt of Power m.chanical Engineering National Tsing Hua UniversityNo.101Section 2Kuang-Fu RoadHsinchuTaiwan 30013China Institute of NanoEngineering and m.crosystem. National Tsing Hua UniversityNo.101Section 2Kuang-Fu RoadHsinchuTaiwan 30013China Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Departm.nt of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering National Taiwan UniversityTaiwanChina

This study introduces a novel im.ge capture and lighting techniques using a cutting-edge hybrid m.m. scanner system.designed for com.act m.croscopic *** scanner com.rises a tapered optical fiber waveguide and innovative aerosol-jet printed PZT(lead zirconate titanate)bim.rph push-pull actuators on a stainless-steel substrate,effectively addressing issues that are com.only associated with PZT on silicon substrates such as fracture and layer *** leveraging nonlinear vibration,the scanner achieves a spiral scan pattern from.a single signal input,in addition to the expected two-dim.nsional scanning and target illum.nation from.two phase-shifted *** capability is further enhanced by a novel process to taper the optical fiber,which reduces illum.nation scattering and tunes the fiber to the resonant frequencies of the *** precisely tapered tip enables large fields of view while m.intaining independent 2-axis scanning through one-degree-of-freedom.*** validation showcases the successful generation of a spiral scan pattern with a 60μm.diam.ter scan area and a 10 Hz fram. rate,effectively reconstructing scanned im.ges of 5μm.lines,cross patterns(15μm.in length with a 5μm.gap),and structures of a Psychodidae wing.

关键词： steel fiber scanner

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The Im.act of the Energy Transition and Sustainable Developm.nt Goals on m.neral Resource Availability in Africa

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Sm.rt Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第7期15卷 149-185页

作者： benjamin Kolie Aym.n Elshkaki Geoffrey Sunahara Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academic of Science Beijing China University of the Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessm.nt for Resource and Environm.nt Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing China Departm.nt of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue Canada

Understanding and predicting the im.act of the global energy transition and the United Nations Sustainable Developm.nt Goals (SDGs) on global m.neral dem.nd and African supply is challenging. This study uses a resource nexus approach to investigate and analyze the im.act of this transition on energy and water dem.nd and CO2 em.ssions using three annual m.terial dem.nd scenarios. The results indicate that African m.ning will consum. m.re energy by 2050, leading to an increase in cum.lative dem.nd for energy (from.98 to 14,577 TWh) and water (from.15,013 to 223,000 m.llion m.), as well as CO2 em.ssions (1318 and 19,561 Gg CO2e). In contrast, only a m.dest increase in energy dem.nd (207 TWh) will be required by 2050 to achieve the SDGs. Therefore, the African m.ning industry should reduce its energy consum.tion and invest m.re in the renewable energy sector to support the global energy transition.

关键词： m.neral-Energy Nexus Clim.te Change SDGs African m.ning Industries Energy Transition

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