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Alternative approach of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: abbreviated MRI

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第9期6卷 39-54页

作者： Ryan L.brunsing Kathryn j.fowler Takeshi Yokoo Guilherme Moura Cunha Claude b.Sirlin Robert M.Marks Department of Radiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Liver Imaging Group Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Department of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Department of Radiology Naval Medical Center San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92134USA Department of Radiology Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD 20892USA.

This review focuses on emerging abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging(AMRI)surveillance of patients with chronic liver disease for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This surveillance strategy has been proposed as a high-sensitivity alternative to ultrasound for identification of patients with early-stage HCC,particularly in patients with cirrhosis or obesity,in whom sonographic visualization of small tumors may be *** general AMRI approaches have been developed and studied in the literature-non-contrast AMRI,dynamic contrast-enhanced AMRI,and hepatobiliary phase contrast-enhanced AMRI-each comprising a small number of selected sequences specifically tailored for HCC *** rationale,general technique,advantages and disadvantages,and diagnostic performance of each AMRI approach is ***,current gaps in knowledge and future directions are *** on emerging evidence,we cautiously recommend the use of AMRI for HCC surveillance in situations where ultrasound is compromised.

关键词： Abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging cirrhosis Hepatitis b hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance magnetic resonance imaging

The diverse landscape of Ab5-type toxins

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第4期3卷 90-104页

作者： Paris I.brown Adaobi Ojiakor Antonio j.Chemello Casey C.fowler Department of biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G2E9Canada

Ab_(5)-type toxins are a group of secreted protein toxins that are central virulence factors for bacterial pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae,Vibrio cholerae,bordetella pertussis,and certain lineages of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella ***_(5) toxins are composed of an active(A)subunit that manipulates host cell biology in complex with a pentameric binding/delivery(b)subunit that mediates the toxin’s entry into host cells and its subsequent intracellular *** speaking,all known Ab_(5)-type toxins adopt similar structural architectures and employ similar mechanisms of binding,entering and trafficking within host *** this,there is a remarkable amount of diversity amongst Ab_(5)-type toxins;this includes different toxin families with unrelated activities,as well as variation within families that can have profound functional *** this review,we discuss the diversity that exists amongst characterized Ab_(5)-type toxins,with an emphasis on the genetic and functional variability within Ab_(5) toxin families,how this may have evolved,and its impact on human disease.

关键词： bacterial pathogenesis Pathogen evolution Ab-type toxins Ab5-type toxins Shiga toxin Cholera toxin Heat-labile toxin Pertussis toxin Typhoid toxin ArtAb toxin

A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark j.blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand better border biosecurity(b3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

bactrocera tryoni and bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

Intravenous immune globulin suppresses angiogenesis in mice and humans

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 141-148页

作者： Reo Yasuma Valeria Cicatiello Takeshi Mizutani Laura Tudisco Younghee Kim Valeria Tarallo Sasha bogdanovich Yoshio Hirano Nagaraj Kerur Shengjian Li Tetsuhiro Yasuma b.njamin j fowler Charles b Wright Ivana Apicella Adelaide Greco Arturo brunetti balamurali K Ambati Sevim barbasso Helmers Ingrid E Lundberg Ondrej Viklicky jeanette HW Leusen j Sjef Verbeek bradley D Gelfand Ana bastos-Carvalho Sandro De Falco jayakrishna Ambati Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Ophthalmology Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan Angiogenesis Lab Institute of Genetics and Biophysics—CNRNaplesItaly bio-Ker MultiMedica GroupNaplesItaly Department of Physiology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Advanced biomedical Sciences University of Naples‘Federico II’NaplesItaly CEINGE—biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l.NaplesItaly Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Moran Eye CenterUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Ophthalmology Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUTUSA Rheumatology Unit Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden Department of Nephrology Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePrague 4Czech Republic Immunotherapy Laboratory Laboratory for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of biomedical Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA IRCCS MultiMedica MilanoItaly

Human intravenous immune globulin(IVIg),a purified IgG fraction composed of~60%IgG1 and obtained from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors,is clinically used for a wide range of *** biological actions of IVIg are incompletely understood and have been attributed both to the polyclonal antibodies therein and also to their IgG(IgG)Fc ***,we demonstrated that multiple therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner via FcγRI,a high-affinity receptor for *** we show that IVIg possesses similar anti-angiogenic activity and inhibited blood vessel growth in five different mouse models of prevalent human diseases,namely,neovascular age-related macular degeneration,corneal neovascularization,colorectal cancer,fibrosarcoma and peripheral arterial ischemic *** was mediated by the Fc region of IVIg,required FcγRI and had similar potency in transgenic mice expressing human Fcγ***,IVIg therapy administered to humans for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases reduced kidney and muscle blood vessel *** data place IVIg,an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration,as a novel angioinhibitory drug in doses that are currently administered in the clinical *** addition,they raise the possibility of an unintended effect of IVIg on blood vessels.

