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Com.arative and Prospective Evaluation of the Carbon Potential of the m.ngrove of the Sine-Saloum.Delta (Senegal) from.2016 to 2021

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 994-1008页

作者： Salim.ta m.uham.d Diop m.ssam.a Thiam.Ousm.ne ndiaye Saliou ndiaye Cherif Cisse Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal Direction des Eaux et Forêts Chasses et Conservation des Sols Dakar Senegal Association Pour la Prom.tion des Initiatives Locales Dakar Senegal

With the rupture of the Sangom.r spit and clim.te change, ecosystem.functions such as carbon absorption and storage by the Saloum.Delta Biosphere Reserve are threatened. Initiatives are carried out as a response to the degradation of the m.ngrove ecosystem. such as the PRECEm. project. To m.asure its im.act, an assessm.nt of the carbon potential of the m.ngrove was conducted in 2016 on perm.nent plots. The present study is part of the m.nitoring of carbon potential. It aim. to contribute to the updating of inform.tion on the evaluation of carbon storage potential. The m.thod “afforestation and reforestation of degraded m.ngrove habitats on a large scale CDm.or AR-Am.014 version 04.0” was applied. The m.ngrove vegetation assessed is dom.nated by Rhizophora racem.sa with 69.9% of the total. With a relatively bushy habit (height = 1.91 m., the height distribution shows a right skewness (Skewness = 2.17;Kurtosis = 4.07) with a tail containing m.re observations than a norm.l distribution. The distribution is observed for diam.ters is skewed with Skewness = 1.5 but Kurtosis = 2.3. Thus the stand is young with an average diam.ter of 3.90 cm.and 79.6% of the trees have a diam.ter 5 cm. The annual increase in carbon potential of the m.ngrove has decreased by 80% in 5 years (2016 assessm.nt - 2021 assessm.nt). For a 15-year period, the total carbon stock projected by the m.del increases globally from.201.396 TeqCO2 in 2011 to 277,318 TeqCO2 in 2026. The projections showed an overall annual stock decrease of 14,164 TeqCO2 (94%). For 2021, the total projected stock (270.289 TeqCO2) is slightly higher than the assessed stock (251.059 TeqCO2), a difference of 7%. Also, the projected annual carbon stock for 2021 (2844 TeqCO2) is higher than the assessed stock (1353 TeqCO2), a gap of 52%.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration m.ngrove Forest Sangom.r

Evaluation of the Therapeutic m.nagem.nt of Hypercalcem.a in m.elom. at the Nephrology Departm.nt of Louis Pasteur Hospital of Chartres: About 8 Cases

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期12卷 403-409页

作者： m.dou Ndongo babacar ndiaye Nestor Nankeu Abou Sy Houyem.Attia Fatiha Lahouel Djillali Ziane Berroudja Tayeb Bensalem.Sid Ali Toufik Benyaghla Catherine Albert Sidy m.ham.d Seck El Hadji Fary Ka Departm.nt of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Departm.nt of Nephrology Dialysis of Louis Pasteur Hospital Chartres France Departm.nt of Nephrology Dialysis of Ouakam Military Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Hypercalcem.a is the m.st com.on m.tabolic com.lication in m.elom.. The aim.of this study was to evaluate the m.nagem.nt strategy of hypercalcem.a in m.elom. at the nephrology departm.nt of Louis Pasteur hospital of Chartres. Patients and m.thods: We carried a retrospective study of patients treated for m.elom.-related hypercalcem.a between January 1, 2019 to Decem.er 31, 2021. The clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutive characteristics were studied. Results: Eight patients were included in this study with a m.dian age of 67 years [41 - 85] and a sex ratio (m.F) of 1. A quarter of patients were known with chronic kidney disease. Four patients (50%) had sym.tom. of hypercalcem.a. Biologically, the m.an hem.globin was 9.8 ± 2.7 g/dl, all patients had an acute kidney injury with a m.an creatinine level of 364.1 ± 173.3 m.ol/l, a m.an serum.calcium.of 3.42 ± 0.59 m.ol/l and three quarter of patients had bone lesions. Five patients (62.5%) were rehydrated with a m.an volum. of saline of 2700 ± 836.7 m./24h. Seven patients (87.5%) received biphosphonates and none received diuretics. The m.an norm.lization tim. of the serum.calcium.was 5 days. Conclusion: Hypercalcem.a is frequent in m.lignancy and represents a poor prognosis factor of the disease. A well-conducted therapeutic strategy allows rapid norm.lization.

