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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第12期5卷 1186-1191页

作者： Cheikh Hamidou Kane Moustapha Diène baba sarr Department of Géology FST-UCAD University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Geology IFAN University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Mechanics and Modeling-Sciences of Engineering of Thies Thies Senegal

The installation of a purification unit since 2008 in the village of Thiakhar has improved the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water supply. However about 55% of the raw water comes out of the unit as discharges (approximately 14 m3 per day) highly concentrated in fluoride and chloride ions. Based on historical samples, we find that the volumes of water consumed together with the volumes of water discharged are increasingly significant from year to year. The storage of waste water is carried out in a septic tank connected to a leaking cesspool sink. Significant excesses of these discharges are visible on the site and a flow of concentrate is observed creating a puddle of water that attracts birds and straying cattle. The study describes the following substantial impacts on the natural and human environment: 1) contamination of groundwater, 2) soil salinization 3), impact on flora and fauna, 4) impact on health. The study concludes by identifying measures to mitigate the negative impacts related to the discharges and by proposing alternative solution.

关键词： Drinking Water Treatment Quality Discharges Pollution Mitigation

Reassessment of the Resources of a Deep Aquifer System under Physical and Chemical Constraints:The Maastrichtian Aquifer

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第4期4卷 217-223页

作者： Cheikh Hamidou Kane Moustapha Diene Meissa Fall baba sarr Alassane Thiam Département de Géologie FST-UCAD Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal ISRA Bambey Senegal Laboratoire de Géologie IFAN Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation-UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur University of Thiès Thiès Senegal

The deep and confined Maastrichtian aquifer contains considerable groundwater resources. It stretches over nearly 200,000 km2, from the northern part of Mauritania to the South of Guinea Bissau where it becomes shallow. The reservoir is composed mainly of coarse sands and sandstone interbedded with some clay units. The aquifer provides 40% of the total drinking water extracted from the different aquifers and nearly 800 wells equally distributed operate only in the top 50 m of the aquifer. Despite the importance of these resources for providing water in the rural and urban areas, the aquifer characteristics are not well defined. The present paper aims to define first the physical and chemical characteristics of the Maastrichtian aquifer. The reserve of the aquifer initially estimated at 350 billion m3, is reassessed using new data providing from cross sections realized as part of our research, through the Water Sectorial Project of the Ministry of Hydraulics. Data from oil wells and geophysical logging are used to investigate the geometry of the aquifer and the position of the fresh/salty water interface. The highest thickness of the aquifer is between 200 to 400 m and salty water is present below the fresh groundwater in the west side of the aquifer. In the Eastern side, potable water lies directly above the basement. The thickness of the aquifer increases from the west to the center, and then decreases towards the shallow basement rock in the South East. The average thickness is 250 m. Chemical data coming from pumping wells indicate high chloride (250 - 1600 mg/l) and fluoride content (1 - 5.5 mg/l). Therefore, the reassessment has to take into account the chemical aspect of the water.

关键词： Maastrichtian Groundwater Deep Aquifer Senegalese-Mauritanian Sedimentary Basin Characteristic Pollution Reassessment

Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian Mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow Matthew F.Gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

THE M/PH/1 QUEUE WITH WORKING VACATIONS AND VACATION INTERRUPTION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第4期19卷 496-503页

作者： Yutaka baba Faculty of Education and Human Sciences Yokohama National University

We study an M/PH/1 queue with phase type working vacation and vacation interruption where the vacation time follows a phase type distribution. The server serves the customers at a lower rate in a vacation period. The server comes back to the regular busy period at a service completion without completing the vacation. Such policy is called vacation interruption. In terms of quasi birth and death process and matrix-geometric solution method, we obtain the stationary queue length distribution. Moreover we obtain the conditional stochastic decomposition structures of queue length and waiting time when the service time distribution in the regular busy period is exponential.

关键词： Working vacation vacation interruption phase type distribution quasi birth and death process matrix-geometric solution stochastic decomposition

Construction of Control Charts for Monitoring Various Parameters Related to the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第3期9卷 9-19页

作者： Mame Faty Mbaye Ngor sarr baba Ngom Laboratoire Sciences et Techniques de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (LASTEE) Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

To monitor the quality characteristics of a process, appropriate graphical and statistical tools must be used. These tools are capable of showing the evolution over time of the behavior of the quality characteristics (measurable or countable) and detecting situations that seem to present certain anomalies. The control chart is one of these tools widely used in quality management. In the process of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, this tool will make it possible to know at all times whether the parameters monitored such as the positivity rate, the recovery rate, and the mortality rate, are under control and to act accordingly. Monitoring cure and mortality rates will also show us the effectiveness of the treatments used.

关键词： COVID-19 Statistical Process Control Control Charts Healthcare

Comparative analysis of the dissolution kinetics of galena in binary solutions of HCl/FeCl_3 and HCl/H_2O_2

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第1期18卷 9-17页

作者： Alafara A.baba Folahan A.Adekola Department of Chemistry University of Ilorin

A comparative study of the dissolution kinetics of galena ore in binary solutions of FeCl3/HCl and H2O2/HCl has been *** dissolution kinetics of the galena was found to depend on leachant concentration,reaction temperature,stirring speed,solid-to-liquid ratio,and particle *** dissolution rate of galena ore increases with the increase of leachant concentration,reaction temperature,and stirring speed,while it decreases with the increase of solid-to-liquid ratio and particle *** activation energy （Ea） of 26.5 kJ/mol was obtained for galena ore dissolution in 0.3 M FeCl3 /8.06 M HCl,and it suggests the surface diffusion model for the leaching reaction,while the Ea value of 40.6 kJ/mol was obtained for its dissolution in 8.06 M H2O2 /8.06 M HCl,which suggests the surface chemical reaction model for the leaching ***,the linear relationship between rate constants and the reciprocal of particle radius supports the fact that dissolution is controlled by the surface reaction in the two ***,the rate of reaction based on the reaction-controlled process has been described by a semiempirical mathematical *** Arrhenius and reaction constants of 11.023 s^-1,1.25×10^-4 and 3.65×10^2 s^-1,8.02×10^ 6 were calculated for the 0.3 M FeCl3/8.06 M HCl and 8.06 M H2O2/8.06 M HCl binary solutions,respectively.

