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Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from coastal Acid Sulfate Soils:A Short-term Study

Pedosphere 2011年第2期21卷 197-206页

作者： b.c.t.macdonald O.t.DENMEAD I.WHItE G.bYRANt cSIRO Land and Water CanberraACT 2601 (Australia) the Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200 (Australia) University of Wollongong WollongongNSW 2500 (Australia)

NOx and N2O emissions from coastal acid sulfate soils （cASS） cultivated for sugarcane production were investigated on the coastal lowlands of northern New South Wales, Australia. two series of short-term measurements were made using chambers and micrometeorological techniques. Series i occurred during the wet season, the water-filled pore space （WFPS） was between 60%-80% and the site flooded during the measurements. Measurements were made directly after the harvest of soybean crop, which fixed an estimated 100 kg N ha-1, and the emission amounted to 3.2 kg NOx-N ha-1 （12 d） and 1.8 kg N20-N ha-1 （5 d）. Series 2 was made towards the end of the dry season when the WFPS was less than 60%. In Series 2-1 after an application of 50 kg N ha-1, emissions were markedly less, amounting to 0.9 kg N ha 1 over 10 d. During both series when the soil was moist, emissions of NOx were larger than those of N2O. the emission of NOx appeared to be haphazard, with little time dependence, but there was a clear diurnal cycle for N2O, emphasising the need for continuous measurement procedures for both gases. these results suggest that agricultural production on cASS could be important sources of greenhouse gases and nitrogen practices will need to be optimised to reduce the offsite effects of atmospheric warming, acidification or nitrification. Many questions still remain unanswered such as the emissions during the soybean bean filling stage and crop residue decomposition, the longer-term losses following the fertiliser application and emissions from cASS under different land uses.

关键词： denitrification greenhouse gases nitrification nitrogen oxides nitrous oxide

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Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–the University of british columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMbASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRt1/P Gc-1α),SIRt

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

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Developments in Processing of Functionally Gradient Metals and Metal–ceramic composites:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第5期27卷 825-838页

作者： t.P.D.Rajan b.c.Pai Materials Science and technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyIndustrial Estate PO

Functionally gradient/graded materials （FGMs）, an emerging new class of materials, are the outcome of the recent innovative concepts in materials technology. FGMs are in their early stages of evolution and expected to have a strong impact on the design and development of new components and structures with better performance. FGMs exhibit gradual transitions in the microstructure and/or the composition in a specific direction, the presence of which leads to variation in the functional performance within a part. the presence of gradual transitions in material composition in FGMs can reduce or eliminate the deleterious stress concentrations and result in a wide gradation of physical and/or chemical properties within the material. Functionally graded metal-ceramic composites are also getting the attention of the researchers. Among the fabrication routes for FGMs such as chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, the sol-gel technique, plasma spraying, molten metal infiltration, self propagating high temperature synthesis, spray forming, centrifugal casting, etc., the ones based on solidification route are preferred for FGMs because of their economics and capability to make large size products. the present paper discusses and compares various solidification processing tech- niques available for the fabrication of functionally gradient metals and metal-ceramic composites and lists their properties and possible applications. the other processing methods are briefly described.

关键词： Functionally gradient materials Solidification Aluminium centrifugal casting Infiltration

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Quantum communication via controlled holes in the statistical distribution of excitations in a nanoresonator coupled to a cooper pair box

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chinese Physics b 2012年第3期21卷 74-79页

作者： c.Valverde A.t.Avelar b.baseia Universidade Paulista Rod.BR 153km 774845-090 Goia niaGOBrazil Universidade Estadual de Goiás Rod.BR 153310575132-903 AnápolisGOBrazil Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Goiás74001-970 Goia niaGOBrazil

We propose a scheme to transmit information via the statistical distribution of excitations of a nanomechanical resonator. It employs a controllable coupling between this system and a cooper pair box. the success probability and the fidelity are calculated and compared with those obtained in an atom-field system in different regimes. Addtionaly, the scheme can also be applied to prepare low excited Fock states.

关键词： quantum communication quantum state engineering superconducting circuits nanome- chanical resonator

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controlling Excitation Inversion of a cooper Pair box Interacting with a Nanomechanical Resonator

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chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 20-24页

作者： c.Valverde H.c.b.de Oliveira A.t.Avelar b.baseia Instituto de Química Universidade de Brasília70919-970BrasíliaDFBrazil Universidade Estadual de Goiás Rod.BR 15375132-903 AnápolisGOBrazil Universidade Paulista Rod.BR 153km 774845-090 GoianiaGOBrazil Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Goiás74001-970 GoianiaGOBrazil

We investigate the action of time-dependent detunings upon the excitation inversion of a cooper pair box interacting with a nanomechanical *** method employs the Jaynes–cummings model with damping,assuming different decay rates of the cooper pair box and various fixed and time-dependent *** is shown that,when the presence of damping plus constant detunings destroys the collapse/revival effects,convenient choices of time-dependent detunings allow one to reconstruct such events in a perfect *** is also shown that the mean excitation of the nanomechanical resonator is more robust against damping of the cooper pair box for convenient values of time-dependent detunings.

关键词： cooper tuning excitation

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cOORDINAtING A tWO-EcHELON SUPPLY cHAIN tHROUGH DIFFERENt cONtRActS UNDER PRIcE AND PROMOtIONAL EFFORt-DEPENDENt DEMAND

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2013年第3期22卷 295-318页

作者： b.c.GIRI S.bARDHAN t.MAItI Department of Mathematics Jadavpur UniversityIndia

Retail price and promotional effort are two important parameters on which demand of a commodity largely depends. this paper develops and analyzes a two-echelon supply chain where market demand depends on both retail price and sales effort. the centralized model is studied as the benchmark case, and the wholesale price-only contract is studied as the base case in which each entity tries to maximize its individual profit. Different contract mechanisms are implemented to outperform the base case in terms of both total chain＇s as well as individual profits. comparisons among the coordinating contracts are provided so that any entity may choose the better one from available contracts after the contract parameters are negotiated. the model is extensively examined through a numerical example.

关键词： Price and effort-dependent demand wholesale price-only contract wholesale price discount revenue sharing profit sharing two-part tariff

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Nearest Neighbor Sampling of Point Sets Using Rays

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2024年第2期6卷 1131-1174页

作者： Liangchen Liu Louis Ly colin b.macdonald Richard tsai Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA Oden Institute for computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin201 E24th StAustinTX 78712USA Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia1984 Mathematics RdVancouverBCV6T1Z2Canada

We propose a new framework for the sampling,compression,and analysis of distributions of point sets and other geometric objects embedded in Euclidean *** approach involves constructing a tensor called the RaySense sketch,which captures nearest neighbors from the underlying geometry of points along a set of *** explore various operations that can be performed on the RaySense sketch,leading to different properties and potential *** information about the data set can be extracted from the sketch,independent of the ray *** integrals on point sets can be efficiently computed using the *** also present several examples illustrating applications of the proposed strategy in practical scenarios.

关键词： Point clouds Sampling classification Registration Deep learning Voronoi cell analysis

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conceptual design of an experiment to study dust destruction by astrophysical shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： M. J.-E. Manuel t. temim E. Dwek A. M. Angulo E X. belancourt R. E Drake c. c. Kuranz M. J. macdonald b. A. Remington General Atomics 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Observational cosmology Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA climate and Space Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94450 USA

A novel laboratory experimental design is described that will investigate the processing of dust grains in astrophysical shocks. Dust is a ubiquitous ingredient in the interstellar medium(ISM) of galaxies; however, its evolutionary cycle is still poorly understood. Especially shrouded in mystery is the efficiency of grain destruction by astrophysical shocks generated by expanding supernova remnants. While the evolution of these remnants is fairly well understood, the grain destruction efficiency in these shocks is largely unknown. the experiments described herein will fill this knowledge gap by studying the dust destruction efficiencies for shock velocities in the range ～10–30 km/s(μm/ns), at which most of the grain destruction and processing in the ISM takes place. the experiments focus on the study of grain–grain collisions by accelerating small(～1 μm) dust particles into a large(～5–10 μm diameter) population; this simulates the astrophysical system well in that the more numerous, small grains impact and collide with the large population. Facilities that combine the versatility of high-power optical lasers with the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray free-electron lasers, e.g., the Matter in Extreme conditions instrument at the SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory, provide an ideal laboratory environment to create and diagnose dust destruction by astrophysically relevant shocks at the micron scale.

关键词： laboratory astrophysics shock waves dust destruction

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Use of Recycled Glass in Architectural Mortars

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武汉理工大学学报 2010年第17期32卷 231-234,245页

作者： POON c S LING t c b Department of civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

In recent years,recycled glass has been widely used as aggregate replacements in concrete. Owing to the aesthetic potential of the coloured recycled glass,this research aims to fully utilize this advantage for their higher end uses,such as architectural mortar. In this study,architectural white cement mortar was produced with a self consolidating method using recycled glass as the aggregate. An adequate amount of Metakaolin was incorporated into the mortar to mitigate the adverse effect of alkali-silica reaction. the results show that the self-compacting method is suitable to produce architectural mortar containing up to 100% recycled glass. Overall,the performance of all the architectural mortar mixtures in terms of both fresh and hardened properties was good.

关键词： recycled glass self-compacting architectural mortar ASR flexural strength

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Soils and Surface Waters as Affected by Long-term Swine Slurry Application in Oxisols of Southern brazil

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Pedosphere 2014年第5期24卷 585-594页

作者： t.bROEttO c.G.tORNQUISt c.bAYER b.c.cAMPOS c.G.MERtEN b.WOttRIcH Departamento de Solos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) 91540-000 Porto Alegre RS (Brazil) Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/campus Ibirubá

the accelerated expansion of swine production in brazil has increased the generation of liquid wastes, which are usually applied to agricultural soils after a simplified treatment and pose potential environmental impacts. the objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and environmental impacts of long-term application of swine slurry(SS) on soil and stream water properties in watersheds dominated by Oxisols in Quinze de Novembro of Southern brazil. Soil samples(0–30 cm) were collected from farms with continuous application of SS since 1990 at low(40–80 m3 SS ha-1year-1) and high(120–300 m3 SS ha-1year-1) rates of SS. Surface water samples were collected from streams adjacent to the farm fields. Long-term SS application did not change total organic c and particulate organic c compared to cropland and woodland soils without SS application. the high rates of SS increased total N, P, cu,and Zn and available P and cu in the topsoil(0–10 cm) compared to woodland and cropland soils without SS application. Surface water analyses showed that fecal coliform bacteria and biological oxygen demand exceeded the legal limits for high quality water(class 1). Other water parameters(such as NO-3, phosphate and total suspended solids) were within the acceptable limits. Long-term disposal of SS in cropland under no-tillage had impaired water quality in Quinze de Novembro, especially biological parameters. Some best management practices should be adopted, including more rigorous control of SS application to cropland as well as requiring edge-of-field and riparian vegetative buffers.

关键词： no-tillage nutrient balance swine farm water quality watershed

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