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Multipath Grid-Based Enabled Geographic Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network 2014年第12期6卷 265-280页

作者： bassel arafeh Khaled Day Abderezak Touzene Nasser Alzeidi Department of Computer Science Sultan Qaboos University Al Khoudh Oman

This work proposes an efficient disjoint multipath geographic routing algorithm for dense wireless sensor networks (WSN), called Multipath Grid-based Enabled Geographic Routing (MGEGR). The proposed algorithm relies on the construction of a 2-D logical grid in the geographical region of deployment. The objective of the proposed scheme is to determine optimal or near-optimal (within a defined constant) multiple disjoint paths (multipath) from a source node to the sink, in order to enhance the reliability of the network. The determined multiple disjoint paths would be used by the source node in a round-robin way to balance the traffic across the disjoint paths, and to avoid discovered paths with cell holes. The proposed scheme limits the use of broadcasting to the process of gateway election within each cell, and the process of maintaining the table of neighbors of each gateway. Our simulation results show the effectiveness and scalability of our routing scheme with increased network size compared to on-demand routing protocols.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Clustering Algorithms Disjoint Multipath Routing Grid-Based Routing Geographic Routing

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A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensor Network 2018年第7期10卷 131-156页

作者： Thoraya Al- Subhi bassel arafeh Nasser Alzeidi Khalid Day Abderezak Touzene Department of Computer Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.

关键词： Geographic Routing 3D Virtual Grid Structure Grid-Based Routing Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) Hole Problem

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