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Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram Kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh Poudel Prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman Ajit Kumar Karna basu dev pandey Chuman Lal Das Krishna Prasad Paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria Program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the *** cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case *** operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt *** Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh Province(40%national cases)and Lumbini Province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati *** detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini Provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati Provinces of *** case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were *** New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population ***,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NPR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NPR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NPR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(PB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,*** leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus PB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly d

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal

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Knowledge and prevention measures against dengue in southern Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第12期 998-1001页

作者： Biswas Neupane Komal Raj Rijal Megha Raj Banjara basu dev pandey Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurNepal Everest International Clinic and Research Center KathmanduNepal

Objective:To ascertain the knowledge and prevention measures against dengue among selected adult population in southern ***:A cross sectional study was conducted in Rapti Zonal Hospital,Dang and Bharatpur Hospital,Chitwan during August-November,2011.A total of 212 patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge and practices about dengue *** samples were collected and investigated for the presence of anti-dengue IgM antibodies by ***:Data from 156 patients greater than 15 years were *** them,21 samples were found to possess anti-dengue IgM antibodies by ***,economically active people,farmers,unemployed and housewives were more frequently affected by *** the total,118(76%)were reported to know the disease ***,headache and myalgia were the most known symptoms and house drains and kitchen garden were known as the most common breeding sites of *** disposal,use of mosquito nets and covering water containers were the best known preventive ***:The overall knowledge of dengue was high,but females,old persons,unemployed and housewives had relatively little knowledge of ***,these groups may need special attention in future dengue education *** with knowledge of the disease more frequently reported the use of preventive measures,indicating the value of education programs as a tool in dengue prevention.

关键词： Dengue Knowledge Practices Prevention

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Threats of Zika virus transmission for Asia and its Hindu-Kush Himalayan region

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 387-393页

作者： Meghnath Dhimal Sushma Dahal Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal Shiva Raj Mishra Khem BKarki Krishna Kumar Aryal Ubydul Haque Md Iqbal Kabir Pradeep Guin Azeem Mehmood Butt Harapan Harapan Qi-Yong Liu Cordia Chu Doreen Montag David Alexander Groneberg basu dev pandey Ulrich Kuch Ruth Muller Nepal Health Research Council(NHRC) Ramshah PathKathmanduNepal Institute of Occupational edicine Social Medicine and Environmental MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany Faculty of Social Sciences Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany The University of Queensland BrisbaneAustralia Department of Public Health Baldwin Wallace UniversityBereaOhioUSA Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Preventive and Social MedicineMinistry of Health and Family WelfareDhakaBangladesh Public Health Foundation of India GurgaonHaryanaIndia Centre for Environmental Health GurgaonHaryanaIndia Translational Genomics Laboratory Department of BiosciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CIIT)Islamabad 45550Pakistan Medical Research Unit School of MedicineSyiah Kuala UniversityBanda AcehIndonesia WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management SKLIDCCIDICDCChina CDCBeijingChina Centre for Environment and Population Health Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia Barts and the London School of Medicine Centre for Primary Care and Public HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Department of Health Services Ministry of HealthGovernment of NepalKathmanduNepal

Asia and its Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH)region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change,especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth,high level of poverty and unsustainable *** has been a hotspot of dengue fever and chikungunya mainly due to its dense human population,unplanned urbanization and *** an urban cycle,dengue virus(DENV)and chikungunya virus(CHIKV)are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and *** mosquitoes which are also competent vectors of Zika virus(ZIKV).Over the last decade,DENV and CHIKV transmissions by *** have extended to the Himalayan countries of Bhutan and Nepal and ZIKV could follow in the footsteps of these viruses in the HKH *** already established distribution of human-biting Aedes mosquito vectors and a naïve population with lack of immunity against ZIKV places the HKH region at a higher risk of *** of the countries in the HKH region have already reported ZIKV *** have documented an increasing threat of ZIKV in Asia and its HKH region because of the high abundance and wide distribution of human-biting mosquito vectors,climate change,poverty,report of indigenous cases in the region,increasing numbers of imported cases and a naïve population with lack of immunity against *** outbreak anywhere is potentially a threat ***,in order to ensure international health security,all efforts to prevent,detect,and respond to ZIKV ought to be intensified now in Asia and its HKH *** prepare for possible ZIKV outbreaks,Asia and the HKH region can also learn from the success stories and strategies adopted by other regions and countries in preventing ZIKV and associated *** future control strategies for DENV,CHIKV and ZIKV should be considered in tandem with the threat to human well-being that is posed by other emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and zoonotic diseases,and by the continuing urgent need to strengthen public

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Dengue virus Chikungunya virus Hindu Kush Himalayas Mountain Poverty Zika virus

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Epidemiology of dengue virus infections in Nepal, 2006-2019

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 89-89页

作者： Komal Raj Rijal Bipin Adhikari Bindu Ghimire Binod Dhungel Uttam Raj Pyakurel Prakash Shah Anup Bastola Binod Lekhak Megha Raj Banjara basu dev pandey Daniel MParker Prakash Ghimire Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal 不详

Background:Dengue is one of the newest emerging diseases in Nepal with increasing burden and geographic spread over the *** main objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological patterns of dengue since its ... 详细信息

关键词： Dengue DENV Aedes aegypti Outbreak Nepal Spatial epidemiology

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Novel CMS lines in pigeonpea[Cajanus cajan(L.)Millspaugh]derived from cytoplasmic substitutions,and their effective restoration and deployment in hybrid breeding

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The Crop Journal 2017年第1期5卷 89-94页

作者： Abhishek Bohra Rintu Jha Indra Prakash Singh Gaurav pandey Shalini Pareek Partha Sarathi basu Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi Narendra Pratap Singh ICAR Indian Institute of Pulses Research(IIPR)Kanpur 208024India

The availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS or A) lines coupled with a robust restoration system(R lines) is an essential prerequisite for efficient hybrid ***-enabled hybrid technology holds immense potential to enhance the long-stagnant productivity of pigeonpea. In the present investigation, cytoplasmic substitutions were made in the nuclear backgrounds of early-maturing pigeonpea varieties or lines. Three new CMS lines(ICPL 88039 A, Pusa 992 A, and DPP 3-2A) resulted from genetic crosses involving cytoplasmic donors from A2(GT 288A) and A4(ICPA 2089) categories. In addition to visual inspection of anthers, pollen-staining techniques and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis were used to confirm pollen sterility. Further, given the relevance of the plant mitochondrial genome to CMS manifestation, 25 mitochondrion-specific DNA markers were assayed on these newly developed A lines and isogenic maintainer(B) lines. DNA polymorphism between Pusa 992 A and Pusa 992 B as revealed by the nad7a_del marker confirmed the successful combination of sterilizing cytoplasm(A4) and nonrestoring nuclear background(Pusa 992). Such cytoplasm-specific DNA markers are required for A2-CMS as well. Further, to assess restoration ability, potential restorers were crossed with these CMS lines, and as a consequence, promising A × R combinations exhibiting 100%pollen fertility could be identified. In parallel, we also analyzed the inheritance patterns underlying fertility restoration using ICPL 88039A-derived F2 and BC1F1populations,and established a monogenic dominant model to explain the phenomenon of A2-CMS restoration. In summary, we report the successful development of new CMS lines and describe their effective deployment in hybrid breeding of pigeonpea.

关键词： Cytoplasm Hybrid Mitochondria Pigeonpea Restorer Sterility

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