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Processes and events in the center: a taxi trajectory-based approach to detecting traffic congestion and analyzing its causes

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 509-531页

作者： Yufeng He barbara Hofer Yehua Sheng Yue Yin Hui Lin Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of EducationJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangPeople’s Republic of China School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geoinformatics–Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China

A novel approach is introduced for the detection of the location and direction of traffic congestion using GPS data from *** approach uses a dynamic model that conceptualizes events,processes,and *** states are the locations of the taxis,the processes are the motion of taxis,and the events are *** model is implemented as a graph database,which represents the relationships between states,events,processes,and things(such as points of interest and road grid).Algorithms for constructing and updating the relationships and taxi behaviors dynamic retrieval method in Neo4j are presented and are used to demonstrate the capabilities in dynamic expression and *** implementation of Shanghai in 2015finally demonstrated the ability of congestion direction detection and the cause searching of traffic congestion.

关键词： VGE Spatio-temporal dynamics geographic processes traffic congestion trajectory

Spouting behaviour of binary mixtures in square-based spouted beds

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 193-201页

作者： Cristina Moliner Filippo Marchelli Massimo Curti barbara Bosio Giorgio Rovero Elisabetta Arato Department of Civil Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA) University of Genova (UNIGE) Genova Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano (UNIBZ) Bolzano Italy Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT) Polytechnic University of Turin (POLITO) Turin Italy

From experime nts, the influe nee of the physical characteristics of different bin ary mixtures of solids on the spouting regime of a pyramidal square-based spouted bed reactor is assessed. The applied methodology permits a more precise evaluation of the effects of the tested variables (diameter, density, sphericity) on the response variables (minimum air flows at which spouting begins and at which to maintain spouting con ditions). The associated pressure drops along the bed of particles a nd the height of the formed fountai n are analysed in each case. During the initial stages of fluidisation, binary mixtures containing different density ratios show dead zones. Segregation becomes more evident at large-size and high-density ratios. The lack of sphericity was found to be the main reason leading to blocking, channelling, and start-up problems when system failures occur. Nevertheless, the extent of segregation in all cases decreases with increasing the spouting velocity. In addition, a computational fluid dynamic model based on the discrete element method, previously validated for a single solid bed, is proposed as a tool to predict and evaluate potential segregation phenomena in binary mixtures. This model reproduced with high accuracy the encountered segregation phenomena. Its use may help define the technical limts inherent in the pyramidal spouted bed reactor.

关键词： Spouted bed reactor Segregation Computational fluid dynamics

Processes and events in the centre:a dynamic data model for representing spatial change

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 276-295页

作者： Yufeng He Yehua Sheng barbara Hofer Yi Huang Jiarui Qin School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application NanjingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria School of Geographic and Biologic Information Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjingPeople’s Republic of China

Traditional geographic information system models for map representation use superposition of layers to model physical reality,neglecting the integrity of the environment and limiting the ability to express interactions between features in complex *** results in limitations regarding dynamic simulation and geographic causality *** this paper,we extend the framework of the geographic scene by formalizing the relationship between geographic processes and events to construct a dynamic data model:the process-event-centred dynamic data *** key element of this data model is relationships between processes,events,and states of the natural or man-made phenomenon of *** identified relationships can be translated into a network of hierarchical,developmental,and causal graphs and realized in the Neo4j graph *** implementation in the graph database supports spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic scenes and achieves an organizational framework for simulating spatio-temporal dynamics and complex *** example of a 2019 mega-typhoon process is used to demonstrate the introduced process-event-centred model and its implementation in the graph database.A series of queries to the graph database show the capabilities of the data model for spatial reasoning and dynamic modeling.

