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Application of RNA interference in triatomine （Hemiptera： Reduviidae） studies

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Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 40-52页

作者： Rafaela m. m. Paim Ricardo N. Araujo michael J. lehane Nelder F. Gontijo marcosH. Pereira Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Bloco 14 Sala 177 Av. AntonioCarlos 6627 Pampulha CEP 30270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Pembroke Place LiverpoolL3 5QA UK

Triatomines （Hemiptera： Reduviidae） are obligate hematophagous insects. They are of medical importance because they are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in the Americas. In recent years, the RNA interference （RNAi） technology has emerged as a practical and useful alternative means of studying gene function in insects, including triatomine bugs. RNAi research in triatomines is still in its early stages, several issues still need to be elucidated, including the description of the molecules involved in the RNAi machinery and aspects related to phenotype evaluation and persistence of the knockdown in different tissues and organs. This review considers recent applications of RNAi to triatomine research, describing the major methods that have been applied during the knockdown process such as the double-stranded RNA delivery mechanism （injection, microinjection, or ingestion） and the phenotype characterization （mRNA and target protein levels） in studies conducted with the intent to provide greater insights into the biology of these insects. In addition to the characterization of insect biomolecules, some with biopharmacological potential, RNAi may provide a new view of the interaction between triatomine and trypanosomatids, enabling the development of new measures for vector control and transmission of the parasite.

关键词： dsRNA knockdown phenotype RNAi triatomine

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双层高岭黏土中沉桩特性模型试验

吉林大学学报（地球科学版） 2018年第6期48卷 1778-1784页

作者：李雨浓 lehane B m 燕山大学建筑工程与力学学院河北秦皇岛066004 西澳大学土木工程与资源学院

为了揭示黏土中静压沉桩的宏观力学特性,采用西澳大学的梁式离心机压桩系统,通过在双层高岭黏土中进行一系列1g重力场情况下的T-bar触探测试试验、静压沉桩试验、桩拉伸试验和压缩试验,对比分析了T-bar分别在均质软质黏土和双层黏土中... 详细信息

为了揭示黏土中静压沉桩的宏观力学特性,采用西澳大学的梁式离心机压桩系统,通过在双层高岭黏土中进行一系列1g重力场情况下的T-bar触探测试试验、静压沉桩试验、桩拉伸试验和压缩试验,对比分析了T-bar分别在均质软质黏土和双层黏土中随贯入深度变化测得的不排水剪切强度的特性;研究了桩体在贯入过程中沉桩阻力、桩端阻力以及桩侧摩阻力的发展规律;并对桩身径向总应力在沉桩过程中的变化规律进行了探讨;此外,还揭示了不同桩型沉桩终压力与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:在黏土中沉桩时,桩侧摩阻力在整个沉桩阻力中发挥主要的作用;对于同一土层而言,当桩超过土层分界面以下2 D(D为桩径)范围后,桩端阻力并不受相邻土层性质的影响;随着压桩后时间的推移,桩侧摩阻力对承载力的时效影响较桩端阻力大。

关键词：双层高岭黏土沉桩特性径向总应力 1g模型试验

Spinal mechanisms of Itch Transmission

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 156-164页

作者： Devin m.barry Admire munanairi Zhou-Feng Chen Center for the Study of Itch Washington University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Developmental Biology Washington University School of Medicine

Peripheral itch stimuli are transmitted by sensory neurons to the spinal cord dorsal horn, which then transmits the information to the brain. The molecular and cellular mechanisms within the dorsal horn for itch transmission have only been investigated and identified during the past ten years. This review covers the progress that has been made in identifying the peptide families in sensory neurons and the receptor families in dorsal horn neurons as putative itch transmitters, with a focus on gastrin-releasing peptide （GRP）--GRP receptor signaling. Also discussed are the signaling mechanisms, including opioids, by which various types of itch are transmitted and modulated, as well as the many conflicting results arising from recent studies.

关键词： Itch Neuropeptides Spinal cord DRG GPCR signaling

Functional oesophago-gastric junction imaging

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2818-2824页

作者： barry P mcmahon Asbjφrn m Drewes Hans Gregersen Department of medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Adelaide and Meath Hospital DublinIncorporating the National Children's HospitalTallaghtDublin 24Ireland Centre for Visceral Biomechanics & Pain Aalborg HospitalAalborgDenmark

Despite its role in disease there is still no definitive method to assess oesophago-gastric junction competence （OGJ）. Traditionally the OGJ has been assessed using manometry with lower oesophageal sphincter pressure as the indicator. more recently this has been shown not to be a very reliable marker of sphincter function and competence against reflux. Disorders such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and to a lesser extend achalasia still effects a significant number of patients. This review looks at using a new technique known as impedance planimetry to profile the geometry and pressure in the OGJ during distension of a bag. The data gathered can be reconstructed into a dynamic representation of OGJ action. This has been shown to provide a useful representation of the OGJ and to show changes to the competence of the OGJ in terms of compliance and distensibility as a result of endoluminal therapy.

