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GENESIS OF THE SILURIAN ASPHALT SANDSTONES IN TAZHONG UPLIFT OF TARIM basin,NW china

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 1997年第4期 50-56页

作者： Lu Xiuxiang, Zhang Yiwei and Jin Zhijun research center of basin and reservoir, university of petroleum, beijing 102200

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A COUPLED MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND WATER QUALITY FOR YUQIAO reservoir IN HAIHE RIVER basin

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第5期20卷 574-582页

作者： LIU Xiao-bo PENG Wen-qi HE Guo-jian LIU Jing-ling WANG Yu-chun School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Water Environment China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing100038 China Department of Hydraulic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

In order to simulate the characteristics of hydrodynamic field and mass transport processes in the Yuqiao reservoir （YQR）, a 2-D coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality was developed, and the water-quality related state variables in this model included CODMn, TN and TP. The hydrodynamic model was driven by employing observed winds and daily measured flow data to simulate the seasonal water cycle of the reservoir. The simulation of the mass transport and transformation processes of CODMn, TN and TP was based on the unsteady diffusion equations, driven by observed meteorological forcing and external loadings, with the fluxes form the bottom of reservoir and the plant photosynthesis and respiration as internal sources and sinks. A finite volume method and Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme were used to solve these equations. The model was calibrated and verified by using the data observed from YQR in two different years. The results showed that in YQR, the wind-driven current was an important style of lake current, while the concentration of water quality item was decreasing from east to west because of the external pollutant loadings. There was a good agreement between the simulated and measured values, with the minimal calculation error percent of 0.1% and 2.6% and the mean error percent of 44.0% and 51.2% for TN and TP separately. The simulation also showed that, in YQR, the convection was the main process in estuaries of inflow river, and diffusion and biochemical processes dominate in center of reservoir. So it was necessary to build a pre-pond to reduce the external loadings into the reservoir.

关键词： model simulation Yuqiao reservoir (YQR) wind driven current water quality

Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang university,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4 university of petroleum,beijing102.49,china 5 Petrochina research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,beijing 100083,china 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas reservoir

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1173-1181页

作者： DU Chunguo1, 2, WANG Jianjun1, ZOU Huayao2, ZHU Yangming3 and WANG Cunwu4 1 research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development, beijing 100034, china 2 petroleum university of china, beijing 102.49, china 3 Department of Earth Science, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310027, china 4 Faculty of Earth Resources, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S) , and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.

关键词： diagenesis and restructuring mechanism marine carbonate formation thermochemical sulfate reduction Puguang gas reservoir

Hemipelagic Deposition of the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tarim basin and Its Sedimentologic Significance

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Journal of Earth Science 2009年第6期20卷 921-931页

作者：姜在兴王玥魏垂高 College of Energy China University of GeosciencesBeijing College of Geo-resource and Information China University of PetroleumDongying

Hemipelagic contourites were interpreted in the Silurian Kepingtage （柯坪塔格） Formation in the Tarim basin, Northwest china, through studies of outcrop, core, well-log, and seismic data. They are characterized by thin to thick bedded mudstone, with contour current irregularly thin bedded-lentiform siltstone and sandstone. Chitin stone, graptolite, thin-shelled bivalve, dissoconch, and acritatch fossils are present in dark-colored mudstones. A Helminthopsis-Scolicia trace fossil assem-blage was observed in the outcrop and drilling core. Sandstones are mainly well-sorted and subangular-subrounded sublitharenite. Sedimentary structures include oriented current structure, erosional surface, and small-scale cross stratifications. The potential of contourites as hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks was evaluated on the basis of previous interpretations of paleoclimate and paleosalinity.

关键词： Tarim basin Silurian hemipelagic deposit contourite.

A quick evaluation model for CO_2 flooding and sequestration

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 515-523页

作者： Yao Yuedong Ji Zemin Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

CO2 flooding not only triggers an increase in oil production,but also reduces the amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere （by storing it permanently in the formations）.It is one of the best ways to use and store *** paper firstly selects the key factors after analyzing the factors influencing the CO2 storage potential in the formations and oil recovery,and then introduces a series of dimensionless variables to describe reservoir *** influencing factors with varying values are calculated through a Box-Behnken experimental *** results are interpreted by a response surface method,and then a quick screening model is obtained to evaluate the oil recovery and CO2 storage potential for an oil *** on the evaluation model,sensitivity analysis of each factor is carried ***,research on CO2 sequestration and flooding in a typical reservoir indicates that the evaluation model fits well with the numerical simulation,which proves that the evaluation model can provide criteria for screening attractive candidate reservoirs for CO2 sequestration and flooding.

关键词： Evaluation model enhanced oil recovery CO2 sequestration Box-Behnken design response surface method

Eco-environment evolvement analysis of Ertan reservoir catchment based on remote sensing

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 95-100页

作者： PANG ZhiGuo ,GE DeXiang & FU Jun E State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River basin,,china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,beijing 100048,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 China

Hydropower project may bring with it social-economic profits as well as side *** built dam and reservoir often cause some problems to the surrounding areas,among which the ecological and environmental effects caused by hydropower projects are always concerned by the *** this article,we take the Ertan reservoir catchment as the research area and try to quantitatively analyze the variation of vegetation cover and soil erosion by remote sensing technique,and to comprehensively assess the evolvement and development trend of reservoir *** erosion,land use/cover are used as ecological and environmental indicators which reflect the changes before,after and in the period of the construction of Ertan hydropower *** by the multi-source remote sensing data(from satellite Landsat and CBERS) and DEM data,the land use/cover is interpreted through RS images which are classified both by unsupervised and supervised method,and the driving factors of the ecological changes are also *** the same time,the changes of soil loss are also monitored and analyzed during flood seasons of Ertan reservoir area before and after reservoir impoundment(1995,2000 and 2005) using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) .The results show that during the recent 13 years the arable land area has decreased obviously,and construction area and water surface have increased *** increase of vegetation cover has some relations with the implementation of local ecological projects,i.e.,de-farming to forestry and de-farming to pasture *** the same time,changes may also be caused by the climate adjustment in the reservoir *** the ten years from 1995 to 2005,the high soil loss classes were transforming to lowly level classes *** of these show that the soil loss of Ertan reservoir area is getting better.

关键词： Ertan reservoir catchment eco-environment land use/cover soil loss remote sensing

Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoirresearch center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

The effectiveness assessment of gas accumulation processes in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,Northwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 117-125页

作者： LIU GuangDi1,SUN MingLiang1,L YanFang2 & SUN YongHe2 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2 Daqing Institute of petroleum,Daqing 163318,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Daqing Inst Petr Daqing 163318 Peoples R China

The effectiveness of gas accumulation processes is controlled by several main geological factors in-cluding charging force,features of gas conduit,sealing properties of caprock,etc. Based on the analysis and statistics of the large-medium size gas accumulations in china,the main parameters,in-cluding the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of the gas conduit,and the thickness or displacement pressure of caprock,and the criteria for the as-sessment of gas accumulation processes have been established. Using the parameters and the criteria above,the effectiveness of gas accumulation processes in the Kuqa depression was quantitatively evaluated. By integrating the parameters of the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of fault conduit system,and the caprock thickness in gas charging period,a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression has been made. The result reveals that the Tubei-Dawan area,the Central Kelasu area and the Dongqiu-Dina area are three highly-effective areas for gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： accumulation process conduit system abnormal pressure caprock play assessment Kuqa depression