关键词： Spatio-temporal dynamics geographic scene geographic processes geographic events spatio-temporal reasoning graph database

Cadmium and lead toxicity and bioaccumulation in Microcystis aeruginosa

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 427-432页

作者： Piotr RZYMSKI barbara PONIEDZIALEK Przemyslaw NIEDZIELSKI Piotr TABACZEWSKI Krzysztof WIKTOROWICZ Department of Biology and Environmental Protection Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan 61-848 Poland Faculty of Chemistry Department of Water and Soil Analysis Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan 61-614 Poland

The growth of human population leads to intensification of agriculture and promotes, through eutrophication, development of cyanobacteria. One of the most widespread and bloom-forming species in freshwater is toxic Microcystis aeruginosa （M. aeruginosa）. Combustion of fossil fuels and metallurgical processes are the main sources of heavy metals contamination in surface water including cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb）. The following study was conducted in order to determine the effect of 1- 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and Pb on photochemistry （using flow cytometry） and growth （based on chlorophyll concentra- tion） ofM. aeruginosa as well as to estimate levels of metal bioaccumulation. We have found that 1-10mg.L-1 of Cd and 1-5 rag. L1 of Pb induced continuous enhancement of chlorophyll fluorescence during 24 h of incubation. No significant degradation of chlorophyll was observed in these samples. At higher concentrations of 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and 10-20 mg.L-1 of Pb chlorophyll level significantly decreased and its fluorescence was quenched. M. aeruginosa demonstrated high capability of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation, proportionally to initial metal concentration. In samples with initial concentration of 20 mg. L-1 of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation of 87.3% and 90.1% was observed, respectively. Our study demonstrates that M. aeruginosa can potentially survive in highly metals polluted environments, be a primary source of toxic metals in the food chain and consequently contribute to enhanced toxicity of heavy metals to living organisms including human.

关键词： Microcystis aeruginosa heavy metals bioac-cumulation chlorophyll flow cytometry

Modulation of immune responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Insecta： Coleoptera）induced by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae （Nematoda： Rhabditida）

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 748-760页

作者： Maristella Mastore Vincenzo Arizza barbara Manachini Maurizio F. Brivio Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences University of Insubria Varese Italy Department of Sciences and Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies University of Palermo Palermo Italy

Aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the red palm weevil （RPW） Rhynchophorusferrugineus （Olivier） and the entomopathogenic nematode Stein- ernema carpocapsae （EPN）; particularly, the work was focused on the immune response of the insect host in naive larvae and after infection with the EPN. Two main immunological processes have been addressed： the activity and modulation of host prophenoloxidase- phenoloxidase （proPO） system, involved in melanization of not-self and hemocytes recog- nition processes responsible for not-self encapsulation. Moreover, immune depressive and immune evasive strategies of the parasite have been investigated. Our results suggest that RPW possess an efficient immune system, however in the early phase of infection, S. carpocapsae induces a strong inhibition of the host proPO system. In addition, host cell- mediated mechanisms of encapsulation, are completely avoided by the parasite, the elusive strategies orS. carpocapsae seem to be related to the structure of its body-surface, since induced alterations of the parasite cuticle resulted in the loss of its mimetic properties. S. carpocapsae before the release of its symbiotic bacteria, depress and elude RPW immune defenses, with the aim to arrange a favorable environment for its bacteria responsible of the septicemic death of the insect target.

关键词： encapsulation immune depression immune evasion proPO system Rhyn-chophorus ferrugineus Steinernema carpocapsae

Nutritional content explains the attractiveness of cacao to crop raiding Tonkean macaques

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 160-169页

作者： Erin P. RILEY barbara TOLBERT Wartika R. FARIDA Department of Anthropology San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-6040 USA Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong - Bogor Indonesia

Nutritional ecology has been linked to crop raiding behavior in a number of wildlife taxa. Here our goal is to explore the role nutrition plays in cacao crop raiding by Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana in Sulawesi, Indonesia. From June - Sept. 2008 we collected fruit samples from 13 species known to be important Tonkean macaque foods and compared their nutritional value to that of cacao Theobroma cacao, an important cash crop in Sulawesi. Cacao pulp was significantly lower in protein, but lower in dietary fiber, and higher in digestible carbohydrates and energy content compared to forest fruits. These findings, com- bined with the fact that cacao fruits are spatially concentrated and available throughout the year, likely explain why Tonkean ma- caques are attracted to this cultivated resource. We use these data along with published feeding ecology data to propose strategies to minimize human-macaque conflict. Namely, we recommend the deliberate protection of Elmerillila tsiampaccca, Ficus spp. and Arenga pinnata, fruit species known to be regularly consumed and of considerable nutritional value. We also identify the A. pinnata palm as a potential buffer resource to curb cacao crop raiding by macaques. Cacao is a hard-to-process food because the pods have a thick outer skin that encases the seeds and pulp. Aren palm fruit, although lower in digestibility, is easier-to-process, higher in protein, and also available year round. In addition, because the palm has considerable cultural and economic signifi- cance for local people, the strategy of planting Aren palm in a buffer corridor is likely to garner local community support [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 160-169, 2013].

