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Structural and Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Modified Hummers’Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2016年第6期52卷 175-185页

作者： N.Selvakumar Uday pradhan S.b.Krupanidhi Harish C.barshilia Nanomaterials Research Lab Surface Engineering DivisionCSIR-National Aerospace LaboratoriesBangalore-560017India Materials Research Center Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore-560012India

Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Hummers’*** interlayer spacings of graphite,graphite oxide and graphene oxide were measured using X-ray diffraction *** C/O atomic ratios of graphite oxide and graphene oxide were calculated from XPS *** transformation of graphite to graphite oxide and finally to graphene oxide was clearly observed from the micro-Raman spectroscopy data and was confirmed from the FESEM ***-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer was used to study the absorbance of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide ***,the chemically reduced graphene oxide was heat-treated in air to obtain chemically modified graphene.

关键词： Graphene oxide Graphite,modified Hummers’method thermal annealing optical properties

Habitat heterogeneity influences avian feeding guild composition in urban landscapes:evidence from bhubaneswar,India

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 418-427页

作者： bibhu Prasad Panda b.Anjan Kumar Prusty biswajit Panda Abanti pradhan Siba Prasad Parida Environmental Sciences Department of Chemistry and BBRCITERSiksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Natural Resources Management and Geoinformatics Khallikote UniversityBerhampurOdishaIndia Department of Stem Cell Facility All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Zoology School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarOdishaIndia.

background:Habitat heterogeneity clearly distinguished in terms of availability of food and habitat resources and landscape features(natural or human-modified)play a crucial role in the avian species composition and population *** examine this,a study was carried out in bhubaneswar,India,to understand the ecological niche distinction in birds based on habitat *** sampling was conducted in 30 sampling sites covering six different habitat types in a predominantly urban landscape of bhubaneswar for understanding the ecological niche in *** birds were classified into 11 types of foraging ***:The insectivorous guild had the highest bird species richness(181 species)and the omnivorous guild had the lowest(11 species).The piscivorous guild and wetland habitat had the strongest linkage,followed by the insectivorous guild and agricultural *** frugivorous guild was significantly correlated with forest habitats(r=0.386,pbitats(r=0.281,pban area hosted a higher number of bird species in certain habitat types,viz.,agricultural lands(52%,115 species)and forest patches(50%,111 species).Conclusion:The present study highlights the importance of agricultural lands,forest patches,parks and gardens,and wetlands inside the cityscape for supporting *** is therefore suggested that such habitats should be conserved inside an urban area to protect native ***,the city development plan must invariably include strategies for conserving the forest patches inside the urban *** must be taken to restrain the degradation of agricultural lands and reduce their utilization for non-agricultural purposes,which will help in further reducing the bird population decline in the urban landscape.

关键词： bird species richness Community structure Feeding guild Habitat characteristics Urban area

Prediction of spatial soil loss impacted by long-term land-use/land-cover change in a tropical watershed

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 389-403页

作者： J.H.Abdulkareem b.pradhan W.N.A.Sulaiman N.R.Jamil Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Department of Soil Science Institute for Agricultural Research/Faculty of AgricultureAhmadu Bello University Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGeospatial Information Science Research Center (GISRC)Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Centre for Advanced Modeling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS) Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology Sydney Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Choongmu-gwanSejong University