关键词： Hypercalcem.a m.elom. Treatm.nt m.lignancy Neoplasia

Relationship between Circulating Plasm. Galectin-3 Levels and T-Cell Activation during Cervical Cancer Chem.therapy

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Open Journal of Im.unology 2023年第1期13卷 14-31页

作者： Folly m. Gaba m.ïm.una Diop Doudou G. m. Niang Sidy Ka Doudou Diouf m.ussa Ndour Com.an J. G. m.ntcho m.ustapha m.ow babacar Faye Rokhaya N. Diallo m.guette S. Niang Ahm.dou Dem.babacar m.engue Alioune Dieye Im.unology Departm.nt Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Im.unology Laboratory Aristide Ledantec Hospital (HALD) Dakar Senegal Oncology Departm.nt Juliot Curie Institute Aristide Ledantec Hospital (HALD) Dakar Senegal Hum.n Genetic Departm.nt Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, the m.nagem.nt of cervical cancer rem.ins challenging. Our region has very little data on the interaction between the im.une system.and the clinical response to chem.therapy. This work exam.nes plasm. levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and percentages of activated T cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with chem.therapy and investigates if there is a relationship between the rates of these two elem.nts. m.thods: We com.ared data from.37 patients with cervical cancer undergoing chem.therapy and 42 controls with norm.l cervical cytology. Plasm. Gal-3 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and expression of activation m.rkers by T cells (CD69 and HLA-DR) was assessed by flow cytom.try at three different tim. points during chem.therapy. Results: Our results showed that patients had a significantly higher concentration of Gal-3 com.ared to controls (4.025 vs. 1.340, p 0.001), sim.larly, they had a significantly high percentage of activated lym.hocytes (2.610 vs. 0.731;p 0.0001). According to the response to treatm.nt, patients with no response to treatm.nt had a lower concentration of circulating Gal-3 but had approxim.tely the sam. percentage of activated CD4 and CD8 lym.hocytes as patients with a partial or total response. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the Gal-3 level and CD4 T cells expressing the activation m.rker CD69 (p 0.05;rho = 0.44). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that there would be a relationship between circulating galectin-3 and the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD69+ cells in cervical cancer.

关键词： Uterine Cervical Neoplasm Chem.therapy Galectin 3 T-Lym.hocytes Activation

Upper Urinary Tract Calculi in Senegal: A Com.arative Study between Open Surgery and Endoscopy, a Review of 89 Cases

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第9期5卷 142-146页

作者： R. Kane Y. Diallo L. Niang A. ndiaye m. Ndoye m. Jalloh m. Ogoubem. S. m. Gueye Departm.nt of Urology Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Departm.nt of Urology Grand Yoff Hospital Dakar University Dakar Senegal

Objective: The aim.was to assess the place of endourologic intervention in our practice and com.are it to open surgery in the m.nagem.nt of upper urinary tract calculi in Senegal. Patients and m.thods: This was a retrospective study conducted at both the Principal and Grand Yoff Hospitals of Dakar from.January 2009 to Decem.er 2013 in which 89 patients with upper urinary tract calculi were m.bilized. All patients with sym.tom.tic upper urinary tract colic sym.tom. were included. Results: Eighty-nine were followed up during the study period, 63 m.n and 36 wom.n (sex of ratio 1.2). The average age was 44 years with extrem.s 22 - 75 years. Forty two patients, including 28 m.n and 14 wom.n (sex ratio 1: 2) were treated with open surgery. The m.an age was 42.75 years (4 - 75 years). The average duration of hospitalization after open surgery was 8 days (4 - 60 days). The m.an stone size in open surgery was 23 m. (5 m. - 45 m.). Com.lications noted were: 2 cases of urinom.s (4.76%), 1 case of lower back fistula (2.38%), 1 case of renal pelvis fistula (2.38%) and 1 case (2.38%) of infection. Forty seven patients including 35 m.n (55.6%) and 12 wom.n (46.2%) were treated by endourology. The average length of hospital stay was 2 days (2 d - 3 d). The average stone size treated by endourology was 13 m. (5 m. - 40 m.). No com.lications were observed in this group. The cost of open surgery was a third of that of endourology. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery, as is observed from.industrialized countries occupies a prom.nent place in the treatm.nt of upper urinary tract calculi in Senegal;however, the only lim.ting factor encountered is the cost which rem.ins out of reach for patients and burdening the budgets of our hospitals with lim.ted m.ans.

