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Chinese science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 642-651页

作者： sUN jingHua barry j s gale Derryck T Reid Ultrafast Optics Group School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The intrinsic synchronization, multi-color outputs and related carrier-envelope phases (CEP) among pulses bring advantages to synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators and the pumping sources for broadband frequency comb generation and ultrashort waveform coherent syn-thesis. In this paper, we discuss our latest research results in this field, which cover the following as-pects: the phase relationship and energy conservation law in an OPO and related experimental verifi-cation; control of the pumping Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser's CEP by self-referencing technology, and its repetition-rate locking by piezoelectric transducer (PZT); CEP locking of the pulses from the OPO by beating the non-phase-matched visible outputs against pump supercontinuum to obtain a driving signal for a fast PZT on the OPO end mirror; the generation of a broadband frequency comb spanning from 400 nm to 2.4 μm with 1.2 kHz bandwidth; and the realization of coherent interference between phase controlled pump pulses and signal second harmonic pulses.

关键词：光学参数振荡器载波包络相同步控制超短光脉冲

The Global Boundary stratotype section and Point （GssP） for the base of the Cenomanian stage, Mont Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France

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Episodes 2004年第1期27卷 21-32页

作者： W.j.Kennedy A.s.gale j.A.Lees M.Caron OxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory ParksRoadOxfordOXI3PWU.K. DepartmentofPalaeontology TheNaturalHistoryMuseumCromwellRoadLondonSW75BPU.K.andSchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciencesUniversityofGreenwichChathamMaritimeCampusChathamKentME44AWU.K. ResearchschoolofGeologicalandGeophysicalsciences BirkbeckCollegeandUniversityCollegeLondonGowerStreetLondonWCIE6BTU.K. InstitutdeGeologie UniversitedeFribourgCH-1700FribourgSwitzerland.

Following the unanimous recommendation of the International Commission on stratigraphy, the Global boundary stratotype section and Point (GssP) for the base of the Cenomanian stage is defined at a level 36 metres below the top of the Marnes Bleues Formation, a level that corresponds to the the first appearance of the planktonic foraminiferan Rotalipora globotruncanoides sigal, 1948, on the south side of Mont Risou, east of Rosans, Haute-Alpes, France, where it can be placed in the context of a series of secondary marker levels based on nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, ammonites,and an ornate δ^13C curve.

关键词：地层学地层分界线层型地质构造

Plant-frugivore interactions in an intact tropical forest in north-east Thailand

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 195-212页

作者： Wangworn sANKAMETHAWEE Andrew j.PIERCE George A.gale Britta Denise HARDEsTY Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok Thailand Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute Mahasarakham UniversityMahasarakhamThailand CsIRO Ecosystem sciences AthertonQueenslandAustralia

Fleshy-fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their *** this plant-animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism,it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are *** applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small-fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit-eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in north-east Thailand.A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant ***-avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical,with observed networks filling 30%of all potential *** some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling,forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints,accessibility and phenological uncoupling,and although the majority of missing links were unknown(58.2%),many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit *** most common frugivores were bulbuls,barbets and fairy-bluebirds,which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our *** birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant-frugivore networks,accounting for only 3%of feeding visits to fruiting trees;they filled 2%of the overall potential *** majority of interactions were generalized unspecific;however,saurauia roxburghii *** to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal,while Thick-billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs.

关键词： avian frugivore nestedness plant-frugivore networks seed dispersal tropical forest

Process and Mechanism for the Development of Physical Crusts in Three Typical Chinese soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 321-332页

作者： BU Chong-Feng W.j.gale CAI Qiang-Guo WU shu-Fang Institute of soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Institute of soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University

