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Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第2期5卷 181-191页

作者： P.Cao Z-A.Liu J.Zhao H.Kou J.Tao J.Song W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat N.Zaganidis G.A.Alves F.Marujo F.Torres.Da.S.ilva.De.Araujo E.M.Da Costa D.De Jesus Damiao H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov M.bonchev A.Dimitrov L.Litov b.pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov S.J.Qian C.bernal A.Cabrera J.Fraga A.Sarkar S.Elsayed Y.Assran M.El Sawy M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed X.Chen C.Combaret M.Gouzevitch G.Grenier I.Laktineh L.Mirabito K.Shchablo I.bagaturia D.Lomidze I.Lomidze V.bhatnagar R.Gupta P.Kumari J.Singh V.Amoozegar b.boghrati M.Ebraimi R.Ghasemi M.Mohammadi Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia R.Aly W.Elmetenawee N.De Filippis A.Gelmi G.Iaselli S.Leszki F.Loddo I.Margjeka G.Pugliese D.Ramos L.benussi S.bianco D.Piccolo S.buontempo A.Di Crescenzo F.Fienga G.De Lellis L.Lista S.Meola P.Paolucci A.braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo b.Francois T.J.Kim J.Park S.Y.Choi b.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh H.Lee J.Eysermans C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez C.A.Mondragon Herrera D.A.Perez Navarro G.A.Ayala Sanchez S.Carrillo E.Vazquez A.Radi A.Ahmad I.Asghar H.Hoorani S.Muhammad M.A.Shah I.Crotty Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent UniversityProeftuinstraat 869000 GhentBelgium Centro brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud150-UrcaRio de JaneiroRJ 22290-180Brazil Dep.de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Sao Francisco Xavier524BR-Rio de Janeiro 20559-900RJBrazil bulgarian Academy of Sciences Inst.for Nucl.Res.and Nucl.EnergyTzarigradsko shaussee Boulevard 721784 SofiaBulgaria Faculty of Physics University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Boulevard1164 SofiaBulgaria School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of High Energy Physics UCAS/CAS19(B)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Universidad de Los Andes Apartado Aereo 4976Carrera 1Eno.18A 10BogotaCOColombia Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics Academy of Scientific Research and Technology101 Kasr El-Einy St.CairoEgypt The british University in Egypt(bUE) P.O.Box 43Elsherouk CitySuez Desert RoadCairo 11837Egypt Suez University Elsalam CitySuez-Cairo RoadSuez 43522Egypt Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt Center for High Energy Physics Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityEl-Fayoum 63514Egypt Univ Lyon Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRS/IN2P3IP2I LyonUMR 582269622 VilleurbanneFrance Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Str.Tbilisi 0175Georgia Department of Physics Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India School of Particles and Accelerators Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)P.O.Box 19395-5531TehranIran School of Engineering Damghan UniversityDamghan ***Iran INFN Sezione di BariVia Orabona 470126 BariItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati(LNF)Via Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliComplesso Univ.Monte S.AngeloVia Cintia80126 NaplesItaly INFN Sezione di PaviaVia Bassi 6PaviaItaly INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of PaviaVia Bassi 6PaviaItaly Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-roSageun-dongSeongdong

Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|bine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the back-End Electronics(bEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype bEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and *** A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA *** Giga-bit Transceiver(GbT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and bEE.A server is connected with the bEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The bit Error Rate(bER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were *** less than 1.331×10−16 was *** timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were *** results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype *** The bEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run.

关键词： CMS iRPC TTC SC bEE μTCA GbT DAQ

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R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第3期6卷 306-316页

