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The role of super-spreaders in modeling of SARS-CoV-2

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 778-794页

作者： françois Rousse Marcus Carlsson MagnusÖgren benjamin Kalischer Wellander School of Science and Technology Örebro University70182ÖrebroSweden Centre for Mathematical Sciences Lund UniversityBox 11822100LundSweden Hellenic Mediterranean University P.O.Box 1939GR-71004HeraklionGreece Centrum för forskning och utveckling(CfUG)Region Gävleborg Sweden

In stochastic modeling of infectious diseases,it has been established that variations in infectivity affect the probability of a major outbreak,but not the shape of the curves during a major outbreak,which is predicted by deterministic models(Diekmann et al.,2012).However,such conclusions are derived under idealized assumptions such as the population size tending to infinity,and the individual degree of infectivity only depending on variations in the infectiousness *** this paper we show that the same conclusions hold true in a finite population representing a medium size city,where the degree of infectivity is determined by the offspring distribution,which we try to make as realistic as possible for *** particular,we consider distributions with fat tails,to incorporate the existence of *** also provide new theoretical results on convergence of stochastic models which allows to incorporate any offspring distribution with a finite variance.

关键词： COVID-19 Compartmental models SEIR SIR Offspring distribution for SARS-CoV-2

Non-transgenic Plant Genome Editing Using Purified Sequence-Specific Nucleases

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Molecular Plant 2015年第9期8卷 1425-1427页

作者： Song Luo Jin Li Thomas J. Stoddard Nicholas J. Baltes Zachary L. Demorest benjamin M. Clasen Andrew Coffman Adam Retterath Luc Mathis Daniel f. Voytas feng Zhang Cellectis Plant Sciences 600 County Road D West Suite 8 New Brighton MN 55112 USA

Dear Editor Sequence-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases, meganucleases, TAL effector nucleases （TALENs）, and CRISPR/ Cas systems, have been used to introduce targeted mutations in a wide range of plant species （Voytas, 2013; Baltes and Voytas, 2015）. However, delivery of these nucleases using traditional transformation methods （e.g., particle bombardment, Agrobacterium or protoplast transformation） may result in undesired genetic alterations due to random insertion of nucleaseencoding DNA into the host genome. Random integration of DNA is a particular concern for trait improvement and gene function studies, because it may lead to unintended gene inactivation or it may alter expression of host genes. furthermore, for crop varieties created using biotechnology, the presence of foreign DNA is a trigger for regulation by many governmental agencies （Voytas and Gao, 2014）. Therefore, methods to modify plant genomes that do not require DNA delivery would have value in both commercial and academic settings. Here we demonstrate nontransgenic plant genome engineering by introducing sequencespecific nucleases as purified protein. This approach enabled targeted mutagenesis of endogenous sequences within plant cells, while avoiding integration of foreign DNA into the genome.

关键词： Non-transgenic Plant Genome

Lubiprostone vs Senna in postoperative orthopedic surgery patients with opioid-induced constipation:A double-blind,active-comparator trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16323-16333页

作者： Christina M Marciniak Santiago Toledo Jungwhalia Lee Michael Jesselson Jillian Bateman benjamin Grover Joy Tierny Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States University of Chicago Medical Center ChicagoIL 60637United States The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago ChicagoIL 60611United States Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine ChicagoIL 60515United States

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of lubiprostone compared to Senna on bowel symptoms and constipation in post-operative orthopedic patients treated with opioids.