To compare the development of physical crusts in three typical cultivated soils of China, a black soil （Luvic Phaeozem）, a loess soil （Haplic Luvisol）, and a purple soil （Calcaric Regosol） were packed in splash plates with covered and uncovered treatments, and exposed to simulated rainfall. Meshes covered above the surfaces of half of soil samples to simulate the effects of crop residue on crusting. The results indicated a progressive breakdown of aggregates on the soil surface as rainfall continued. The bulk density and shear strength on the surface of the three soil types increased logarithmically as rainfall duration increased. During the first 30 min of simulated rainfall, the purple soil developed a 7-8 mm thick crust and the loess soil developed a 3-4 mm thick crust. The black soil developed a distinguishable, but still unstable, crust after 80 rain of simulated rainfall. soil organic matter （sOM） content, the mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates, and soil clay content were negatively correlated with the rate of crust formation, whereas the percentage of aggregate dispersion （PAD）, the exchangeable sodium percentage （EsP）, and the silt and sand contents were positively correlated with crusting. Mechanical breakdown caused by raindrop impact was the primary mechanism of crust formation in the black soil with more stable aggregates （MWD 25.0 mm, PAD 3.1%） and higher sOM content （42.6 g kg-1）. slaking and mechanical eluviation were the primary mechanisms of crust formation in the purple soil with low clay content （103 g kg-1）, cation exchange capacity （CEC, 228 mmol kg-1）, EsP （0.60%）, and sOM （17.2 g kg-1）. Mechanical breakdown and slaking were the most important in the loess soil with low CEC （80.6 mmol kg-1）, EsP （1.29%）, sOM （9.82 g kg-1）, and high PAD （71.7%） and MWD （4.6 mm）. simulated residue cover reduced crust formation in black and loess soils, but increased crust formation in purple soil.

关键词： aggregate bulk density shear strength simulated rainfall soil properties

Histone Acetylation, VERNALIZATION INsENsITIVE 3, FLOWERING LOCUs C, and the Vernalization Response

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 724-737页

作者： Donna M. Bond Elizabeth s. Dennis barry j. Pogson E. jean Finnegan CsIRO Plant Industry Canberra Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia

The quantitative induction of VIN3 by low temperatures is required for PRC2 repression of FLC and promotion of flowering （vernalization） in Arabidopsis. Histone acetylation, a chromatin modification commonly associated with gene transcription, increased on VIN3 chromatin in two spatially and temporally distinct phases in response to low temperatures. During short-term cold exposure, histone H3 acetylation at the transcription start site rapidly increased, implying that it is required for VlN3 induction. subsequent changes in histone H3 and H4 acetylation occurred following continued VIN3 transcription during prolonged cold exposure. Members of the sAGA-like transcriptional adaptor complex, including the histone acetyltransferase GCNs, which induces expression of the cold acclimation pathway genes, do not regulate VlN3 induction during cold exposure, indicating that the cold acclimation pathway and the cold-induction of VlN3 are regulated by different transcriptional mechanisms. Mutations in the other 11 histone acetyltransferase genes did not affect VlN3 induction. However, nicotinamide, a histone deacetyiase inhibitor, induced VIN3 and altered histone acetylation at the VIN3 locus. VIN3 induction was proportional to the length of nicotinamide treatment, which was associated with an early-flowering phenotype and repression of FLC. However, unlike vernalization, the repression of FLC was independent of VIN3 activity. Nicotinamide treatment did not cause a change in the expression of any genes in the autonomous pathway or members of the PRC2 complex, the well characterized repressors of FLC. Our data suggest that FLC is repressed via a novel pathway involving the sIR2 class of histone deacetylases.

关键词： Cold acclimation histone acetyltransferase histone deacetylase sIR2 nicotinamide.

Robustness Assessment and Adaptive FDI for Car Engine

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International journal of Automation and computing 2008年第2期5卷 109-118页

作者： Mahavir singh sangha j.barry Gomm Control systems Research Group School of EngineeringLiverpool John Moores University

A new on-line fault detection and isolation （FDI） scheme proposed for engines using an adaptive neural network classifier is evaluated for a wide range of operational modes to check the robustness of the scheme in this paper. The neural classifier is adaptive to cope with the significant parameter uncertainty, disturbances, and environment changes. The developed scheme is capable of diagnosing faults in on-line mode and the FDI for the closed-loop system with can be directly implemented in an on-board crankshaft speed feedback is investigated by diagnosis system （hardware）. The robustness of testing it for a wide range of operational modes including robustness against fixed and sinusoidal throttle angle inputs, change in load, change in an engine parameter, and all these changes occurring at the same time. The evaluations are performed using a mean value engine model （MVEM）, which is a widely used benchmark model for engine control system and FDI system design. The simulation results confirm the robustness of the proposed method for various uncertainties and disturbances.