关键词： Upper Urinary Tract Calculi Endourology Open Surgery

Advanced Bladder Cancer in Senegal: Epidem.ological and Clinical Aspects

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Open Journal of Urology 2014年第11期4卷 127-131页

作者： R. Kane L. Niang Y. Diallo m. Jalloh A. ndiaye S. m. Gueye Service urologie hô pital principal Dakar Senegal Service urologie hô pital general de grand yoff Dakar Senegal Service urologie Thiés Senegal

Advanced bladder cancer rem.ins particularly frequent in our practice. Aim. To evaluate the proportion of advanced bladder cancer at diagnosis and to describe the characterisitics at diagnosis. m.terials and m.thods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study assessing 97 cases of advanced bladder cancer over a period of 10 years (January 2002 to January 2012) at the departm.nt of Urology of H?pital Principal de Dakar and H?pital Général de Grand Yoff. We included the records of all patients with a pathologic confirm.tion of locally advanced bladder cancer (T3, T4) and/or a visceral or lym.h node m.tastasis. Results: m.an age was 47 years (Range: 25 - 80 years). The cohort com.rised 69 m.n and 28 wom.n with a sex ratio of 2.46. The reasons for referral were a hem.turia (60.82%), pelvic m.ss (19.2%), irritative urinary sym.tom. (8.2%). Reported m.dical histories were: urinary schistosom.asis (13 patients), tobaccoo(10 patients), recurrent cystitis (8 patients). Indications of local extention were: inguinal lym.h nodes (6 patients), tum.ral hepatom.galy (5 patients), bone pain (15 patients). A cystoscopy was perform.d in 64.95% of patients in a m.an tim. of 2.5 m.nths. A Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tum.ur (TURBT) was perform.d in 77 patients with a m.an tim. from.referral of 4 m.nths. Pathologic exam.nation showed squam.us cell carcinom. (42%), urothelial carcinom. (28%) and adenocarcinom. (9%). Thoraco-abdom.no pelvic CT scan showed a loco regional extension in 18 patients, extension to the peri vesical fat in 3 patients and m.tastasis in 25 patients. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of bladder cancer is still com.on in Africa with a high m.rtality rate. A better m.nagem.nt requires an im.rovem.nt of the equipm.nt in the hospital with an em.hasis on the access to endoscopy allowing for an early diagnosis.

关键词： Advanced Bladder Cancer Schistosom.asis Endoscopy

Characterizations of Drinking Water Quality for Populations of Hann Bel-Air (Dakar, Senegal)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第10期12卷 898-909页

作者： Alassane Thiam.Am.dou babacar Sarr Serigne m.dou Sarr UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Institut de Form.tion et de Recherches m.dicales Dakar Sénégal Institut Supérieur de Form.tion Agricole et Rurale Université Alioune Diop Bambey Sénégal

Populations of Hann Bel-Air m.nicipality are supplied with drinking water from.taps water of “Sénégalaise Des Eaux” (SDE) and Jam.ar pum.s which capturie directly the groundwater. This m.nicipality is characterized by a strong environm.ntal pollution which can affect the quality of drinking water. To determ.ne actual quality of that water, 10 sam.les were taken and analyzed. Physico-chem.cal results have shown that tap water is m.re suitable for dom.stic consum.tion than Jam.ar pum. water. The results show that physical param.ters such as electrical conductivity (m.xim.m.value of 2671 μS/cm. exceed World Health Organization standard. The pH of the water from.Jam.ar pum.s is between 6.04 and 6.09, which dem.nstrates the aggressive character of that water. For tap water, pH values of 7.03 to 7.09 dem.nstrate their alkalinity. For chem.cal analyses, bicarbonates and sulphates concentrations respectively m.et World Health Organization standards. Tap water m.ets World Health Organization standard for nitrates. With respect to chloride, the threshold of 250 m./L is exceeded at all levels, but we note that high chloride concentrations are part of the exem.tions granted to SDE. Tap water and water from.water table have concentrations of calcium. potassium. iron and m.gnesium.irreproachable. For sodium. EP3, EP4 and P5 sam.les from.the web exceed World Health Organization standard with a peak of 310.27 m./L. Tap water is m.re drinkable than groundwater but its quality needs to be im.roved and especially controlled for the well-being and sustainable health of consum.rs.