关键词： Constipation Opioids Lubiprostone Senna Orthopedics Rehabilitation

使用GRACE数据的地震高风险区可视化标识方法

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测绘地理信息 2019年第1期44卷 56-58页

作者：张晓倩蔡忠亮周慧吴子豪 f.benjamin Zhan 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院湖北武汉430079 德克萨斯州立大学国家地理信息科学中心美国圣马科斯78666

利用GRACE时变重力场数据,根据强震发生之前的重力变化异常规律,结合GIS强大的空间分析和地理信息可视化,确定了一种多危险级别的地震高风险区标识方法。其主要包括提取重力变化零等值线、提取重力变化高梯度区、识别高发震率的断层、... 详细信息

利用GRACE时变重力场数据,根据强震发生之前的重力变化异常规律,结合GIS强大的空间分析和地理信息可视化,确定了一种多危险级别的地震高风险区标识方法。其主要包括提取重力变化零等值线、提取重力变化高梯度区、识别高发震率的断层、不同危险级别的地震高风险区标识等4个步骤。并使用2015年全球震级6.0以上的地震对标识结果进行检验,发现使用5年时间尺度的重力变化异常数据,生成地震高风险标识图,来预测最接近重力变化时间的地震发生情况,预测的准确率最高。

关键词： GRACE数据重力变化异常地震高风险区

Mon enfant,mon idole Aux chiméres de macarriére,j'ai préféré monfils

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法语国家与地区研究 2003年第2期 60-64页

作者：ＢｅｎｊａｍｉｎＳｔｅｉｎ

Evaluation of Size Structure in freshwater Cyanobacterial Populations: Methods to Quantify Risk Associated with Changes in Biomass and Microcystin Concentrations

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第6期11卷 810-829页

作者： Nancy J. Leland James f. Haney Kristin Conte Karen Malkus-benjamin Bryan Horsely Lim-Tex North Andover MA USA Department of Zoology University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA Manchester Water Works Manchester NH USA Town of Barnstable Barnstable MA USA Association to Preserve Cape Cod Dennis MA USA

Cyanobacterial populations in surface waters, including drinking water supplies and recreational waters, represent an ever present challenge for resource managers. As communities continuously respond to external and internal processes, dynamic profiles of composition, dominance, growth and toxigenicity emerge. In this study measures of size structure and biomass, quantified using light microscopy and fluorometry, were used to estimate microcystin concentrations through linear regression analysis. Toxigenic profiles using cyanobacterial biomass were developed for lakes dominated by Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum spp., influenced by both genus-specific pigment concentrations as well as microcystin concentrations. Community composition (Log %MIC) and biomass were used to describe microcystin concentrations in mixed assemblages, where composition was the first input variable. The accessory photopigment phycocyanin was used to describe the linear relationship between the daily growth and net microcystin production rates in the bloom-forming Microcystis spp. samples, suggesting that this size-fractionated sample may provide indications of potential toxigenicity in the whole lake water sample. future investigations using fluorometric evaluation of cyanobacterial populations could provide additional applications and metrics for use by resource managers to quantify risk association with elevated cyanotoxin concentrations.

关键词： Microcystis Dolichospermum Phycocyanin Microcystins Growth Rates

Investigation of confocal microscopy for differentiation of renal cell carcinoma versus benign *** an optical biopsy be performed?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第4期7卷 363-368页

作者： Michael C.Phung Andrew R.Rouse Jayce Pangilinan Robert C.Bell Erika R.Bracamonte Sharfuddeen Mashi Arthur f.Gmitro benjamin R.Lee Department of Urology University of Arizona College of MedicineArizonaUSA Department of Medical Imaging University of Arizona College of MedicineArizonaUSA Department of Pathology University of Arizona College of MedicineArizonaUSA Ringgold Standard Institution Aminu Kano Teaching HospitalKanoNigeria Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona College of MedicineArizonaUSA

