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THE PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION OF FRACTAL MEDIUM

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第3期20卷 306-313页

作者： ZHANG Yi-gen TONG Deng-ke Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China research Institute of Geological Sciences Shengli Oilfield Company Sinopec Dongying 257015 China School of Mathematics and Computational Sciences China University of Petroleum （East China） Dongying257061 China

The assumption of constant rock properties in pressure-transient analysis of stress-sensitive reservoirs can cause significant errors in the estimation of temporal and spatial variation of pressure. In this article, the pressure transient response of the fractal medium in stress-sensitive reservoirs was studied by using the self-similarity solution method and the regular perturbation method. The dependence of permeability on pore pressure makes the flow equation strongly nonlinear. The nonlinearities associated with the governing equation become weaker by using the logarithm transformation. The perturbation solutions for a constant pressure production and a constant rate production of a linear-source well were obtained by using the self-similarity solution method and the regular perturbation method in an infinitely large system, and inquire into the changing rule of pressure when the fractal and deformation parameters change. The plots of typical pressure curves were given in a few cases, and the results can be applied to well test analysis.

关键词： stress-sensitive reservoir fractal permeability modulus pressure analysis

The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2 ,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Exploration and Development research Institute of Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china university of Miningand Technology,beijing 100083,china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Co Explorat & Dev Res Inst Xian 710021 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Key Lab Coal Resources Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

The productivity evaluation model and its application for finite conductivity horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 530-535页

作者： Jiang Hanqiao Ye Shuangjiang Lei Zhanxiang Wang Xing Zhu Guojin Chen Minfeng Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China research Institute of china National Offshore Oil Corporation Beijing 100027 China

It is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs due to the influence of fault *** the basis of the method of images and source-sink theory,a semianalytical model coupling reservoir and finite conductivity horizontal wellbore flow dynamics was built,in which the influence of fault sealing was taken into *** distribution of wellbore flow and radial inflow profiles along the horizontal interval were also *** impact of the distance between the horizontal well and the fault on the well productivity was quantitatively *** on this analysis,the optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault in banded fault block reservoirs could be *** to the field application,the relative error calculated by the model proposed in this paper is within ±15%.It is an effective evaluation method for the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block *** productivity of the horizontal well increases logarithmically as the distance between the horizontal well and the fault *** optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault is 0.25-0.3 times the horizontal well length.

关键词： Fault block reservoir horizontal well finite conductivity productivity evaluation well location design

Responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forests to hydrologic process in Ejina oasis

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 21-31页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi, CHANG Xueli & HE ZhibinLinze Inland River basin Comprehensive research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china Yantai Normal university, Yantai 264005, china 1. Linze Inland River basin Comprehensive research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China2. Yantai Normal University 264005 Yantai China

By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology and the technology of GIS and RS, a study has been carried out on the responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forest to hydrologic process on the basis of the hydrologic data from 1990 to 2000 and the TM image of 2001 year. The results showed that: (1) there appears an even distribution pattern for the relative forest area in oasis, however, the degenerated forest diaplays an increasing tendency from west to east; (2) the desert riparian forest in Ejina is in completely degenerated process at the patch scale; (3) the number of patch is influenced not only by hydrologic process,but also by agricultural activity such as cultivation. The severe deterioration of the degraded vegetation in whole oasis initiates from lower reaches, and gradually impels to upstream; the fragmentation of landscape in the terminal site is more obvious, which is influenced by river shape and decreasing flux of water. It is found that the influence of surface hydrologic process to the ground hydrologic process of desert riparian forest in Ejina oasis is little for the recent ten years. The relative area of the degenerated forest increased with increasing ground water depth in the direction of parallel to river channel. On the contrary, in the direction perpendicular to river channel, there is a decreasing tendency for the average patch area of the forest and the degenerated forest with increasing ground water depth.

关键词： Ejina oasis, desert riparian forests, vegetation pattern, hydrologic process.

Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： YANG Shengtian1 & LIU Changming1, 2 1. School of Environmental Sciences, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources research, beijing 100101, china beijing Normal Univ Sch Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982—1998, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982 to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km3, the evapotranspiration of 3000-3500 km3, and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East china Sea basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 122-130页

作者： CHEN JianPing 1,2 ,GE HePing 3 ,CHEN XiaoDong 3 ,DENG ChunPing 1,2 &LIANG DiGang 1,2 1 research Institute of petroleum Exploration&Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Key Lab of petroleum Geochemistry,CNPC,beijing 100083,china 3 Shanghai Division,CNOOC,Shanghai 200030,china 1. research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China2. Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPC Beijing 100083 China3. Shanghai Division CNOOC Shanghai 200030 China

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East china Sea basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by *** hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2 + heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet *** isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-29‰and-26‰, *** difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2 values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic *** simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the ***, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the *** the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the

关键词： Lishui Sag natural gas biogenesis abiogenesis lacustrine source rock marine source rock coal-measures source rock

Composition of sandstone and heavy minerals implies the provenance of Kuqa Depression in Jurassic, Tarim basin, china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第7期15卷 633-640页