关键词： doses inhibited degeneration

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影响冬小麦锻炼和存活的因素

麦类作物学报 1984年第4期 22-24页

作者： L.V.Gusta D.b.fowler N.j.Tyler 朱根海

1 引言决定一种植物适应性和分布区域的重要因素之一是它们对低温的忍耐力。它的生存依赖于冷驯化或锻炼过程。冬小麦的冷驯化是在遗传系统的控制下受低温诱导的。这个锻炼过程所需的能量不是来自种子的贮藏物,就是来自光合产物。任何... 详细信息

1 引言决定一种植物适应性和分布区域的重要因素之一是它们对低温的忍耐力。它的生存依赖于冷驯化或锻炼过程。冬小麦的冷驯化是在遗传系统的控制下受低温诱导的。这个锻炼过程所需的能量不是来自种子的贮藏物,就是来自光合产物。任何形式的胁迫,例如含盐量,营

关键词：冬小麦品种低温诱导遗传系统锻炼过程光合产物半致死温度冷驯化抗寒性水分亏缺温度条件

Human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 158-171页

作者： Sasha bogdanovich Younghee Kim Takeshi Mizutani Reo Yasuma Laura Tudisco Valeria Cicatiello Ana bastos-Carvalho Nagaraj Kerur Yoshio Hirano judit Z baffi Valeria Tarallo Shengjian Li Tetsuhiro Yasuma Parthasarathy Arpitha b.njamin j fowler Charles b Wright Ivana Apicella Adelaide Greco Arturo brunetti Menotti Ruvo Annamaria Sandomenico Miho Nozaki Ryo Ijima Hiroki Kaneko Yuichiro Ogura Hiroko Terasaki balamurali K Ambati jeanette HW Leusen Wallace Y Langdon Michael R Clark Kathryn L Armour Pierre bruhns j Sjef Verbeek bradley D Gelfand Sandro De Falco jayakrishna Ambati Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan Department of Ophthalmology Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan Angiogenesis Lab Institute of Genetics and Biophysics—CNRNaplesItaly bio-Ker MultiMedica GroupNaplesItaly Department of Advanced biomedical Sciences University of Naples‘Federico II’NaplesItaly CEINGE—biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l.NaplesItaly Istituto di biostrutture e bioimmagini CNRNaplesItaly Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Moran Eye CenterUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Ophthalmology Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUTUSA Immunotherapy Laboratory Laboratory for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Division of Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Immunology Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and PathologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale(INSERM)U1222 ParisFrance Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of biomedical Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA IRCCS MultiMedica MilanoItaly Department of Physiology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA.

Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10%of the world’s *** most widely used antiangiogenic drug is bevacizumab,a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human *** bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa,it inhibits angiogenesis in *** we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI(CD64)and c-Cbl,impairing macrophage *** approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets(adalimumab,alemtuzumab,ofatumumab,omalizumab,palivizumab and tocilizumab),mouse IgG2a,and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc,also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized *** anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown,Fc cleavage,IgG-Fc inhibition,disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction,or elimination of FcRγ-initated ***,bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA ***,mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological *** findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.

关键词： CD64 angiogenesis antibodies

蛋氨酸合酶缺乏对视觉系统的功能具有干扰作用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 48-49页

作者： Poloschek C.M. fowler b. Unsold R. Lorenz b. 王文军 Department of Pa ediatric Ophthalmology and Ophthalmogenetics University of Regensburg Franz-J osef-Strau?e-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany

background: Isolated functional methionine synthase defi-ciency occurs in the cblE and cblG defects of methylcobalamin metabolism and is one of a number of c auses of severely elevated plasma homocysteine. Clinical features are predominan tly of a neurological nature but also include functional restriction of the visual system manifesting as loss of visual acui ty and nystagmus. As yet, the origin and pathogenesis of impaired vision have no t been explained. Materials and methods: We investigated a patientwhowas proven by complementation analysis in cultured fibroblasts to belong to the cblG comple mentation group. Ganzfeld electroretinograms (ERG)-and flash visual evoked pote ntials (VEP) were recorded over a period of 4 years. Results: Amplitudes of all International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard responses were below normal. The greatest reductions were of rod response to 24 μV, of standard combined response (SC) b-wave to 120 μV, of oscillatory poten tials (OP) to 5 μV, of cone response b-wave to 35 μV, and of 30Hz flicker res ponse to 8 μV. Except for SC and cone a-waves at age 2.5 and 3.5 years, as wel l as cone b-wave at 3.5 years, amplitudes remained at a subnormal level at foll ow-up examinations. Implicit times were slightly prolonged (SC b-wave 6 ms, OP s 2 ms, cone b-wave 2 ms, 30 Hz flicker 4 ms) or fell within the normal range. Responses of the flash VEP were severely deformed but reproducible. Conclusions: This is the first report of detailed investigations of the visual system in a p atient with isolated methionine synthase deficiency. Reduced oscillatory potenti als suggest microvascular damage to the retina through homocysteine. Decreased p hotoreceptor function as well as ganglion cell loss as indicated by pathological flash VEPs may reflect a cytotoxic impact of homocysteine on neurons of the vis ual pathway.

关键词：视觉系统干扰作用合酶视网膜电图视杆细胞视网膜微血管成纤维细胞光感受器闪烁光视锥细胞

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矿物质营养中的螯合物与配位体

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 1992年第6期12卷 17-18页

作者：徐子伟 j. K. Thompson V. R. fowler

金属可与许多有机分子发生反应而生成可溶性络合物。其中一些称为螯合物。整合物通常含有包括一个金属离子在内的5～6员杂环。根据Kincaid(1989)定义,螯合剂必须至少拥有两个基团,其中每一个基团都能提供一个电子对,并且两个基团的位置... 详细信息

金属可与许多有机分子发生反应而生成可溶性络合物。其中一些称为螯合物。整合物通常含有包括一个金属离子在内的5～6员杂环。根据Kincaid(1989)定义,螯合剂必须至少拥有两个基团,其中每一个基团都能提供一个电子对,并且两个基团的位置应能使其和该金属原子形成一个环状结构。在利用矿物质的许多反应中已鉴明了一些自然产生的螫合物。例如某些细菌可向周围环境中分泌赘合剂与铁结合,微生物还可制造钴胺素物质(包括维生素b_(12))。动物能合成一种卟啉环,该环能与铁和其他金属形成络合物。另外。

关键词：饲料矿物质营养螯合物配位体

鱼鳞病患儿生长异常的病理生理学基础:对皮肤超微结构、表皮通透性的屏障功能和能量消耗的评估

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 35-36页

作者： Moskowitz D.G. fowler A.j. Heyman M.b. M.L.Williams 王一飞 Depts.of Dermatology and PediatricsUniv.of California San Francisco And the Dept.of Vet.Aff.Med.Ctr.San FranciscoCAUnited States

目的:因为在许多鱼鳞病例中都发现有表皮渗透屏障的损害,笔者研究了屏障障碍对鱼鳞病患儿的热量供给和生长异常的影响。研究设计:评估10例鱼鳞病和生长异常的就诊患儿的透过表皮的水分丢失(TEWL)和渗透屏障的超微结构参数。营养的获取... 详细信息

目的:因为在许多鱼鳞病例中都发现有表皮渗透屏障的损害,笔者研究了屏障障碍对鱼鳞病患儿的热量供给和生长异常的影响。研究设计:评估10例鱼鳞病和生长异常的就诊患儿的透过表皮的水分丢失(TEWL)和渗透屏障的超微结构参数。营养的获取、静息能量消耗以及由于蒸发所造成的热量丢失都会起到一定作用。结果:在所有研究的患儿中,平均基础TEWL率比预期的正常高限[8.7ml/(m2·h)]明显升高[39.6±20.6 ml/ (m2·h)]。对渗透屏障的超微结构的异常程度进行半定量评估,其值与平均基础TEWL率高度相关(P< 0.001)。所有患儿每日全部TEWL有所升高(746±468 ml/d vs 209 ml/d),从而也导致通过热量蒸发而损失能量增加为433±272 kcal/d[21±9.8 kcal/(kg·h)]。总的来说,营养的摄取超过了需要量,但6例患儿中有5 例其静息能量消耗超过了预期值,并且与平均基础TEWL率高度相关(P<0.005)。结论:鱼鳞病患儿的渗透屏障功能障碍能够导致大量水分和热量的慢性丢失, 进而影响其生长发育。

关键词：鱼鳞病超微结构病理生理学基础屏障功能通透性渗透屏障正常高限静息能量消耗功能障碍损失能量