作者： H.Kou Z.-A.Liu J.Zhao J.Song Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat M.El Sawy G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.Fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel M.barroso Ferreira Filho K.Mota Amarilo A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov b.pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito K.Shchablo C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamalaidze V.Amoozegar b.boghrati M.Ebraimi E.Zareian M.Mohammadi Najafabadi M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis R.Aly D.Ramos W.Elmetenawee S.Leszki I.Margjeka D.Paesani L.benussi S.bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci F.Fienga A.braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi b.Hong K.S.Lee H.Y.Oh J.Goh I.Yu C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez R.L.Fernandez A.Sanchez-Hernandez E.Vazquez M.Ramirez-Garcia N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar M.A.Shah W.A.Khan J.Eysermans I.Crotty on behalf of the CMS Muon Group Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent UniversityProeftuinstraat 869000 GhentBelgium UniversitéLibre de bruxelles Avenue Franklin Roosevelt50-1050 BruxellesBelgium Centro brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud150UrcaRio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 22290-180Brazil Department de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Sao Francisco Xavier524Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 20559-900Brazil bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Researches and Nuclear EnergyTzarigradsko Shaussee Boulevard 721784 SofiaBulgaria Faculty of Physics University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Boulevard1164 SofiaBulgaria School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences B325Main BuildingNo.19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1No.18A-12BogotáColombia Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics Academy of Scientific Research and Technology101 Kasr El-Einy St.CairoEgypt Suez University SuezCairo RoadElsalam CitySuez 43522Egypt Center for High Energy Physics(CHEP-FU) Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityEl-Fayoum 63514Egypt Univ Lyon Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRS/IN2P3IP2I LyonUMR 582269622 VilleurbanneFrance Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Str.0175 TbilisiGeorgia School of Particles and Accelerators Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)P.O.Box 19395-5531 TehranIran School of Engineering Damghan UniversityDamghan ***Iran INFN Sezione di BariVia Orabona 470126 BariItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati(LNF)Via Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliComplesso University Monte S.AngeloVia Cintia80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione UniversitàDegli Studi di Napoli Federico II80126 NapoliI

Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity *** the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and ofﬂine reconstruction very *** enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS *** iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the *** back-End Electronics(bEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The bEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(bEb).bEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control *** clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from bEb to the FEE via the *** uplink is used for bEb to receive the time information of the iRPC’sﬁred strips and the responses to the fast/slow control *** have a pipelined detector data for clusterﬁnding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from *** at each bunch crossing(bX),clusteringﬁred strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate *** incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ *** Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the bEb to interact with the *** The joint test results of

关键词： CMS iRPC bEE TP DAQ SC

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Direct detection and identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients in intact tablets by helium plasma ionization(HePI) mass spectrometry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第3期4卷 166-172页

作者： Athula b.Attygalle Freneil b.Jariwala Julius pavlov Zhihua Yang Jason A.Mahr Mabel Oviedo Center for Mass Spectrometry Department of ChemistryChemical Biologyand Biomedical EngineeringStevens Institute of Technology Montville Township High School North bergen High School

A simple modification converts an electrospray ion source to an ambient-pressure helium plasma ionization source without the need of additional expensive hardware. Peaks for active ingredients were observed in the spectra recorded from intact pharmaceutical tablets placed in this source. A flow of heated nitrogen was used to thermally desorb analytes to gas phase. The desorption temperatures were sometimes as low as 50 ℃. For example, negative-ion spectra recorded from an aspirin tablet showed peaks at m/z 137 （salicylate anion） and 179 （acetylsalicylate anion） which were absent in the background spectra. The overall ion intensity increased as the desorption gas temperature was elevated. Within the same acquisition experiment, both positive- and negative-ion signals for acetaminophen were recorded from volatiles emanating from Tylenol tablets by switching the polarity of the capillary back and forth. Moreover, different preparations of acetaminophen tablets could be distinguished by their ion-intensity thermograms.

关键词： Helium plasma ionization Pharmaceutical tablets HePI DART DESI

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Optical in vivo and ex vivo imaging of glioma cells migration via the cerebral vessels:Prospective clinical application of the beta2-adrenoreceptors blockade for glioma treatment

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第4期11卷 98-107页

作者： Olga pavlova Alexander Shirokov Alexander Fomin Nikita Navolokin Andrey Terskov Alexander Khorovodov Anton Namykin Alexey pavlov Valery Tuchin Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya Str.Saratov 410012Russia Institute of biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms Russian Academy of Sciences13 Entuziastov Ave.Saratov 410049Russia Saratov State Medical University 112 bolshaya Kazachia Str. Saratov 410012Russia Department of Optics and biophotonics Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya Str.Saratov 410012Russia Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov 77 Politechnicheskaya Str. Saratov 410054Russia Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of RAS 24 Rabochaya Str.Saratov 410028Russia Laboratory of biophotonics Tomsk State University 36 Lenin's Ave.Tomsk 634050Russia

Malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors that 1use the cerebral vessels for invasion due to high vascular fragility of the blood--brain barrier(bbb).On one hand,glioma is characterized by the bbb disruption,on the other hand,drug brain delivery via the bbb is a big challenge in glioma *** limited information about vascular changes associated with glioma growth is a reason of slow progress in prevention of glioma ***,we present in vrivo and er vrivo study of the bbb disruption and glioma cells(GCs)migration in rats using fuorescence and confocal *** uncovered a local breach in the bbb in the main tumor mass but not within the border of normal and malignant cells,where the bbb was impermeable for high weight *** migr ation of GCs were observed via the cerebral vessels with the intact bbb that was associated with macrophages *** mechanisms underlying glioma progression remain umknown but there is an evidence that the sympathetic nervous system(SNS)via activation of vascular beta2-adrenoreceptors(b2-ADRs)can play an important role in tumor *** results clearly show an increase in the expression of vascular b2-ADRs and production of the beta arrestin-1-co-factor of b2-ADRs signaling pathway in rats with *** blockade of b2-ADRs reduces the bbb disruption,macrophages infiltration,GCs migration and increases survival *** data suggest that the blockade of b2-ADRs may be a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy to reduce glioma progression and prevent metastasis。

关键词： Glioma macrophages blood-brain barrier beta-2 adrenoreceptors bet a arrestin-1

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PEP06 polypeptide 30 is a novel clusterdissociating agent inhibiting αv integrin/FAK/Src signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2019年第6期9卷 1163-1173页

作者： Gulnara Tuguzbaeva Er Yue Xi Chen Lina He Xinlei Li Jiaming Ju Ying Qin Valentin pavlov Yanjie Lu Wenting Jia Yunlong bai Yumei Niu baofeng Yang Central Laboratory of Scientific Research Bashkir State Medical UniversityUfa 450008Russian Federation Department of Pharmacology(State-Province Key Laboratories of biomedicineePharmaceutics of China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchMinistry of Education)College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin 150081China Department of Endodontics the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Bashkir State Medical UniversityUfa 450008Russian Federation

Collectively migrating tumor cells have been recently implicated in enhanced metastasis of epithelial *** oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),av integrin is a crucial mediator of multicellular clustering and collective movement in vitro;however,its contribution to metastatic spread remains to be *** to the emerging therapeutic concept,dissociation of tumor clusters into single cells could significantly suppress metastasis-seeding ability of *** study aimed to investigate the anti-OSCC potential of novel endostatin-derived polypeptide PEP06 as a clusterdissociating therapeutic agent in ***,we found marked enrichment ofαv integrin in collectivelyinvading multicellular clusters in human *** study revealed that metastatic progression of OSCC was associated with augmented immunostaining of av integrin in cancerous *** PEP06treatment,cell clustering on fibronectin,migration,multicellular aggregation,anchorage-independent survival and colony formation of OSCC were significantly ***,PEP06 suppressed av integrin/FAK/Sre signaling in OSCC ***06-induced loss of active Src and E-cadherin from cell-cell contacts contributed to diminished collective migration of OSCC in ***,these results suggest that PEP06 polypeptide 30 inhibiting av integrin/FAK/Src signaling and disrupting E-cadherin-based intercellular junctions possesses anti-metastatic potential in OSCC by acting as a cluster-dissociating therapeutic agent.

关键词： Oral squamous cell carcinoma Tumor cell clusters Collective migration Metastasis αv integrin/FAK/RC signaling RGD

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WAVELET-bASED ANALYSIS OF CEREbROVASCULAR DYNAMICS IN NEWbORN RATS WITH INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第1期7卷 66-75页

作者： ALEXEY N.pavlov ALEXEY I.NAZIMOV OLGA N.pavlovA VLADISLAV V.LYCHAGOV VALERY V.TUCHIN OLGA A.bIbIKOVA SERGEYS.SINDEEV OXANA V.SEMYACHKINA-GLUSHKOVSKAYA Department of Physics Saratou State University 83 Astrakhanskaya str.Saratou 410012Russia

Intracranial hemorrhage(I)is a major problem of neonatal intensive *** incidence of Iistypically asymptomatic and'canmot be effectively detected by standard diagnostic *** mechanisms underlying IH are unknown but there is evidence that stress-induced disorders inadrenergic regulation of cerebral venous blood flow (CVbF) are among the main *** and qualitative:could significantly advance understanding ofthe nature of I in newbornslth1sions of CVbF in newborn rats withan experimental model of *** analysis is bas ed on theDoppler optical coheavelet-based approachthat provides sensitiv external *** resultsccompanied by asupprectivity to *** show that the values0bnormal reactions associated with the developent of *** conclude that t he revealed areactivity of the cerebral veins to adrenaline represents a possible mechanism responsible forpat hological changes in CVbF.

