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Consistency in <i>Z</i>-<i>R</i>Relationship Variability Regardless Precipitating Systems, Climatic Zones Observed from Two Types of Disdrometer

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 941-955页

作者： bakary bamba Abé Delfin Ochou Eric-Pascal Zahiri Modeste Kacou Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid Mechanics University Félix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (GET) University Paul Sabatier of Toulouse III Toulouse France

Data from rain Drop Size Distributions gathered on five sites in Africa as well as those of the pilot site in Kourou (French Guyana, South America), located in different climatic zones, and collected by two types of disdrometer (the impact JW RD-69 disdrometer and the Optical Spectro-Pluviometer, OSP) are used to study the consistency of the reflectivity factor-rain rate at the ground (Z-R) relationship variability. The results clearly confirm that the relationship Z-R knows a large spatial variability, from a type of precipitation to another and within the same precipitation regardless the type of disdrometer used for DSD measurements. Base on the similarity of the relations reflectivity factor-rain rate and ratio median volume diameter over the total number of drops-rain rate, the variability of the Z-R coefficients (A, b) through the simultaneously implication of the size and number of drops which characterize the DSD was exhibited. It was shown that the relationships A-α and b-β designed to understand the involvement of parameters D0 and NT of DSD in the variability of the relationship Z-R are similar regardless the types of disdrometer used. However, the relations A-α in the Sahelian region appear to deviate from those of Guinean, equatorial and Soudanian zones. The plausible reasons were discussed.

关键词： Drop Size Distributions Consistency in Z-R Relationship Variability Squall Lines Thunderstorm Stratiform Rain JW RD-69 Disdrometer Optical Spectro-Pluviometer OSP

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Understanding the Variability of Z-R Relationships Caused by Natural Variations in Raindrop Size Distributions(DSD):Implication of Drop Size and Number

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2011年第3期1卷 147-164页

作者： Abe D.Ochou Eric-Pascal Zahiri bakary bamba Manlandon Koffi Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphere et Mecanique des fluides(LAPA-MF) Universite de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet-Boigny YamoussoukroCote d’Ivoire

In the issue of rainfall estimation by radar through the necessary relationship between radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R (Z-R), the main limitation is attributed to the variability of this relationship. Indeed, several pre-vious studies have shown the great variability of this relationship in space and time, from a rainfall event to another and even within a single rainfall event. Recent studies have shown that the variability of raindrop size distributions and thereby Z-R relationships is therefore, more the result of complex dynamic, thermody-namic and microphysical processes within rainfall systems than a convective/stratiform classification of the ground rainfall signature. The raindrop number and size at ground being the resultant of various processes mentioned above, a suitable approach would be to analyze their variability in relation to that of Z-R relation-ship. In this study, we investigated the total raindrop concentration number NT and the median volume di-ameter D0 used in numerous studies, and have shown that the combination of these two ‘observed’ parame-ters appears to be an interesting approach to better understand the variability of the Z-R relationships in the rainfall events, without assuming a certain analytical raindrop size distribution model (exponential, gamma, or log-normal). The present study is based on the analysis of disdrometer data collected at different seasons and places in Africa, and aims to show the degree of the raindrop size and number implication in regard to the Z-R relationships variability.

关键词： Raindrop Size Distribution Radar Reflectivity Factor Rain Rate Median Volume Diameter Total Number of Drops Per Unit Volume Z-R Relationship Convective Rain Stratiform Rain Squall Lines Thunderstorm

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Understanding the Variability of Z-R Relationships Caused by Natural Variations in Raindrop Size Distributions (DSD): Implication of Drop Size and Number

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences（大气和气候科学） 2011年第3期

作者： Abé D Ochou Eric-Pascal Zahiri bakary bamba Manlandon Koffi

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Assessment of Unmet Transfusion Needs in the Management of Immediate Postpartum Haemorrhage at the Kalaban Coro Reference Health Centre (MALI)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第9期13卷 1645-1657页

作者： Bocary Sidi Kone Kalifa Traore Mahamoudou Coulibaly Cheickna Sylla Sema Keita Yacouba Sylla Mamadou Haïdara Mahamadou Keita Sékou bakary Keita bamba Brehima Mamadou Kampo Dramane Fomba Yacouba Aba Coulibaly Seydou Z. Dao Modibo Dicko Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinique Mère Enfant Mohamed VI Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Kalaban Coro Reference Health Centre Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Touré de Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Fana Reference Health Centre Koulikoro Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune II of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune I of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Timbuktu Hospital Timbuktu Mali Department of gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune VI of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali

The aim was to assess transfusion needs in the management of immediate postpartum haemorrhage. Materials and Methods: this was a prospective, descriptive, analytical study from 01 January 2018 to 31 October 2018 in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the reference health center of Kalaban-Coro (Mali). Results: During the study period we recorded 32 cases of transfusion of the immediate postpartum out of 109 cases of hemorrhage or 29.35%;for a total of 2425 deliveries or a frequency of 1.31%. The main indications for blood transfusion were: postpartum haemorrhage due to tearing of the soft parts in 21.9%;retroplacental hematoma in 18.6%;uterine rupture in 12.5%;and placenta previa covering hemorrhagic in 12.5%. More than half of the transfused were evacuees, or 62.5%. Unmet transfusion requirements were 59.4%. The blood products requested were: whole blood in 99% of cases and fresh frozen plasma in only 1% of cases. Conclusion: the need for labile blood products remains a reality in obstetrics. The permanent availability of labile blood products improves the prognosis of immediate postpartum haemorrhages.

关键词： Blood Transfusion Postpartum Hemorrhage

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Assessment of Unmet Transfusion Needs in the Management of Immediate Postpartum Haemorrhage at the Kalaban Coro Reference Health Centre (MALI)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产科期刊） 2023年第9期

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