The devastating effect of soil erosion is one of the major sources of land degradation that affects human lives in many ways which occur mainly due to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, overgrazing,wildfire and urbanization. Soil erosion often leads to soil truncation, loss of fertility, slope instability, *** causes irreversible effects on the poorly renewable soil resource. In view of this, a study was conducted in Kelantan River basin to predict soil loss as influenced by long-term land use/land-cover(LULC) changes in the area. The study was conducted with the aim of predicting and assessing soil erosion as it is influenced by long-term LULC changes. The 13,100 km^2 watershed was delineated into four sub-catchments Galas, Pergau, Lebir and Nenggiri for precise result estimation and ease of execution. GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) model was used to predict soil loss in this study. The model inputs used for the temporal and spatial calculation of soil erosion include rainfall erosivity factor,topographic factor, land cover and management factor as well as erodibility factor. The results showed that 67.54% of soil loss is located under low erosion potential(reversible soil loss) or 0-1 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) soil loss in Galas, 59.17% in Pergau, 53.32% in Lebir and 56.76% in Nenggiri all under the 2013 LULC *** from the correlation of soil erosion rates with LULC changes indicated that cleared land in all the four catchments and under all LULC conditions(1984-2013) appears to be the dominant with the highest erosion losses. Similarly, grassland and forest were also observed to regulate erosion rates in the area. This is because the vegetation cover provided by these LULC types protects the soil from direct impact of rain drops which invariably reduce soil loss to the barest minimum. Overall, it was concluded that the results have shown the significance of LULC in the control of erosion. Maps generated from the study may be usef

关键词： Soil erosion USLE Landuse/cover changes GIS Malaysia

Effect of equiproprotional substitution of Zn and Mn in baTiO_(3)ceramic-An index to multiferroic applications

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2012年第3期1卷 241-248页

作者： S.K.DAS P.P.ROUT S.K.pradhan b.K.ROUL Institute of Materials Science Planetarium BuildingAcharya ViharBhubaneswar 751013India

This paper reports that ferromagnetism(FM)can be induced in ferroelectric barium titanate(baTiO_(3))ceramic with selection of appropriate substituents like Zn and *** density polycrystalline samples of Zn and Mn substituted baTiO_(3)(ba_(1-x)Zn_(x)Ti_(1-x)Mn_(x)O_(3),x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08 and 0.1)were prepared using slow step solid state sintering technique to study the effect of equiproprotional substituents on structural,ferroelectric and magnetic properties of baTiO_(3)(bTO).High precision electrical and magnetic measurements were carried out along with XRD,XPS,and SEM to understand and co-relate magnetic and ferroelectric hysteresis loop observed at room temperature with different values of‘x’.It is seen that ferroelectric hysteresis loop(P~E)is deteriorated(became lossy type)with the increase of Zn and Mn ***,at x=0.1,the material showed the signature of room temperature ferromagnetism,which is an index for bTO to became a promising material for multiferroic applications.M~H loops observed in Zn and Mn substituted bTO are expected to be due to the formation of oxygen vacancies and exchange interaction induced magnetism.

关键词： ceramic magnetism hexagonal polarization

bianchi Type-Ⅲ String Cosmological Models with Time Dependent bulk Viscosity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第2期24卷 585-588页

作者： bALI Raj pradhan Anirudh Department of Mathematics University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302 004 India Department'of Mathematics Hindu Post-Graduate College Zamania-232 331 Ghazipur India

bianchi type-Ⅲ string cosmological models with bulk viscous fluid for massive string are investigated. To obtain the determinate model of the universe, we assume that the coeffcient of bulk viscosity ξ is inversely proportional to the expansion θ in the model and expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear g. This leads to b =lC^n, where l and n are constants. behaviour of the model in the presence and absence of bulk viscosity is discussed. The physical implications of the models are also discussed in detail.

关键词： Cosmological Dependent

Assessment of Above-and below-Ground Carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of bhopal, India

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第4期8卷 60-76页

作者： Subhajit KARMAKAR bhabani Sankar pradhan Ankit bHARDWAJ b.K.PAVAN Rishabh CHATURVEDI Pradeep CHAUDHRY Indian Institute of Forest Management

This study estimated 18.35 Mg C/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg C/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of Indian Institute of Forest Management(IIFM), bhopal,resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre(0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg C/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia(2.11 Mg C/ha), Azadirachta indica(1.29 Mg C/ha),Gardenia latifolia(1.26 Mg C/ha) and Lannea coromandelica(1.24 Mg C/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation(15 Mg C/ha). It is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

关键词： Above-ground biomass carbon stock basal area urban forest tropical dry deciduous forest carbon dioxide sequestration

bayesian inference and life testing plans for generalized exponential distribution