关键词： brain hemorhages optical coherence tomography cerebrovascular dynamics wavelet analy sis stress.

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零部件制造商加工制造能力考核评价方法的研究

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机械设计与制造 2006年第2期 122-124页

作者：张海燕 V.V.pavlov 李宗斌姜莉莉刘作毅广东工业大学广州510090 国立莫斯科工业大学西安交通大学西安710000

在全球经济一体化的环境下,复杂产品的制造是由多个制造商共同完成。为考核不同制造商零部件的加工能力,需要对制造商的加工能力进行分析。在简单叙述多色集合和多色图的基础上,运用多色集合理论及多色图,建立了产品加工系统的数学模型... 详细信息

在全球经济一体化的环境下,复杂产品的制造是由多个制造商共同完成。为考核不同制造商零部件的加工能力,需要对制造商的加工能力进行分析。在简单叙述多色集合和多色图的基础上,运用多色集合理论及多色图,建立了产品加工系统的数学模型,然后根据多色集合的析取和合取形式,对制造商的加工能力给出了分析预测的数学公式和方法。用案例说明了应用上述理论的步骤和方法。

关键词：零部件制造能力评价考核仿真

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Nostoc Linckia as biosorbent of Chromium and Nickel from Electroplating Industry Wastewaters

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材料科学与工程（中英文b版） 2014年第8期4卷 242-247页

作者： Inga Zinicovscaia Liliana Cepoi Ana Valuta Liudmila Rudi Otilia Ana Culicov Marina Vladimirovna Elena Ivanovna Kirkesali Sergey Serghevich pavlov Tatiana Mitina Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna 1419890 Russia Institute of Microbiology and biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Chisinau 2028 R. Moldova The Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Chisinau 2028 R. Moldova National R&D Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest 030138 Romania

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Pentadecapeptide bPC 157 resolves Pringle maneuver in rats,both ischemia and reperfusion

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第5期12卷 184-206页

作者： Marijan Kolovrat Slaven Gojkovic Ivan Krezic Dominik Malekinusic borna Vrdoljak Katarina Kasnik Kovac Tamara Kralj Domagoj Drmic Ivan barisic Katarina Horvat pavlov Andreja Petrovic Antonija Duzel Mario Knezevic Ivan Mirkovic Antonio Kokot Alenka boban blagaic Sven Seiwerth Predrag Sikiric Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology School of MedicineUniversity of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia

bACKGROUND The Pringle maneuver[portal triad obstruction(PTO)]provides huge disturbances during ischemia and even more thereafter in ***,a possible solution may be stable gastric pentadecapeptide bPC 157,with already documented beneficial effects in ischemia/reperfusion ***,bPC 157,as a cytoprotective agent,successfully resolved vessel occlusions in rats(ischemic colitis;deep vein thrombosis,superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein;bile duct cirrhosis)through rapid collateral vessel recruitment to circumvent vessel ***,medication bPC 157 regimens were administered as a single challenge before and during ischemia or,alternatively,at various time points during *** To introduce bPC 157 therapy against pringle *** In deeply anesthetised rats,the portal triad was clamped up for 30 *** then underwent reperfusion for either 15 min or 24 ***[(10μg,10 ng/kg)regimens,administered as a single challenge]picked(a)ischemia,PTO period[at 5 min before(ip)or at 5 or 30 min of ligation time(as a bath to PTO)]or(b)reperfusion,post-PTO period[at 1 or 15 min(bath during surgery)or 24 h(ip)reperfusion-time].We provided gross,microscopy,malondialdehyde,serum enzymes,electrocardiogram,portal,caval,and aortal pressure,thrombosis and venography *** bPC 157 counteracts electrocardiogram disturbances(increased P wave amplitude,S1Q3T3 QRS pattern and tachycardia).Rapidly presented vascular pathway(portal vein-superior mesenteric vein-inferior mesenteric vein-rectal veins-left ileal vein-inferior caval vein)as the adequate shunting immediately affected disturbed *** hypertension and severe aortal hypotension during PTO,as well as portal and caval hypertension and mild aortal hypotension in reperfusion and refractory ascites formation were markedly attenuated(during PTO)or completely abrogated(reperfusion);thrombosis in portal vein tributaries and inferior caval vein o

关键词： bPC 157 Pringle maneuver Rats Portal hypertension Caval hypertension Ischemia

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时间性

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作者： (澳)拉塞尔·韦斯特·巴甫洛夫(Russell West-pavlov)

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