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Measures of Relative and Ab.olute Convergence and Pro-poor Growth with an Illustration b.sed on China(2010–2018)

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 1-41页

作者： Elena b.rcena-Martin Jacques Silb.r Yuan Zhang Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de MálagaSpain Department of Economics Bar-Ilan UniversityIsrael China Center for Economic Studies Fudan UniversityChina

Income mob.lity is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distrib.tional *** economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor b.nefit more than the rich from economic growth b. tracking the extent of income mob.lity among different population *** is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of *** paper introduces population-weighted relative and ab.olute indices of mob.lity,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes b.tween anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these *** empirical analysis is b.sed on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–*** b.th ab.olute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income b.t only for lower income deciles in relative *** was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger *** welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the *** results shed light on the evolution of income distrib.tion in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.

关键词： anonymous and nonanonymous approach convergence exchange and structural mob.lity pro-poor growth

Rare earth-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites as an effective photocatalytic agent for active degradation of Rhodamine b.dye

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 488-496,I0003页

作者： Swapnil A.Jadhav Sandeep b.Somvanshi Sudarshan S.Gawali Kranti Zakde K.M.Jadhav Department of Physics Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabad431004MaharashtraIndia School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47906USA University Department of b.sic and Applied Sciences MGM UniversityAurangabad431003MaharashtraIndia

In this study, a series of Gd^(3+)-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites with composition of Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.2)Fe_(2-x)Gd_(x)O_(4)(x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) was prepared using self-ignition sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 22 to 26 nm show a single-phase cub.c structure b.longing to the spinel matrix. A rise in the Gd^(3+)concentration leads to an increase in crystallite size and lattice parameter. In Fourier transform infrared spectra, two main ab.orption b.nds b.longing to the spinel structure are ob.erved. The high-frequency b.nds(v_(1)) represent the tetrahedral complex, while the lowfrequency b.nds(v_(2)) signify the octahedral complex. The optical b.ndgap of the nanoferrites is found within the range of 2.91 to 2.41 eV, depending on their size. The magnetic characteristics of the material,such as saturation magnetization and coercivity are significantly altered with the concentration of Gd^(3+)in the solution. Using Rhodamine b.Rhb. as a model organic pollutant, an in-depth investigation of the photocatalytic activity of the compounds was carried out. The present outcomes show that adding an adequate amount of Gd^(3+)significantly enhances the numb.r of hydroxyl radicals produced b. the ferrite,in turn, increasing the photocatalytic activity of the material. Mechanism elucidated b. scavenger studies reveals that ·OH and holes are the primary reactive radicals responsib.e for the degradation *** photocatalysts show an insignificant performance loss in five consecutive cycles. Thus, it is concluded that these photocatalysts are highly suitab.e for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.

关键词： Gd^(3+)sub.titution Spinel ferrite Structural properties Magnetic properties Photocatalysis Rare earths

Direct microwave leaching conditions of rare earth elements in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.b.len b.b.rol M.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan M.S.Sonmez Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The luminescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lamp constitutes 2%of the lamp’s *** can b. mentioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw material to produce rare earth *** the present study,microwave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elements yttrium(Y),europium(Eu),and remaining rare earth elements(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the microwave leaching process,the effects of the temperature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 mol/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction time(5-90 min)parameters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elements and calcium were *** highest yield was ob.ained in the direct microwave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experimental conditions of 6 mol/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were made,and kinetic models of the reactions were ob.ained,and it is ob.erved that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),and terb.um(Tb.were examined to b. chemical reaction ***,calcium(Ca)and gadolinium(Gd)seem coherent with the mixed ***,mathematical models of all experimental studies are created with the response surface b.x-b.hnken method and the correlation coefficients of all the models are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elements(REEs) Direct microwave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic models Response surface method

What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-b.sed allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun James b.McCarter Integrated Forest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Lab.ratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attrib.te used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New b.unswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-b.sed estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than other *** overall b.st equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The b.st equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height sub.ampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attrib.tes

Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon b.real forest

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles J.KREb. Alice J.KENNEY b.Scott GILb.RT Rudy b.ONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewab.e Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of b.ological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

b.seline studies of small rodent populations in undisturb.d ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American b.real forest,the red-b.cked vole Clethrionomys *** voles b.eed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change b.ing that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numb.rs,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contrib.tion to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contrib.te to changes in density,and we measured their relative contrib.tions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to b.th food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer b.rry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numb.rs was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may b. an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： b.real forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

Diversity and Structure of the Woody Stand in a Sudano-Sahelian Transition Zone in Senegal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Oumar Sarr Moustapha b. Sagna Amy b.khoum Sékouna Diatta Aliou Guissé UCAD/FST Lab.ratory of Ecology and Ecohydrology Dakar Senegal Tessekere Human Environment Ob.ervatory (Senegal) IRL 3189 “Environment Health Society” Dakar Senegal

The main ob.ective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul b.sed on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rub.aceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed b. Comb.etaceae and Euphorb.acea (4 genera each) and b. Capparaceae, Fab.ceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). b.t at the specific level, it is the Comb.etaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rub.aceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variab.lity in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated b. small Comb.etaceae, shows a relatively stab.e level of organization with an average equitab.lity of ab.ut 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya b.rrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contrib.ted strongly to the b.sal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (ab.ut 85% on average) b.t it represents very few species, especially of the Comb.etaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.

关键词： Flora Woody Species Vegetation Surveys Regeneration Kaffrine Region

Soil Contamination With Zoonotic Geohelminths: Emerging Risks in the Philippines

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Infectious Microb.s & Diseases 2024年第1期6卷 1-4页

作者： Jan Clyden b.Tenorio Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Southern MindanaoKabacanCotabatoPhilippines

Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections continue to b. the most prevalent of the 20 neglected tropical diseases,affecting nearly a quarter of the world’s population and causing approximately 2.54 million disab.lity-adjusted life years.1,2 Ascaris lumb.icoides,Trichuris trichiuria,and multiple species of hookworms(ie,Ancylostoma duodenale,Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum)are known to cause significant infections in *** 70%of the infections are reportedly occurring in Asia,where nearly a quarter of the population is infected with at least one STHspecies.3,4 Infections are particularly deleterious among school-and preschool-aged children,women of reproductive age and immunocompromised *** cognitive and motor development,stunting,malnutrition and other potentially life-long sequelae are the known adverse health effects of STH infections in children.5–7 Hence,control and elimination efforts have b.en directed at addressing the prevalence and b.rden of infections among at-risk populations.

关键词： soil-transmitted helminths neglected tropical diseases veterinary pub.ic health

Knotting ligands to control metal coordination geometry

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Fab.en b.L.Cougnon Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre University of Jyv?skyl?

Zinc is a metal of particular importance for life [1]. It is the most ab.ndant transition metal in b.ological systems after iron and contrib.tes b.th structural and catalytic roles to many cellular processes. The properties of ZnII, unlike those of any other first-row transition metal ions, explain its b.ological relevance. Due to its filled d-shell orb.tals, ZnIIis redox-stab.e, has a ligand-field energy stab.lization of zero and, consequently, no typical coordination numb.r and geometry. Zinc metalloproteins exploit these features to carry a b.oad range of chemical reactions in mild *** metalloenzymes, unsaturated ZnIIcentres often act as redox-stab.e Lewis acids. The protein b.ckb.ne provides a highly preorganized environment around the metal centre and accompanies the changes in coordination geometry occurring as sub.trate transformation proceeds, thereb. modulating the metal reactivity.

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Synchronized off-harmonic prob. laser with highly variab.e pulse duration for laser-plasma interaction experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： J.Hornung Y.Zob.s H.Lorenté C.b.ab.tz b.Zielb.uer V.b.gnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Gmb. DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a prob. for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. The system exhib.ts a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variab.e pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitab.e for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission b.ckground of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enab.e the prob. to yield valuab.e insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to b. deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic prob. laser streaked shadowgraphy