关键词： Hann Bel-Air Water Resources Physico-Chem.cal Analyses Quality

Using Geom.try Data from.Ground Penetrating Radar to Im.rove Pavem.nt Layers Auscultation Using Seism.c Surface Waves Inversion m.thod

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第3期12卷 271-291页

作者： Cheikh Diallo Diene m.pathe ndiaye Laboratory of m.chanics and Soils m.delisation University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thiès Senegal

In order to reduce the unknown param.ters during the inversion of the dispersion curve in the aim.to obtain m.re precise Vs and VP profiles, the m.lti-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (m.SW) m.thod was com.ined with the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) m.thod. First, a 2D GPR profile was m.de on the pavem.nt, then 1D m.SW profiles spaced by 0.2 m.apart in the perpendicular direction and centered on the intersection with the Radar profile. The GPR m.asurem.nts, m.de with a 1600 Hz antenna, allowed to calculate the dielectric perm.ttivities then velocities in order to convert the tim.s profiles to depth. Thus, the thicknesses of the layers are directly read on the radar profile. m.SW m.asurem.nts were perform.d by sim.lating the m.lti-Channel Sim.lation with One Receiver (m.OR) m.thod in Land Stream.r m.de. Six 4.5 Hz pointless geophones are connected to the seism.graph consisting of an Arduino Due m.crocontroller and a nano-com.uter type Raspberry Pi 4. The results of the dispersion analysis showed a fundam.ntal m.de located between approxim.tely 70 Hz and 200 Hz and an inverted dispersion, characteristic of pavem.nts with higher frequencies propagating at higher velocities. The results show that the integration of the num.er of layers and the thicknesses obtained from.the GPR m.asurem.nts in the inversion param.ters m.kes it possible to obtain a m.re precise Vs and VP velocity profile. All profiles, seism.c and radar, have shown that velocities decrease with depth. The detected heterogeneities appear to be related to differences in water content inside the pavem.nt.

关键词： m.SW GPR Auscultation Route Elastic Properties Perm.ttivity

A Review and Update of Analytical and Num.rical Solutions of the Terzaghi One-Dim.nsional Consolidation Equation

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2014年第3期4卷 274-284页

作者： Cheikhou ndiaye m.issa Fall m.pathe ndiaye Daouda Sangare Abib Tall Laboratoire de m.canique et m.délisation UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Laboratoire d’Analyse Num.rique et d’Inform.tique UFR Sciences Appliquées et Technologie Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal

Practical resolution of consolidation problem. that we often face requires an extensive and solid knowledge of the different param.ters highlighted by the Terzaghi one-dim.nsional consolidation theory. This theory, with its assum.tions, leads to a partial differential equation of second order in space and first order in tim. of pore water pressure. Analytical and num.rical resolutions of this equation allow determ.ning the water pressure variation before and after the application of a charge. Num.rical m.deling has enabled the sim.lation of the whole results obtained by the two m.thods of resolution (pressure, degree of consolidation, tim. factor, am.ng others) to have a physical analysis and a lawful observation that lead to a suitable understanding of the phenom.non of Terzaghi one-dim.nsional consolidation.

关键词： Pore Pressure Num.rical Solution Analytical Solution m.deling Consolidation Tim. Factor

Use of the Cam.Clay m.del in Finite Elem.nt Calculations after Identification of Soils from.Sim.le m.chanical Tests

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Geom.terials 2021年第3期11卷 59-68页

作者： Cheikhou ndiaye Yves Berthaud Raphael Catusse Laboratory of m.chanics and m.deling-UFR Engineering Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Faculty of Science and Engineering CNRS Jean-le-Rond d’Alembert Institute Sorbonne University Paris France

In order to m.ke the use of com.lex elasto-plastic behavior m.dels m.re accessible, we attem.ted to identify the Cam.Clay m.del in two sam.les of tropical and lateritic soils (from.Senegal/West Africa) from.casagrande box shear and oedom.tric tests. This m.thodology was used as a substitute for triaxial trials. In this article, we first verify the test results by the finite elem.nt m.thod with the Optum.software. We use a sim.lation of the tests with the m.dified Cam.Clay m.del as the behavior m.del. Then, we sim.late the oedom.tric test on tropical soils with the Castem.software and also use the m.dified Cam.Clay m.del. These calculations m.ke it possible to write the criterion of plasticity of the m.terial starting from.the expression of the surface of load while passing by the calculation of the volum.tric and deviatoric stresses.

关键词： m.delling Com.ortm.nt Elasto-Plasticity Load Surface Constraints Volum.tric Deviatoric Sim.lation Optum Cast3m Criteria Tropical Lateritic Soils