Objective:Novel optical imaging modalities are under development with the goal of obtaining an“optical biopsy”to efficiently provide pathologic *** such modality is confocal microscopy which allows in situ visualization of cells within a layer of tissue and imaging of cellular-level *** goal of this study is to validate the ability of confocal microscopy to quickly and accurately differentiate between normal renal tissue and ***:Specimens were obtained from patients who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy for renal *** of suspected normal and tumor tissue were extracted from the excised portion of the kidney and stained with acridine *** stained samples were imaged on a Nikon E600 C1 Confocal *** samples were then submitted for hematoxylin and eosin processing and read by an expert pathologist to provide a gold-standard diagnosis that can later be compared to the confocal ***:This study included 11 patients,17 tissue samples,and 118 confocal *** the 17 tissue samples,10 had a gold-standard diagnosis of cancer and seven were *** 118 confocal images,66 had a gold-standard diagnosis of cancer and 52 were *** confocal images were used as a training set to train eight *** observers were asked to rate the test images on a six point scale and the results were analyzed using a web based receiver operating characteristic curve *** average accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and area under the empirical receiver operating characteristic curve for this study were 91%,98%,81%,and 0.94 ***:This preliminary study suggest that confocal microscopy can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissue with high sensitivity and *** observers in this study were trained quickly and on only six *** expect even higher performance as observers become more familiar with the confocal images.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Confocal microscopy Optical biopsy

Improvements to female Autonomy and Household Decision-Making Power from an Intervention Targeting Improved food Security: A Gender-Based Analysis of the Rajasthan Nutrition Project

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Health 2021年第2期13卷 188-203页

作者： Lindsay M. Belvedere Siena f. Davis Bobbi L. Gray benjamin T. Crookston Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo UT USA Grameen foundation Washington USA

In India, women and children continue to experience food insecurity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the Rajasthan Nutrition Project (RNP) led to changes in 1) dietary habits and nutrition, and 2) indicators of gender equality, female autonomy, and empowerment. This study surveyed women belonging to self-help groups who were pregnant or who had young children. Over the course of the intervention, significant improvements were seen in the following indicators: breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusively breastfeeding for the first six months, food insecurity of children and mothers, household decision-making, communication, mobility, and domestic violence. These findings suggest that the RNP is a promising intervention for improving nutrition and female autonomy in Rajasthan, India. Additional research is needed to determine if the RNP would be equally as effective in other regions of India, or in populations outside of India.

关键词： India Rajasthan female Autonomy food Security Maternal and Child Health

Oxidized palm oil impairs reproductive functions and architectures in female rats

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第4期12卷 182-193页

作者： Wankeu-Nya Modeste Kengne Inès T Ateba benjamin S Bend fortune E Djeumeni Ornela N HathoDominique T Ngadjui E Moundipa Paul f Massoma DieudonnéL Dongmo Alain B Watcho Pierre Department of Animal Organisms Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon

Objective:To evaluate the effects of three oxidized palm oil diets(OPD)on female rat reproductive ***:forty-four female Wistar rats presenting five consecutive and regular estrous cycles were divided into 4 *** rats were fed with:a standard diet,70%of standard diet+30%oxidized palm oil diet(OPD1),OPD1+5 g of boiled yolk egg(OPD2)and OPD1+10%sucrose(OPD3)for 125 days,*** the feeding period,morphometric,estrous cycle,sexual behavior,gestation,biochemical and histomorphometric parameters were ***:All OPDs significantly increased abdominal circumference,body mass index and Lee index coupled to an irregularity and lengthening of the estrous *** significantly decreased appetite and consumption behaviours,quantic pregnancy index,fertility rate,implantation sites and index,serum progesterone and high-density lipoprotein levels,increased pre-implantation losses,anti-implantation activities,serum estradiol,triglycerides,total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels,and impaired brain and ovaries oxidative *** examinations revealed increases in the number of atresic and primary follicles and decreases in secondary,tertiary,Degraaf,total and corpus luteum follicles in ovaries coupled to a neurodegeneration of hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular neurons in the OPD groups compared to the standard diet ***:The three OPDs induce obesity and impair the female reproductive function,especially OPD2 and *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of palm oil bleaching on the reproductive function in female rats,which could be useful in the management of women with obesity-related sexual dysfunction.

关键词： Bleached palm oil Reproductive function Anteroventral periventricular nucleus Ovary Estrogen Progesterone female rat