关键词： galena hydrochloric acid chloride compounds hydrogen peroxide dissolution leaching

Evolution and Prospect of Dakar Drinking Water Consumption

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第7期11卷 886-895页

作者： Ndiouga Camara Ibrahima Mbaye baba Ngom Déthié sarr Séni Tamba University of Thiè s Engineering Science Department Thi&egrave s Senegal University of Thiè s Science and Technique Department Thi&egrave s Senegal Polytechnic School of Thiè s Thi&egrave s Senegal

In Dakar, there has been a considerable deficit in the drinking water supply for more than a decade. The distribution is poorly controlled in this region. And yet, there is no lack of supply sources or solutions. With a drinking water deficit of 300,000 m3/d to fill, the State of Senegal proposed two (02) options: firstly, the construction of a second Plan at Keur Momar sarr on the Guiers Lake with a capacity of 75,000 m3/d coupled with a third pipeline between Keur Momar sarr and Thiès (KMS3);secondly, the construction of a seawater desalination Plant with a capacity of 75,000 m3/d. In this article, we studied the evolution of the drinking water consumption and the statistical data relating to population growth, which is the key element in the drinking water consumption evolution in Dakar. We were able to extract the equations from the trend curves that made it possible to predict a population growth. The results obtained with the equations and the curves show that the real needs for drinking water in Dakar are proportional to population growth.

关键词： Drinking Water Dakar Evolution Perspective Consumption Needs

Awareness as the Most Effective Measure to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 1945-1957页

作者： Isa Abdullahi baba Dumitru Baleanu Department of Mathematical Sciences Bayero UniversityKanoNigeria Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityAnkaraTurkey Institute of Space Sciences BucharestRomania

A mathematical model consisting of a system of four nonlinear ordinary differential equations is *** aim is to study the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria and to show the effectiveness of awareness and the need for relevant authorities to engage themselves more in enlightening people on the significance of the available control measures in mitigating the spread of the *** equilibrium solutions;Disease free equilibrium and Endemic equilibrium solutions were calculated and their global stability analysis was carried *** reproduction ratio(R0)was also obtained,in this research𝑅𝑅0=*** obtained for Nigeria is used to conduct numerical simulations in order to support the analytic result and to show the significance of awareness in controlling the disease *** the simulation result,it was shown that to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria there is need for serious awareness programs to enlighten people on the available control measures;social distancing,self-isolation,use of personal protective equipment(such as face mask,hand globes,overall gown,etc.),regular hand washing using soap or sanitizer,avoiding having contact with person showing the symptoms and reporting any suspected case.

关键词： COVID-19 model equilibrium solution basic reproduction ratio stability analysis numerical simulation Nigeria

Neoadjuvant treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第5期6卷 121-128页

作者： Yoshifumi baba Masayuki Watanabe Naoya Yoshida Hideo baba Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science Kumamoto University Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Cancer Institute Hospital Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are types of esophageal cancer, one of the most aggressive malignant diseases. Since both histological types present entirely different diseases with different epidemiology, pathogenesis and tumor biology, separate therapeutic strategies should be developed against each type. While surgical resection remains the dominant therapeutic intervention for patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), alternative strategies are actively sought to reduce the frequency of post-operative local or distant disease recurrence. Such strategies are particularly sought in the preoperative setting. Currently, the optimal management of resectable ESCC differs widely between Western and Asian countries(such as Japan). While Western countries focus on neoadjuvant or definitive chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment in Japan. Importantly, each country and region has established its own therapeutic strategy from the results of local randomized control trials. This review discusses the current knowledge, available data and information regarding neoadjuvant treatment for operable ESCC.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy

Dissolution kinetics of kaolin mineral in acidic media for predicting optimal condition for alum production

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第2期24卷 318-324页

作者： Folahan A.ADEKOLA Alafara A.baba Sadisu GIRIGISU Department of Industrial Chemistry University of Ilorin

The dissolution kinetics and mechanisms of reaction of Batagbon Kaolin in sulphuric and fluosilicic acids were studied. Leaching temperature, acid concentration, particle size, solid-to-liquid ratio, and stirring speed were selected as process parameters. It is observed that the dissolution rate increases with decreasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio, and increases with stirring speed, acid concentration, and leaching temperature. The experimental results indicate that the dissolution rate is of mixed control via hydrogen ion [H＋] action, with reaction order of 0.813 and the reaction kinetics can be expressed as gmt=[1-（1-x）l/3＋y/6[（l-x）l/3＋ 1-2（1-x）2/3]. The activation energy of the process is determined to be 21.6 k J/mol. The level of the product quality is also evaluated.

关键词： kaolin alum sulphuric and fluosilicic acid leaching kinetic model mixed control