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Record Low Sea-Ice Concentration in the Central Arctic during Summer 2010

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 106-115页

作者： JinpingZHAO david barber Shugang ZHANG Qinghua YANG Xiaoyu WANG Hongjie XIE Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Centre for Earth Observation Science Faculty of Environment Earth and ResourcesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center ChinaBeijing100081China Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas 78284U.S.A.

The Arctic sea-ice extent has shown a declining trend over the past 30 years. Ice coverage reached historic minima in 2007 and again in 2012. This trend has recently been assessed to be unique over at least the last 1450 years. In the summer of 2010, a very low sea-ice concentration(SIC) appeared at high Arctic latitudes—even lower than that of surrounding pack ice at lower latitudes. This striking low ice concentration—referred to here as a record low ice concentration in the central Arctic(CARLIC)—is unique in our analysis period of 2003–15, and has not been previously reported in the literature. The CARLIC was not the result of ice melt, because sea ice was still quite thick based on in-situ ice thickness ***, divergent ice drift appears to have been responsible for the CARLIC. A high correlation between SIC and wind stress curl suggests that the sea ice drift during the summer of 2010 responded strongly to the regional wind forcing. The drift trajectories of ice buoys exhibited a transpolar drift in the Atlantic sector and an eastward drift in the Pacific sector,which appeared to benefit the CARLIC in 2010. Under these conditions, more solar energy can penetrate into the open water,increasing melt through increased heat flux to the ocean. We speculate that this divergence of sea ice could occur more often in the coming decades, and impact on hemispheric SIC and feed back to the climate.

关键词： sea ice concentration central Arctic Beaufort Gyre Transpolar Drift ice motion divergence

Radiation of lamp and optimized experiment using artificial light in the Arctic Ocean

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 249-260页

作者：赵进平 david barber 李涛李淑江李翔 Ocean University of China University of Manitoba

A winter optical experiment by an artificial lamp was conducted in the Amundsen Bay of Arctic Ocean from November of 2007 to January of 2008. The radiation field emitted from an artificial lamp was measured and is introduced in this paper, and the optimized experiment project is discussed. It is demonstrated that the minimum size allowed of the lamp is determined by both the field of view （ FOV ） of optical instrument and the measuring distance from the lamp. Some problems that might influence on the experiment result often occur for a simple fluorescent lamp, such as instability, spatial nonuniformity, light divergence, effect of lamp temperature, etc. By the analysis of the light radiation, three kind of measures are proposed to control the quality of the experiment, i.e. keeping consistency of lamp size with FOV of instrument, calibrating in situ downwind, and conducting measurement in effective range. Among them, the downwind calibration is the key step to overcome most problems arose by the lamp. The experiment indicated that the reliable results can be obtained only when the optical measurement is coordinated with the radiation field of artificial lamp. The measured radiation property of the lamp was used to advise the field experiment to minimize measuring error. As the experiment by artificial lamp was the first attempt in the Arctic Ocean, the experience given by this paper is a valuable reference to the correlative studies.

关键词： Arctic Artificial light experiment radiation of lamp optical measurement field of view.

获得质量与安全保证的敲门砖——优化金属检测系统

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食品工业科技 2011年第9期32卷 30-30页

作者： david barber 梅特勒-托利多集团

我们都知道在处理与人类生活息息相关的产品（如食品和药品）时需要非常小心。为的是确保产品达到卓越的安全标准。考虑到对消费者健康的影响、对品牌声誉的危害以及法律诉讼所产生的经济影响，即使是生产过程中出现细微的质量缺陷也会... 详细信息

我们都知道在处理与人类生活息息相关的产品（如食品和药品）时需要非常小心。为的是确保产品达到卓越的安全标准。考虑到对消费者健康的影响、对品牌声誉的危害以及法律诉讼所产生的经济影响，即使是生产过程中出现细微的质量缺陷也会造成巨大损失，甚至导致品牌一蹶不振。因此，在生产过程中检测诸如铁、非铁以及不锈钢等金属异物是极为重要的。

关键词：检测系统质量缺陷金属异物安全保证优化生产过程消费者健康人类生活

Corneal and intraocular pressure changes associated to the circadian rhythms:a narrative review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第10期17卷 1921-1928页

作者： Laura barberán-Bernardos MiguelÁngel Ariza-Gracia david P Piñero Department of Optics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of AlicanteSan Vicente del Raspeig 03690AlicanteSpain ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of BernBern 3008Switzerland Department of Ophthalmology(IMQO-Oftalmar) Vithas Medimar International HospitalAlicante 03016Spain

AIM:To synthesize the current body of research regarding the diurnal variations in intraocular pressure(IOP)and corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters,highlighting their significance in various eye ***:A comprehensive review of studies on the diurnal variations of IOP and corneal parameters was *** findings from various studies were assessed,including the Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT)and non-contact *** on the variations in central corneal thickness(CCT),corneal curvature,and corneal biomechanics measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer system across different population groups was extracted and ***:In both healthy subjects and those with Fuchs dystrophy,IOP and CCT demonstrate marked diurnal *** remains the gold standard for tonometry,with the highest ***,its measurements are influenced by *** patients and those with pseudoexfoliation showed significant diurnal variations in *** biomechanical parameters,especially corneal hysteresis(CH)and the corneal resistance factor(CRF),largely remain stable throughout the day for most of eye conditions,with some ***,the corneal morphology diurnal variation,particularly curvature,yielded mixed conclusions across ***:Circadian rhythms significantly influence various corneal parameters,most notably IOP and *** studies should emphasize standardized approaches larger sample sizes,and delve deeper into less-explored areas,such as the effects of orthokeratology lenses on diurnal biomechanical shifts.

关键词： circadian rhythms intraocular pressure corneal thickness corneal biomechanics corneal curvature

Sorption and Leaching Potential of Isoproturon and Atrazine in Low Organic Carbon Soil of Pakistan Under a Wheat-Maize Rotation

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 687-698页

作者： Muhammad TAHIR Anwar Ul HASSAN Saliha MAQBOOL Brian barber William C.KOSKINEN PENG Xinhua david J.MULLA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Institute of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadPunjab 38000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management Research Laboratory St.Paul MN 55108-6089(USA) Department of Soil Water&ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaTwin Cities MN 55108-6089(USA)

Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation *** data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punjab,*** was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg ***^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,*** soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC *** organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking *** residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field *** residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,*** lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching *** GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.

关键词： concentration dependent sorption irrigation manure leaching risk assessment pesticide

Temporal variability and sources of PFAS in the Rio Grande,New Mexico through an arid urban area using multiple tracers and highfrequency sampling

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 205-220页

作者： Kimberly R.Beisner Rebecca E.Travis david A.Alvarez Larry B.barber Jacob A.Fleck Jeramy R.Jasmann U.S.Geological Survey 6700 Edith Blvd NEAlbuquerqueNM87113USA U.S.Geological Survey 4200 New Haven RoadColumbiaMO65201USA U.S.Geological Survey 3215 Marine St.BoulderCO80303USA U.S.Geological Survey 6000 J St.Placer Hall.SacramentoCA95819USA

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are ubiquitous in the environment but sources are not well defined for temporal and spatial aspects within an urban environment,and especially for an arid urban environment subject to seasonal short term high-intensity precipitation events.A focused diel sampling was conducted in the summer of 2021 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of PFAS in the Rio Grande near Albuquerque,New Mexico and showed an order of magnitude increase of PFAS as it flows through the Albuquerque urban *** samples were collected at two different locations on the Rio Grande in addition to wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)effluent that discharges directly to the Rio Grande between the sampling ***-term high-intensity precipitation events occurred during the study period and mobilized PFAS from urban *** organic matter composed of tryptophan-like organic substances and refined fuel and fuel byproducts,characteristic of an urban signature,were also related to the precipitation *** PFAS in discharge from the WWTP was consistent over a 24-h period with slight differences in some *** presence on the Rio Grande downstream of the WWTP was evidenced by a gadolinium anomaly as well as increases in several other trace elements,total dissolved nitrogen,and fluorescence indicators,in addition to *** varied depending on source contribution,where urban runoff was associated with PFOA,PFOS,and PFBA,whereas PFHxA and PFPeA were associated with wastewater *** addition,passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers(POCIS)using hydrophilic-lipid balance(HLB)sorption media were deployed for a month at two locations on the Rio Grande to assess longer term PFAS *** POCIS results show some compounds(PFPeA and PFHpA)were greater than the average concentration from discrete samples,whereas other compounds(PFHxA,PFOA,PFDA,and PFNA)were lower in the POCIS,and PFOS was very simila

关键词： wastewater Rio runoff

Production and Evaluation of Table Wine Using Two Different Varieties of Pawpaw (Carica papaya)