关键词： On-board fault diagnosis automotive engines adaptive neural networks (ANNs) fault classification robustness assessment

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United states Preventive services Draft Guidelines

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： barry M Berger Bernard Levin Robert j Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and Community Health sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United states Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United states Preventive services Task Force(UsPsTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using UsPsTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA stool DNA The United states Preventive services Task Force Cancer Intervention surveillance Modeling Network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

Escherichia coli-host macrophage interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8751-8763页

作者： Ahmed Tawfik Paul K Flanagan barry j Campbell Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool

Multiple studies have demonstrated alterations in the intestinal microbial community (termed the microbiome) in Crohn’s disease (CD) and several lines of evidence suggest these changes may have a significant role in disease pathogenesis. In active and quiescent disease, both the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome are discordant with matched controls with reduced biodiversity, changes in dominant organisms and increased temporal variation described. Mucosa-associated adherent, invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) (AIEC), pro-inflammatory and resistant to killing by mucosal macrophages, appear to be particularly important. AIEC possess several virulence factors which may confer pathogenic potential in CD. Type-1 pili (FimH) allow adherence to intestinal cells via cell-surface carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules and possession of long polar fimbrae promotes translocation across the intestinal mucosa via microfold (M)-cells of the follicle-associated epithelium. Resistance to stress genes (htrA, dsbA and hfq) and tolerance of an acidic pH may contribute to survival within the phagolysosomal environment. Here we review the current understanding of the role of mucosa-associated E. coli in Crohn’s pathogenesis, the role of the innate immune system, factors which may contribute to prolonged bacterial survival and therapeutic strategies to target intracellular E. coli.

关键词： Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Escherichia coli Intra-macrophage survival and replication Phagolysosome Autophagy

Targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and gene transcripts associated with 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 66-79页

作者： Carolyne j.Brikis Adel Zarei Greta Z.Chiu Kristen L.Deyman jingyun Liu Christopher P.Trobacher Gordon j.Hoover sanjeena subedi jennifer R.DeEll gale G.Bozzo barry j.shelp Department of Plant Agriculture University of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada Department of Mathematical sciences Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY13902USA Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural AffairsBox 5871283 Blueline Rd.at Highway 3SimcoeOntarioN3Y 4N5Canada

4-Aminobutyrate accumulates in plants under abiotic ***,targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and transcripts was conducted to monitor glutamate-and polyamine-derived 4-aminobutyrate production and its subsequent catabolism to succinate or 4-hydroxybutyrate in apple(Malus x domestica Borkh.)fruit stored at 0°C with 2.5 kPa O2 and 0.03 or 5 kPa CO2 for 16 ***-temperature-induced protein hydrolysis appeared to be responsible for the enhanced availability of amino acids during early storage,and the resulting higher glutamate level stimulated 4-aminobutyrate levels more than *** CO2 increased the levels of polyamines,as well as succinate and 4-hydroxybutyrate,during early storage,and 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate over the longer *** of all of the genes likely involved in 4-aminobutyrate metabolism from glutamate/polyamines to succinate/4-hydroxybutyrate was induced in a co-ordinated ***2-regulated expression of apple GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLAsE 2,AMINE OXIDAsE 1,ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENAsE 10A8 and POLYAMINE OXIDAsE 2 was evident with longer term *** suggested that respiratory activities were restricted by the elevated CO2/O2 environment,and that decreasing NAD+availability and increasing NADPH and NADPH/NADP+,respectively,played key roles in the regulation of succinate and 4-hydroxybutyate ***,these findings suggest that both transcriptional and biochemical mechanisms are associated with 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses.

关键词： hydrolysis subsequent restricted

C. H. Pander＇s introduction to conodonts, 1856

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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 429-432页

作者： sweet, Walter C. Cooper, barry j. school of Earth sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Primary Industries and Resources south Australia Adelaide SA 5001 GPO Box 1671 Australia

It is rare in the annals of science for a single publication to provide a definitive introduction to a previously unknown group of animals. Yet this was the case with the monograph that included the initial descriptions of an important, extinct group of fossil animals： the conodonts. The publication, by Christian Heinrich Pander, appeared in st Petersburg in 1856. The volume of ninety-one pages, written in German and accompanied by seven beautifully executed plates, was issued by the Imperial Academy of sciences as part of a series entitled Geognostische Beschreibung der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements.

关键词：动物科学动物化石牙形石科学研究