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Long-term overlap of social and genetic structure in free-ranging house mice reveals dynamic seasonal and group size effects

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 59-69页

作者： Julian C.evans Anna K.LINDHOLM barbara KöNIG Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zurich8057Switzerland

Associating with relatives in social groups can bring benefits such as reduced risk of aggression and increased likelihood of *** among relatives over limited resources,on the other hand,can induce individuals to alter their patterns of *** density might further affect the costs and benefits of associating with relatives by altering resource competition or by changing the structure of social groups;preventing easy association with ***,the overlap between genetic and social structure is expected to decrease with increasing population size,as well as during times of increased breeding ***,we use multi-layer network techniques to quantify the similarity between long-term,high resolution genetic,and behavioral data from a large population of free-ranging house mice(Mus musculus domesticus),studied over *** infer how the benefit of associating with genetically similar individuals might fluctuate in relation to breeding behavior and environmental *** found a clear seasonal effect,with decreased overlap between social and genetic structure during summer months,characterized by high temperatures and high breeding *** the effect of overall population size was relatively weak,we found a clear decrease in the overlap between genetic similarity and social associations within larger *** well as longer-term within-group changes,these results reveal population-wide short-term shifts in how individuals associate with *** study suggests that resource competition modifies the trade-off between the costs and benefits of interacting with relatives.

关键词： genetic relatedness long-term data multilayer networks seasonal social behavior

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不可忽视的无下水道卫生系统温室气体排放

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环境卫生工程 2022年第6期30卷 112-112页

作者：程世昆龙锦云 barbara evans 战哲李天昕陈聪 Heinz-Peter Mang 李子富北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院工业典型污染物资源化处理北京市重点实验室北京100083 利兹大学土木工程学院英国利兹LS29JT 北京科技大学经济管理学院北京100083 德国厕所组织德国柏林12163

1研究亮点*估计了全球无下水道卫生系统(Non-sewered Sanitation System,NSSS)的甲烷排放量,将其全球分布情况进行了可视化;*分析了温度在NSSS温室气体原位监测中的影响;*比较了国家层面NSSS与集中污水处理的温室气体排放量。2背景NSSS... 详细信息

1研究亮点*估计了全球无下水道卫生系统(Non-sewered Sanitation System,NSSS)的甲烷排放量,将其全球分布情况进行了可视化;*分析了温度在NSSS温室气体原位监测中的影响;*比较了国家层面NSSS与集中污水处理的温室气体排放量。2背景NSSS是不连接集成管网下水道的可原位或异位安全处理粪污的集成系统,例如坑厕和化粪池。由于分布分散且难以系统性管理,其排放的温室气体对环境造成的影响并不受到重视,但不可否认NSSS正在推动发展中国家环境卫生的进步。

关键词：无下水道卫生系统(NSSS) IPCC核算模型温室气体排放甲烷排放

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Rapid,high-resolution detection of environmental change over continental scales from satellite data–the Earth Observation Data Cube

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第1期9卷 106-111页

作者： Adam Lewis Leo Lymburner Matthew B.J.Purss Brendan Brooke Ben evans Alex Ip Arnold G.Dekker James R.Irons Stuart Minchin Norman Mueller Simon Oliver Dale Roberts barbara Ryan Medhavy Thankappan Rob Woodcock Lesley Wyborn Geoscience Australia CanberraAustralia National Computational Infrastructure Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CanberraAustralia NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Research School of Finance Actuarial Studies and Applied StatisticsANUCanberraAustralia The Group on Earth Observations Secretariate GenevaSwitzerland

The effort and cost required to convert satellite Earth Observation(EO)data into meaningful geophysical variables has prevented the systematic analysis of all available *** overcome these problems,we utilise an integrated High Performance Computing and Data environment to rapidly process,restructure and analyse the Australian Landsat data *** this approach,the EO data are assigned to a common grid framework that spans the full geospatial and temporal extent of the observations–the EO Data *** approach is pixel-based and incorporates geometric and spectral calibration and quality assurance of each Earth surface reflectance *** demonstrate the utility of the approach with rapid time-series mapping of surface water across the entire Australian continent using 27 years of continuous,25 m resolution *** preliminary analysis of the Landsat archive shows how the EO Data Cube can effectively liberate high-resolution EO data from their complex sensor-specific data structures and revolutionise our ability to measure environmental change.

关键词： Earth Observation Data Cube HPD HPC surface water Landsat Australia

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A criterion for the avoidance of edge cracking in layered systems

A criterion for the avoidance of edge cracking in layered sy...

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作者： Anthony G.evans A.Yehle Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

When fabricating multi-layers with brittle constituents,a prevalent design strategy is to choose fabrication conditions and thermal expansion coefficients that impose in-plane compression on the brittle *** such designs,a small zone of out-of-plane tension is induced at the edges that can cause cracks to form and extend,especially along the *** associated stresses and energy release rates have been analyzed,revealing a fail-safe criterion,attributed to the existence of a maximum possible energy release rate,*** this maximum to the toughness defines a fail-safe parameter expressing the influence of the layer thickness,the misfit stress and the *** fail-safe designs cannot be realized,thin inter-layers can be interposed in a manner that diminishes G,broadening *** roles of misfit stress and inter-layer thickness in attaining this condition are derived.

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Criteria for the delamination of thermal barrier coatings:with application to thermal gradients

Criteria for the delamination of thermal barrier coatings:wi...

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作者： D.R.Mumm Anthony G.evans Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697-2575USA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106-5050USA

A mechanism for the delamination of thermal barrier systems has been described and *** is based on the observations that,under some circumstances,vertical separations develop in the coating,creating an"internal"*** associated gaps,width w,allow the coating to displace in the presence of a strain misfit with the *** turn,the displacements induce an energy release rate,G. Delaminations develop from the base of the vertical separations when G exceeds the modeⅡtoughness of the *** analysis reveals that,when the gaps are narrow(small w),they close before the full misfit strain can be *** they close,the energy release rate decreases,causing the cracks to be *** is,the size of the delaminations is controlled explicitly by the gap *** a critical w,the cracks become unstable and spall the entire coating. One of the mechanisms for forming the vertical separations and widening them has been proposed and *** mechanism is directly connected to the constraint on the thickening of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) that forms near ridges on the bond coat *** such growth cannot be accommodated,stresses are induced that form and widen the *** gap width increases in proportion with the thickness of the *** phenomenon connects delamination failure to the thermal history.

关键词： thermal barrier systems thermally grown oxide crack delamination thermal fatigue,EB-PVD coatings

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合同外包与一般外包的比较——兼论地域接近性的重要作用

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经济资料译丛 2006年第4期 1-22页

作者： Robert C．Feenstra barbara J．Spencer 郑秀莲（译）张明志（指导老师）不详厦门大学经济学院国际经济与贸易系 361005

距离在国际贸易中的重要性已经在重力模型中得到很好的实证研究。距离不只影响贸易数量，对贸易组织和生产方式也有影响。例如，evans ＆ Harrigan（2005年）证明了买方和卖方之间地域接近性在服装行业上获取资源方面的重要性。在本文... 详细信息

距离在国际贸易中的重要性已经在重力模型中得到很好的实证研究。距离不只影响贸易数量，对贸易组织和生产方式也有影响。例如，evans ＆ Harrigan（2005年）证明了买方和卖方之间地域接近性在服装行业上获取资源方面的重要性。在本文中，我们还提出，买方和卖方的地域接近性是决定国际外包中各关系方合同关系的重要因素。

关键词：合同外包接近性地域国际贸易实证研究重力模型贸易数量生产方式

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