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2019年第6期9卷 199-209页

作者： david Barine Kiin-Kabari Queen Igbo Lucretia Ifeoma barber Department of Food Science and Technology Rivers State UniversityNkpolu Oroworukwo PMB 5080Port HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate table wine from two different varieties of pawpaw (rose red and yellow pawpaw). The must was evaluated for physicochemical and microbiological changes during fermentation while the wine was analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, microbiological quality and sensory properties and compared with commercial grape wine. Specific gravity of the “must” during fermentation decreased from 1.059-0.995 for rose red pawpaw and 1.005-0.990 for yellow pawpaw. The sugar content decreased from 13-3% on the 14th day of fermentation for rose red pawpaw while yellow pawpaw “must” decreased from 12.5-3%. pH drop for the yellow pawpaw “must” was 4.7-3.4 on the 14th day and 4.0-3.4 for rose red pawpaw “must”. Titratable acidity of the pawpaw “must” increased from 0.16-0.32% for rose red pawpaw “must” and 0.20-0.52% for yellow pawpaw “must”. Microbial analysis of the “must” during fermentation showed that yeast count increased from no growth to 3.0 × 10^6 cfu/mL for yellow pawpaw must and 4.0 × 10^6 cfu/mL for rose red pawpaw, respectively while total bacterial count decreased from 5.4 × 10^7-l.5 × 10^7 cfu/mL for yellow pawpaw must and 5.2 × 10^7-1.2 × 10^7 cfu/mL for rose red pawpaw “must”. Coliform recorded no growth throughout the period of fermentation. Physicochemical analysis of the wine showed that the yellow pawpaw wine has a specific gravity of 0.999, alcohol content 8.00%, titratable acidity of 0.59%, pH of 3.5 and sugar content of 3%. The rose red pawpaw wine had sugar content of 3%, titratable acidity of 0.38%, alcohol content 7.69%, specific gravity 0.997 and pH of 3.5. Microbial analysis of the wine showed no growth of coliform and yeast while bacterial count was 1.0 × 10^6 cfu/mL for both wines. Sensory results for the pawpaw wine showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the clarity and overall acceptability from the commercial wine.

关键词： Red rose yellow pawpaw table wine.

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通过铸机设计和改造提高铸坯质量

钢铁 2004年第Z1期39卷 488-490页

作者： Brian barber Brian Patrick Adrian Normanton david Jenkinson Brian Stalker Corus R D & T UK Corus R D & T UK Corus R D & T UK Corus Process Engineering UK Corus Process Engineering UK

Corus R,D＆T和Corus过程工程部具有丰富的铸机改造经验,主要涉及不同程度的铸机改造和新铸机的设计.其工作基础在于实际经验和丰富的现场试验、数学模型和实验室研究基础,如喷嘴特性的测量.这里介绍了从结晶器到最终切割装置的铸机总... 详细信息

Corus R,D＆T和Corus过程工程部具有丰富的铸机改造经验,主要涉及不同程度的铸机改造和新铸机的设计.其工作基础在于实际经验和丰富的现场试验、数学模型和实验室研究基础,如喷嘴特性的测量.这里介绍了从结晶器到最终切割装置的铸机总体设计所涉及的重要内容.板坯、大方坯和小方坯连铸机基本设计的内容差别很大,同时还要考虑到不同钢种的混浇.辊子布置计算的目的在于减少内部应力、获得好的内部质量.辊子和扇形段的设计也应被包括在内,因为维持铸流工作稳定对改善铸坯内部质量十分重要.铸流温度和凝固计算可用于评估喷水系统的设计.同时,为了保证表面和内部质量,传热分析也被用于对铸机喷嘴设计与布置的改进.还可进一步通过获得的凝固温度曲线优化轻压下的位置.建立在以上基础上的铸机设计技术可以保证所获得的铸坯具有较好的表面和内部质量,也可用于评估铸机设计或选择铸机设计方案.

关键词：连铸设计改造

Reducing Participation Bias in Case-Control Studies: Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Stroke in Adults

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第3期4卷 129-134页

作者： Claire Keeble Stuart barber Paul david Baxter Roger Charles Parslow Graham Richard Law Department of Statistics University of Leeds Leeds UK Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics University of Leeds Leeds UK

Background: Case-control studies have been used extensively in determining the aetiology of rare diseases. However, case-control studies often suffer from participation bias in the control group, resulting in biased odds ratios that cause problems with interpretation. Participation bias can be hard to detect and is often ignored. Methods: Population data can be used in place of the possibly biased control group, to investigate whether participation bias may have affected the results in previous studies, or in place of controls in future studies. We demonstrate this approach by reanalysing and comparing the results of two case-control studies: Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire children and stroke in Indian adults. Findings: Using population data to represent the control groups reduced the width of the confidence intervals given in the original studies and confirmed the findings for the two diabetes risk factors used;caesarean birth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12 (1.53, 2.95) compared with 1.84 (1.09, 3.10)) and amniocentesis (OR = 3.38 (2.09, 5.47) compared with 3.85 (1.34, 11.04)). The three stroke risk factors investigated were found to have increased odds ratios when using population data;hypertension (OR = 5.645 (5.639, 5.650) compared with 3.807 (2.114, 6.856)), diabetes (OR = 12.212 (12.200, 12.224) compared with 3.473 (1.757, 6.866)) and smoking (OR = 5.701 (5.696, 5.707) compared with 2.242 (1.255, 4.005)). Interpretation: Participation bias can greatly affect the results of a study and cause some potential risk factors to be over-or underestimated. This approach allows previous studies to be investigated for participation bias and presents an alternative to a control group in future studies, while improving precision.

关键词： Case-Control Diabetes Participation Bias Stroke Selection Bias