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measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1073-1082页

作者： Vijay Kumar shankar bijay mihir KUNAR Chivukula Suryanarayana mURTHY m R RAmESH Department of mining Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India

Rock drilling is an essential operation in mining *** at the bit-rock interface plays a major role in the wear rate of the drill *** paper primarily focuses on the wear rate of tungsten carbide(WC)drill bit and the interrelationship between temperature and wear rate during rotary drilling operations conducted using a computer numerical control(CNC)*** interrelationship between the temperature and wear rate was studied with regard to three types of rock samples,i.e.,fine-grained sandstone(FG)of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)that is 17.83 mPa,medium-grained sandstone(mG)of UCS that is 13.70 mPa,and fine-grained sandstone pink(FGP)of UCS that is 51.67 *** rate of the drill bit has been measured using controlled parameters,i.e.,drill bit diameter(6,8,10,12,and 16 mm),spindle speed(250,300,350,400,and 450 rpm),and penetration rate(2,4,6,8,and 10 mm/min),***,a fully instrumented laboratory drilling set-up was *** weight of each bit was measured after the bit reached 30 mm depth in each type of the rock ***,effects of the bit-rock interface temperature and operational parameters on wear rate of the drill bits were *** results show that the wear rate of drill bits increased with an increase in temperature for all the bit-rock combinations *** is due to the silica content of the rock sample,which leads to an increase in the frictional heat between the bit-rock ***,in case of medium-grained sandstone,the weight percentage(wt%)of SiO2 is around 7.23 wt%,which presents a very low wear rate coefficient of 6.33×10^–2 mg/(N?m).moreover,the temperature rise during drilling is also minimum,i.e.,around 74℃,in comparison to that of fine-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone *** addition,this paper develops the relationship between temperature and wear rate characteristics by employing simple linear regression analysis.

关键词： temperature wear rate drilling simple linear regression

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Heat transfer attributes of Al_(2)O_(3)-Fe_(3)O_(4)/H_(2)O hybrid nanofluid flow over a yawed cylinder

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第3期11卷 416-429页

作者： P.m.Patil H.F.shankar Department of mathematics KLE Technological UniversityB V Bhoomaraddi CampusVidyanagarHubballi-580031India Department of mathematics Karnatak UniversityPavate NagarDharawad-580003India

Flow over yawed and unyawed blunt bodies often occurs in various engineeringapplications. The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder explains the practical significance of subseaapplications such as transference control, separating the boundary layer above submergedblocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. The current study uses viscous dissipation toanalyze the mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow around a yawed cylinder. Unlike the stan-dard nanofluid model, which only considers one type of nanoparticle, this work considers thehybridization of two types of nanoparticles: alumina (Al_(2)O_(3)) and magnetite (Fe_(3)O_(4)). A modelwas developed to investigate the heat transport behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid while account-ing for the solid volume fraction. The flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinearpartial differential equations (NPDEs) subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Thenappropriate non-similar transformations were used to non-dimensionalize the governing equa-tions. Furthermore, the non-dimensional governing equations were solved using the finite dif-ference method (FDm) and the quasilinearisation technique. The effects of water andnanoparticle concentrations on the velocity and the temperature patterns were illustrated graph-ically. The hybrid nanofluid reduces the velocity distribution in the spanwise and chordwise di-rections while increasing the surface drag coefficient. The hybrid nanofluid’s fluid temperatureand energy transport strength was higher than the base fluid and nanofluid. Also, the temper-ature of the fluid rises as the energy transfer strength diminishes due to an increase in the Eckert number, which characterizes viscous dissipation. However, when the yaw angle increases in thechordwise and spanwise directions, so does the fluid’s velocity. The new outcomes werecompared to previously published research and were in good agreement.

关键词： Yawed cylinder mixed convection Hybrid nanofluid Eckert number Finite difference method

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Stiffness of a 3-degree of freedom translational parallel kinematic machine

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Frontiers of mechanical Engineering 2014年第3期9卷 233-241页

作者： S. shankar GANESH A.b. KOTESWARA RAO Department of mechanical Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Visakhapatnam 530048 India

In this paper, a typical 3-degree of freedom （3- DOF） translational parallel kinematic machine （PKm） is studied and analyzed whose tool platform has only translations along X-, Y- and Z-axes. It consists of three limbs, each of which have arm and forearm with prismatic- revolute-revolute-revolute （PRRR）joints. Inverse kine- matics analysis is carried out to find the slider coordinates and joint angles for a given position of tool platform. Stiffness modeling is done based on the compliance matrices of arm and forearm of each limb. Using the stiffness modeling the variations of minimum and max- imum translational stiffness in the workspaee are analyzed. For various architectural parameters of the 3-DOF PKm the tendency of variations on the minimum and maximum stiffness over the entire workspace is studied; and also the deflections of the tool platform along X, Y, and Z directions with respect to various forces are presented.

关键词： 3-DOF translational PKm inverse kine-matics stiffness modeling translational stiffness

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Poly(amaranth) film based sensor for resolution of dopamine in the presence of uric acid:A voltammetric study

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第12期21卷 1490-1492页

作者： Umesh Chandra b.E.Kumara Swamy Ongera Gilbert m.Pandurangachar Sathish Reddy S.Sharath shankar b.S.Sherigara Department of P.G.Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry Kuvempu UniversityJnana SahyadriShankaraghattaShimoga 577 451KarnatakaIndia Department of Chemistry SSMRV Degree CollegeJayanagara 4T BlockBanglore 41KarnatakaIndia

The electropolymerized film of amaranth was prepared on the surface of graphite pencil electrode（GPE） using cyclic voltammetric *** poly（amaranth） film coated electrode exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the detection of dopamine（DA） in the presence of uric acid（UA） in 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer solution at pH *** effect of interference study was carried out using differential pulse voltammetric *** poly（amaranth） modified GPE was applied for the detection of DA in dopamine injection with satisfactory results.

关键词： Poly(amaranth) Graphite pencil electrode Dopamine Uric acid Sensor

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Casson Nanofluid Flow with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux and Chemical Reaction Past a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Porous medium

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Frontiers in Heat and mass Transfer 2024年第4期22卷 1261-1276页

作者： mahzad Ahmed Raja mussadaq Yousaf Ali Hassan b.shankar Goud Department of mathematics Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad45710Pakistan Department of mathematics University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzzaffarabadAzad Kashmir13100Pakistan Department of mathematics University of GujratGujrat50700Pakisan Department of mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of mathematics JNTUH College of EngineeringScience&Technology HyderabadTelangana500085India

In the current work,inclined magnetic field,thermal radiation,and the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux are taken into account as we analyze the impact of chemical reaction on magneto-hydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow on a stretching *** buongiorno’s nanofluid model has been used to model the flow governing *** stretching surface is embedded in a *** using similarity transformations,the nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a set of dimensionless ordinary differential *** numerical solution of transformed dimensionless equations is achieved by applying the shooting procedure together with Rung-Kutta 4th-order method employing *** impact of significant parameters on the velocity profile f(ζ),temperature distributionθ(ζ),concentration profileϕ(ζ),skin friction coefficient(Cf),Nusselt number(Nux)and Sherwood number(Shx)are analyzed and displayed in graphical and tabular *** an increase in Casson fluid 0.5motion of the Casson fluid decelerates whereas the temperature profile *** the thermal relation factor expands 0.1mperature reduces,and consequently thermal boundary layer ***,by raising the level of thermal radiation 1mperature profile significantly improves,and an abrupt expansion has also been observed in the associated thermal boundary with raise thermal radiation *** was observed that higher permeability 0brownian motion levels 0.2bbserved that chemical reaction 0.2model’s significant uses include heat energy enhancement,petroleum recovery,energy devices,food manufacturing processes,and cooling device adjustment,among ***,present outcomes have been found in great agreementwit

关键词： Nanofluid Cattaneo-Christov heat flux stretching sheet porous medium rosseland radiation and first order chemical reaction

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Error analysis and optimization of a 3-degree of freedom translational Parallel Kinematic machine

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Frontiers of mechanical Engineering 2014年第2期9卷 120-129页

作者： S. shankar GANESH A. b. KOTESWARA RAO Department of mechanical Engineering G.V.E College of Engineering Visakhapatnam 530048 India

In this paper, error modeling and analysis of a typical 3-degree of freedom translational Parallel Kine- matic machine is presented. This mechanism provides translational motion along the Cartesian X-, Y- and Z- axes. It consists of three limbs each having an arm and forearm with prismatic-revolute-revolute-revolute joints. The moving or tool platform maintains same orientation in the entire workspace due to its joint arrangement. From inverse kinematics, the joint angles for a given position of tool platform necessary for the error modeling and analysis are obtained. Error modeling is done based on the differentiation of the inverse kinematic equations. Variation of pose errors along X, Y and Z directions for a set of dimensions of the parallel kinematic machine is presented. A non-dimensional performance index, namely, global error transformation index is used to study the influence of dimensions and its corresponding global maximum pose error is reported. An attempt is made to find the optimal dimensions of the Parallel Kinematic machine using Genetic Algorithms in mATLAb. The methodology presented and the results obtained are useful for predicting the performance capability of the Parallel Kinematic machine under study.

关键词： translational Parallel Kinematic machine error modeling global error transformation index

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Intrusion detection and prevention system for an IoT environment

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第4期8卷 540-551页

作者： Ajay Kumar K.Abhishek m.R.Ghalib A.shankar X.Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering NIT PatnaBiharIndia Faculty of Science Engineering Computing(SEC)De Montfort UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of CSE Amity School of Engineering and TechnologyAmity UniversityUttar PradeshIndia Department of Computer Science Middlesex UniversityLondonUK

Internet of Things(IoT)security is the act of securing IoT devices and *** devices,including industrial machines,smart energy grids,and building automation,are extremely *** the goal of shielding network systems from illegal access in cloud servers and IoT systems,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)and Network-based Intrusion Prevention Systems(NbIPSs)are proposed in this *** intrusion prevention system is proposed to realize NbIPS to safeguard top to bottom *** proposed NbIPS inspects network activity streams to identify and counteract misuse *** NbIPS is usually located specifically behind a firewall,and it provides a reciprocal layer of investigation that adversely chooses unsafe *** IPS sensors can be installed either in an inline or a passive *** inline sensor is installed to monitor the traffic passing through *** sensors are installed to stop attacks by blocking the traffic using an IoT signature-based protocol.

关键词： IDS and IPS Cloud Firewall Denial of service Smart environment Internet of things NbIPS

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Efficacy of diurnal bG-Sentinel traps to capture nocturnal adult Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes and impact of altitudinal variations in forests

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2019年第11期12卷 512-519页

作者： Devi shankar Suman Zoological Survey of India New AliporeKolkataWest Bengal700053India

Objective:To establish an efficacious and efficient surveillance method of Armigeres(Ar.)subalbatus,a known filarial vector,surviving in forest habitats to estimate realistic population density and assess the impact of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of the ***:In the study,12 locations in areas with an altitudinal range from 82 m to 920 m were selected in three reserve forests for night sampling of adult *** mosquito using standard chemical lure based bG-Sentinel traps and CDC-light traps in *** of locations and time were estimated on the efficacy of traps as mosquito density using multifactor analysis of variance for significant *** of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of traps was assessed using multiple regression with slope ***:bG-Sentinel trap collected significantly more adult ***,4.43 folds in Gorumara NP,5.19 folds in Neora Valley NP and 12.10 folds in mahananda WLS than the CDC-light trap irrespective to ***-Sentinel traps were tolerant of altitudinal variations(80 m-170 m)and showed no significant relationship between density and altitudes in contrast to CDC-light traps which showed a significant negative impact on capturing efficacy with increase in altitudes(PbG-Sentinel traps can be used effectively and efficiently to collect more *** mosquitoes during night time in comparison to CDC-light trap under complex climatic conditions of forest and variable altitudes.

关键词： mosquitoes Surveillance Adult mosquito traps Altitudinal variations Armigeres subalbatus

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Ultimate Strength Prediction of Carbon/Epoxy Tensile Specimens from Acoustic Emission Data

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 725-729页

作者： V.Arumugam R.Naren shankar b.T.N.Sridhar A.Joseph Stanley Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna University

The objective of this paper was to predict the residual strength of post impacted carbon/epoxy composite laminates using an online acoustic emission （AE） monitoring and artificial neural networks （ANN）. The laminates were made from eight-layered carbon （in woven mat form） with epoxy as the binding medium by hand lay-up technique and cured at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 under room temperature using a 30 ton capacity compression molding machine for 24 h. 21 tensile specimens （ASTm D3039 standard） were cut from the cross ply laminates. 16 specimens were subjected to impact load from three different heights using a Fractovis Plus drop impact tester. both impacted and non-impacted specimens were subjected to uniaxial tension under the acoustic emission monitoring using a 100 kN FIE servo hydraulic universal testing machine. The dominant AE parameters such as counts, energy, duration, rise time and amplitude are recorded during monitoring. Cumulative counts corresponding to the amplitude ranges obtained during the tensile testing are used to train the network. This network can be used to predict the failure load of a similar specimen subjected to uniaxial tension under acoustic emission monitoring for certain percentage of the average failure load.

关键词： Acoustic emission (AE) Carbon/epoxy laminate Tensile testing Artificial neuralnetworks

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Effect of pellet die diameter on density and durability of pellets made from high moisture woody and herbaceous biomass

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第1期1卷 44-54页

作者： Jaya shankar Tumuluru 750 University blvd Biofuels DepartmentEnergy Systems LaboratoryIdaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID 83415-3750USA

Densified products produced from pellet mill are commercially used as a commodity type product for energy applications that are transported nationally and *** quality of the pelletized biomass produced depends on the process variables such as die diameter,length to diameter(L/D)ratio,die speed,preheating,and steam conditioning;and feedstock variables such as feedstock type,moisture content,and particle size and *** the present study,pelleting tests were conducted with both woody(i.e.,lodgepole pine and pinyon-juniper)and herbaceous(i.e.,corn stover,wheat straw,and energy sorghum)biomass.A high level of feedstock moisture content of 33%(w.b.)was selected,while the die speed and preheating temperature process variables were kept at 60 Hz(380 rpm)and 70*** indicated that during the pelleting and cooling process,an approximate 10–13%(w.b.)moisture loss in both the woody and herbaceous biomass was *** high moisture pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70C for three hours to reduce the moisture content of the pellets tob).The dried pellets were then evaluated further for other quality attributes including unit,bulk,and tapped density;and *** pellets that resulted in the highest unit,bulk,and tapped densities following this process were the herbaceous biomass corn stover(e.g.,>1133,>580,>620 kg/m3)and the woody biomass lodgepole pine(e.g.,>1037,>568,>641 kg/m3),*** the case of durability for the 8 mm diameter pellets,wheat straw and corn stover recorded a maximum of about 96%,respectively,while the lodgepole pine and pinion juniper recorded a maximum of>96%,respectively.

关键词： Woody and herbaceous biomass High moisture pelleting Unit bulk density Tapped density Durability

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