关键词： Oesophagogastric junction Lower oesophageal sphincter Competence Distensibility Functional imaging

multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： barry m Berger Bernard Levin Robert J Hilsden medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation Scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of medicine and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary

multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening multitarget stool DNA Stool DNA The United States Preventive Services Task Force Cancer Intervention Surveillance modeling Network Fecal immunological technique modeling Interval

颗粒形状对砂土抗剪强度及桩端阻力影响机制试验研究

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岩石力学与工程学报 2011年第2期30卷 400-410页

作者：刘清秉项伟 B.m.lehane 崔德山李雨浓中国地质大学工程学院湖北武汉430074 西澳大学土木工程与资源学院同济大学地下建筑与工程系上海200092

为研究颗粒形状对砂土的力学及变形性质的影响,以3种不同颗粒形状的均粒砂及相似材料"玻璃球"为研究对象,通过光学显微镜获取颗粒数字图像,借助图形处理系统获取颗粒单元体几何参数,定义构建2种不同层次的形状描述指标(球形度、磨圆度)... 详细信息

为研究颗粒形状对砂土的力学及变形性质的影响,以3种不同颗粒形状的均粒砂及相似材料"玻璃球"为研究对象,通过光学显微镜获取颗粒数字图像,借助图形处理系统获取颗粒单元体几何参数,定义构建2种不同层次的形状描述指标(球形度、磨圆度),并通过计算机辅助程序完成颗粒形状参数的量化。通过4种颗粒材料直剪试验,获得临界摩擦角、剪胀角及峰值摩擦角等强度指标,并分析其随颗粒形状参数的变化,通过饱和试样在不同密实度、不同离心加速度下的静力触探测试来模拟不同砂土地基上的中等圆形闭口桩静压贯入过程,并探讨桩端阻力随颗粒形状的变化关系。直剪试验结果表明:在矿物组分相同的情况下,砂土临界摩擦角随颗粒的磨圆度和规则性的增加呈线性减小,剪胀性随颗粒的不规则性的增大而增大,并可通过修正的Bolton公式来量化表述形状系数对于峰值摩擦角的作用。离心试验结果表明:静力触探锥端阻力可直接用于桩端阻力(qb)的估算,具有很好的可信度,砂颗粒形状越偏离标准球状,表面棱角度越突出,桩贯入所受阻力越大,桩端承载力越高。通过理论分析,提出一种迭代计算方法,并量化分析桩端阻力(qb)、相对密度(Dr)、应力水平(σv′)和颗粒形状(ρ)四者的相互作用关系,该方法计算结果与试验实测数据具有良好的吻合度。

关键词：土力学砂土颗粒形状剪切摩擦角离心静力触探试验桩端阻力

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泥浆在单向固结时压缩曲线的归一化关系研究

防灾减灾工程学报 2017年第5期37卷 790-794页

作者：施维成 barry lehane 朱俊高代国忠史贵才朱建群常州工学院常州市建设工程结构与材料性能研究重点实验室江苏常州213032 西澳大学土木环境及采矿工程学院河海大学岩土力学与堤坝工程教育部重点实验室江苏南京210098

以西澳土料与水混合成的泥浆制备土样进行单向固结试验,同时在大量泥浆制成的重塑土单向固结试验数据基础上拟合出量纲一致的Iv—p关系式,然后根据4个界限条件对Iv—p关系式中的参数进行研究,得出泥浆在单向固结时的归一化e—p关系式。... 详细信息

以西澳土料与水混合成的泥浆制备土样进行单向固结试验,同时在大量泥浆制成的重塑土单向固结试验数据基础上拟合出量纲一致的Iv—p关系式,然后根据4个界限条件对Iv—p关系式中的参数进行研究,得出泥浆在单向固结时的归一化e—p关系式。结果表明,对于初始含水率在1.25倍液限含水率附近的泥浆,p为100kPa时的孔隙比是初始孔隙比的1/2;p为1000kPa和100kPa时的孔隙比之间的比值约为0.625;从泥浆状态开始已压缩的孔隙比与当前孔隙比的比值与p/P_a在对数坐标系中成正比例关系,比例系数约为0.34。

关键词：泥浆固结孔隙指数孔隙比压缩曲线

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结构性对西澳残积土固结性质的影响

水电能源科学 2017年第9期35卷 113-115页

作者：施维成 barry lehane 代国忠史贵才朱建群常州工学院常州市建设工程结构与材料性能研究重点实验室江苏常州213002 西澳大学土木环境及采矿工程学院

为分析结构性对西澳残积土固结性质的影响,使用西澳大学LoadTrac-Ⅲ固结仪对西澳残积土的原状土和重塑土分别进行单向固结试验,研究了西澳残积土的结构性对其压缩曲线和固结系数的影响。结果表明,西澳残积土的原状土压缩曲线位于重塑土... 详细信息

为分析结构性对西澳残积土固结性质的影响,使用西澳大学LoadTrac-Ⅲ固结仪对西澳残积土的原状土和重塑土分别进行单向固结试验,研究了西澳残积土的结构性对其压缩曲线和固结系数的影响。结果表明,西澳残积土的原状土压缩曲线位于重塑土的上方,即在某一固结压力下,原状土的孔隙比比重塑土更大;西澳残积土较强的结构性使得原状土的屈服应力大于现场有效应力;西澳残积土的原状土的固结系数远大于重塑土的固结系数;西澳残积土的重塑土的固结系数和固结压力之间呈双曲线关系。研究成果可为西澳当地和国内同类工程的设计与施工提供参考。

关键词：残积土固结结构性压缩曲线固结系数

Non-Uniformity and Generalised Sacks Splitting

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Acta mathematica Sinica,English Series 2002年第2期18卷 327-334页

作者： COOPER S.barry Department of Pure mathematics School of Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Software Chines Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China

We show that there do not exist computable fimetions f_1(e,i).f_2(e,i).g_1(e,i),g_2(e,i)such that for all e,i ∈ω, (1)(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))≤T(W_e-W_1): (2)(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))≤T(W_e-W_i): (3)(W_w-W_i)≤T(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))⊕(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i)): (4)(W_e-W_i)T(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))uuless(W_e-W_i)≤T:and (5)(W_e-W_i)T(E_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))unless(W_w-W_i)≤T. It follows that the splitting theorems of Sacks and Cooper cannot be combined uniformly.

关键词： Computably enumerable(c.e.) Difference of computably enumerable sets(d.c.e.,or 2-c.e.) Turing degrees Splitting and nonsplitting