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第6期52卷 1373-1388页

作者： KUNDU Debasis pradhan biswabrata Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India Statistical Quality Control & Operations Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute203 B.T.RoadKolkata700108India

Recently generalized exponential distribution has received considerable attentions. In this paper, we deal with the bayesian inference of the unknown parameters of the progressively censored generalized exponential distribution. It is assumed that the scale and the shape parameters have independent gamma priors. The bayes estimates of the unknown parameters cannot be obtained in the closed form. Lindley’s approximation and importance sampling technique have been suggested to compute the approximate bayes estimates. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method has been used to compute the approximate bayes estimates and also to construct the highest posterior density credible intervals. We also provide different criteria to compare two different sampling schemes and hence to find the optimal sampling schemes. It is observed that finding the optimum censoring procedure is a computationally expensive process. And we have recommended to use the sub-optimal censoring procedure, which can be obtained very easily. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the different methods and one data analysis has been performed for illustrative purposes.

关键词： shape parameter scale parameter Markov Chain Monte Carlo importance Sampling fisher information matrix 62F15 62F10 62F99

Moisture dependent physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria seed

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 111-120页

作者： Prashant Pandharinath Said Rama Chandra pradhan Department of Farm Engineering Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India

The investigation was done to evaluate the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria *** study was conducted at five moisture levels including 8.84%,10.10%,11.89%,12.60%and 15.10%(w.b.).Results showed that the mean value of principal dimensions,average diameters,surface area and 1000 seed mass increased linearly but aspect ratio decreased with increase in moisture *** sphericity increased in the moisture range of 8.84%to 11.89%but decreased with further raise in the moisture up to 15.10%.Gravimetric properties like bulk density increased with increase in moisture content however true density and porosity decreased linearly with increase in moisture *** of repose and terminal velocity increased linearly with moisture content of the *** coefficient of friction increased linearly with seed moisture content on five experimental surfaces(plywood,galvanized iron,glass and plastic).The information pertaining to moisture dependant physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria seeds may become an essential part in design of processing machines and its unit operations,design of dehulling,oil expression and other processing equipments.

关键词： Lagenaria siceraria physical properties angle of repose aspect ratio gravimetric properties sphericity

f(T,b)gravity with statistically fitting of H(z)

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第9期75卷 79-90页

作者： S H Shekh N Myrzakulov A bouali A pradhan Department of Mathematics S.P.M.Science and Gilani ArtsCommerce CollegeGhatanjiYavatmalMaharashtra 445301India L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana 010008Kazakhstan Ratbay Myrzakulov Eurasian International Center for Theoretical Physics Astana010009Kazakhstan Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiation Mohammed I UniversityBP 717OujdaMorocco Centre for Cosmology Astrophysics and Space Science(CCASS)GLA UniversityMathura-281406Uttar PradeshIndia

Some recent developments(accelerated expansion)in the Universe cannot be explained by the conventional formulation of general *** apply the recently proposed f(T,b)gravity to investigate the accelerated expansion of the *** parametrizing the Hubble parameter and estimating the best fit values of the model parameters b_(0),b_(1),and b_(2)imposed from Supernovae type la,Cosmic Microwave background,b aryon Acoustic Oscillation,and Hubble data using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method,we propose a method to determine the precise solutions to the field *** then observe that the model appears to be in good agreement with the observations.A change from the deceleration to the acceleration phase of the Universe is shown by the evolution of the deceleration *** addition,we investigate the behavior of the statefinder analysis,equation of state(EoS)parameters,along with the energy ***,to discuss other cosmological parameters,we consider some wellknown f(T,b)gravity models,specifically,f(T,b)=aT^(b)+cb^(d).Lastly,we find that the considered f(T,b)gravity models predict that the present Universe is accelerating and the EoS parameter behaves like the ACDM model.

关键词： isotropic homogeneous space-time f(T,b)gravity statistical fitting of H(z)data cosmology