作者： WU Chaodong, LIN Changsong, SHEN Yanping and FENG Xue ( Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, Peking university, beijing 100871, china Department of Resources, china university of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china) Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China. Department of Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The petrological characteristics and heavy mineral assembly of the Jurassic System in Kuqa basin are consistent with the tectonic evolution, which is the major factor controlling the filling process of Kuqa basin. Controlled by the source areas at the both sides of the basin, the matrixes are dominated by sedimentary rock, high-grade metamorphic rock, acid magmatic rock, and the highest heavy mineral assemblage of zircon-garnet-magnetite in the content. According to heavy mineral indexes, the Jurassic strata can be classified into three rhythmic units of heavy mineral. The lower sequence contains abundant heavy minerals and relatively high content of detritus and its matrixes primarily came form the recycling orogen. The assemblage of "zircon-garnet-magnetite" indicates that the sedimentary area in the early evolution period of the basin is relatively near the provenance. The middle sequence is different from the lower sequence in the heavy mineral assemblage and has the different characteristics from that of source rock. The heavy mineral assemblage is "garnet-zircon" with the highest content of garnet and its main matrices are the high-grade metamorphic rock, acid magmatic rock and hydrothermal vein at the northeastern edge of the basin. The middle and upper sequences are characterized by the clast provenance, which is primarily from the recycling orogen at the northern edge of the basin and secondarily from the southern uplift. As a result of the two provenances, the strata with apparent changes of heavy mineral assemblage and index better coincides with the interfaces of the secondary strata sequences, which reflects the denudation history and the filling process of the orogen at the northern edge of the basin.

关键词： sandstone components provenance analysis filling sequence tectonic evolution.

Identification of the Quaternary low gas-saturation reservoirs in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam basin,china

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 49-54页

作者： Li Xiongyan Li Hongqi Zhou Jinyu He Xu Chen Yihan Yu Hongyan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Exploration and Development Institute Changqing Petroleum CompanyShaanxi 710021China

Low gas-saturation reservoirs are gas bearing intervals whose gas saturation is less than 47%. They are common in the Quaternary of the Sanhu area in the Qaidam *** to the complex genesis mechanisms and special geological characteristics,the logging curves of low gas-saturation reservoirs are characterized by ambiguity and diversity,namely without significant log response characteristics. Therefore,it is particularly difficult to identify the low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study *** addition,the traditional methods such as using the relations among lithology,electrical property,physical property and gas bearing property,as well as their threshold values,can not effectively identify low gas-saturation *** solve this problem,we adopt the decision tree,support vector machine and rough set methods to establish a predictive model of low gas-saturation reservoirs,which is capable of classifying a mass of multi-dimensional and fuzzy *** to the transparency of learning processes and the understandability of learning results,the predictive model was also revised by absorbing the actual reservoir *** applications indicate that the predictive model is effective in identifying low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study area.

关键词： Sanhu area Qaidam basin low gas-saturation reservoir decision tree support vector machine rough set predictive model identification

Strategies for managing reservoir sedimentation

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International Journal of Sediment research 2009年第4期24卷 369-384页

作者： Zhao-yin WANG 1 and Chunhong HU 21 Prof., State Key Lab of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china. 2 Prof., Secretary General of International research and Training center on Erosion and Sedimentation, beijing 100048, china and Vice President of china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research, No. A-1, Fuxing Rd, beijing 100038, china. [a] Prof. State Key Lab of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua university beijing 100084 china [b] Prof. Secretary General of International research and Training center on Erosion and Sedimentation beijing 100048 china and Vice President of china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research No. A-1 Fuxing Rd beijing 100038 china

Sediment deposition in reservoirs has caused the loss of 66% of the reservoir capacity in china. The main sedimentation control strategies are: 1) storing the clear water and releasing the turbid water; 2) releasing turbidity currents; 3) Draw-down flushing and empty flushing; and 4) dredging. The paper summarizes these strategies with examples. Sediment transport in many Chinese rivers occurs mostly during the 2-4 month flood season, that is, 80-90% of the annual sediment load is transported with 50-60% of the annual runoff. By storing the clear water after the flood season and releasing the turbid water during the flood season, less sediment deposits in the reservoir while the reservoir is still able to store enough water for power generation in the low flow season. The Three Gorges and Sanmenxia reservoirs apply this strategy and control sedimentation effectively. Turbidity currents have become the main sedimentation control strategy for the Xiaolangdi reservoir. Empty flushing involves reservoir draw-down to temporarily establish riverine flow along the impound reach, flushing the eroded sediment through the outlets. Case studies with the Hengshan reservoir and Zhuwo reservoir are presented. Jet dredgers have been used to agitate the reservoir deposit so that the deposit is released from the reservoir with currents. The sediment releasing efficiency is 30-100% for storing the clear and releasing the turbid; 6-40 % for turbidity current; and 2,400-5,500% for empty flushing. Empty flushing causes high ecological stress on the ecosystem to the downstream reaches. Storing the clear and releasing the turbid is the best strategy to control reservoir sedimentation while achieving hydro-power benefit and maintain ecological stability.

关键词： reservoir sedimentation Storing clear and releasing turbid Flushing Turbidity current Three Gorges reservoir