关键词： Human-macaque conflict Foraging efficiency Buffer crop Arenga pinnata Ficus Fiber content

Obligatory parthenogenesis and TE load： Bacillus stick insects and the R2 non-LTR retrotransposon

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 409-417页

作者： Livia Bonandin Claudia Scavariello Valentina Mingazzini Andrea Luchetti barbara Mantovani Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali Universit~ di Bologna Bologna Italy

Transposable elements （TEs） are selfish genetic elements whose self-replication is contrasted by the host genome. In this context, host reproductive strategies are predicted to impact on both TEs load and activity. The presence and insertion distribution of the non- LTR retrotransposon R2 was here studied in populations of the strictly bisexual Bacillus grandii maretimi and of the obligatory parthenogenetic Bacillus atticus atticus. Further- more, data were also obtained from the offspring of selected B. a. atticus females. At the population level, the gonochoric B. g. maretimi showed a significantly higher R2 load than the obligatory parthenogenetic B. a. atticus. The comparison with bisexual and unisexual Bacillus rossius populations showed that their values were higher than those recorded for B. a. atticus and similar, or even higher, than those of B. g. maretimi. Consistently, an R2 load reduction is scored in B. a. atticus offspring even if with a great variance. On the whole, data here produced indicate that in the obligatory unisexual B. a. atticus R2 is active and that mechanisms of molecular turnover are effective. Furthermore, progeny analyses show that, at variance of the facultative parthenogenetic B. rossius, the R2 activ- ity is held at a lower rate. Modeling parental-offspring inheritance, suggests that in B. a. atticus recombination plays a major role in eliminating insertions rather than selection, as previously suggested for unisexual B. rossius progeny, even if in both cases a high variance is observed. In addition to this, mechanisms of R2 silencing or chances of clonal selection cannot be ruled out.

关键词： insertion activity Muller's ratchet Phasmida recombination retrotranspo-son unisexuality

Bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor regulates hydrogen sulfide production and hepatic microcirculation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2097-2108页

作者： barbara Renga Andrea Mencarelli Marco Migliorati Eleonora Distrutti Stefano Fiorucci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Perugia Via E dal Pozzo 06122 Perugia Italy Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia 06122 Perugia Italy

AIM: To investigate whether the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates expression of liver cystathionase (CSE), a gene involved in hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) generation. METHODS: The regulation of CSE expression in response to FXR ligands was evaluated in HepG2 cells and in wild-type and FXR null mice treated with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6E-CDCA), a synthetic FXR ligand. The analysis demonstrated an FXR responsive element in the 5'-flanking region of the human CSE gene. The function of this site was investigated by luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Livers obtained from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride alone, or in combination with 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, were studied for hydrogen sulphide generation and portal pressure measurement. RESULTS: Liver expression of CSE is regulated by bile acids by means of an FXR-mediated mechanism. Western blotting, qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, as well as immunohistochemical analysis, showed that expression of CSE in HepG2 cells and in mice is induced by treatment with an FXR ligand. Administration of 6E-CDCA to carbon tetrachloride treated rats protected against the down-regulation of CSE expression, increased H2S generation, reduced portal pressure and attenuated the endothelial dysfunction of isolated and perfused cirrhotic rat livers. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CSE is an FXR-regulated gene and provide a new molecular explanation for the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.

关键词： Nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor Cystathionase Hydrogen sulfide Portal hypertension

Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： Katherine Anderson barbara Ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada Lawrence Friedl Group on Earth Observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz Allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA Earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated *** paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development *** a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the *** then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： Earth observation Group on Earth Observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda