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作者： Cheikh ndiaye 江南大学

学位级别：硕士

在发展中国家,大量水果未经加工即以原果直接销售,而加工产品则主要用于出口。芒果(Mangifera indica L),漆树科(Anacardiaceae),是中国热带地区最重要、最普遍、最受欢迎的经济水果之一。但由于粗糙的包装和不恰当的保存,大量芒果腐烂... 详细信息

在发展中国家,大量水果未经加工即以原果直接销售,而加工产品则主要用于出口。芒果(Mangifera indica L),漆树科(Anacardiaceae),是中国热带地区最重要、最普遍、最受欢迎的经济水果之一。但由于粗糙的包装和不恰当的保存,大量芒果腐烂,损失很大。所以,开发新的加工方法以减少损失有重要意义。本论文的目的是开发酶解技术加工芒果浊汁,并研究了芒果浊汁的稳定性,比较了不同杀菌工艺和不同稳定剂对芒果浊汁稳定性的影响。主要研究结果如下: 碳水化合物是中国芒果浆最主要的成分,多酚、胡萝卜素、维生素C、磷的含量也较高。特别是β-胡萝卜素的含量很高,即使经过蒸汽烫4 min,β-胡萝卜素含量依然高达1052μg/100g。原芒果浆和蒸汽热烫过的芒果浆中最重要的风味物质是环己烯。另外,3-蒈烯(3-carene)是芒果中已报道的最重要的风味物质,原果浆中3-蒈烯(3-carene)的含量为3.02%,蒸汽烫过的芒果浆3-蒈烯(3-carene)的含量为0.08%;所以,3-蒈烯(3-carene)对芒果原果浆风味更重要。采用蒸汽热烫钝化芒果内源酶。研究了芒果过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase, PPO)的热稳定性,并且研究了蒸汽烫的时间对芒果颜色的影响。蒸汽烫5 min可以完全钝化POD,蒸汽烫7 min可以完全钝化PPO。蒸汽烫3 min时,POD和PPO分别残留2.85%和8.33%的酶活;与烫5 min的样品相比,残留的酶在保藏期内(20天)对芒果的颜色没有影响。蒸汽烫7 min的芒果的褐变指数稳定但小于蒸汽烫3和5 min的芒果,因为蒸汽热烫的时间太长,非酶褐变较严重。研究发现,黄值(b.)、亮值(L*)与褐变指数(b.)存在正相关关系,而红值(a*)与褐变指数(b.)负相关。使用Pectinex? Ultra SP-L (20-40 ppm)和Cellub.ix? L (15-25 ppm)酶制备了芒果浑浊汁,采用响应面实验优化了时间(30–50 min)、温度(35–55 oC)、pH值(4-5.5)等工艺参数。果汁得率、浑浊稳定性、褐变指数结果表明相关系数(R2)高于0.900。最佳工艺参数是:Pectinex 30 ppm、Cellub.ix 22 ppm、45℃、pH 5.5、酶解43 min。经过其它一些加工和添加稳定剂,可以延长果汁的货架期、改善颜色稳定性、增加营养成分的保留率。而且,果汁加工中不同的工艺如热处理,对果汁的主要成分如总多酚和β-胡萝卜素的影响并不大。研究了CMC、MCC和XG对果汁的稳定效果。MCC和CMC在低浓度下即能稳定果汁颗粒。这是因为CMC和MCC与XG通过静电相互作用稳定果汁体系。然而,静电相互作用不同(排斥或吸引)造成沉淀。但高浓度的稳定剂使果汁太稠,消费者不能接受。0.1%的(MCC + CMC)能增加芒果汁的浑浊稳定性,从而替代(MCC + GG)和(CMC + GG)。采用HPLC测定了果汁中的β-胡萝卜素,结果表明,普通灭菌方法比HTST法条件温和,对?-胡萝卜素含量的影响更小。而两种杀菌方法对芒果果汁中芒果素(Mangiferin)含量的影响基本一致。但是,UHTMCJ中苯甲酸的含量高于STMCJ。SPME-GC/MS的结果表明,加热灭菌完全破坏了3-蒈烯(3-carene)。另外,95℃灭菌10 min和100℃灭菌7 min的果汁中,环己烯是重要的风味物质,而高温短时灭菌(121℃, 30 s)的果汁中丁酸是最主要的风味物质。这些差异与不同灭菌温度有关。 STMCJ的b.值与UHTMCJ的b.值有轻微差异,可能是因为它们的色素如β-胡萝卜素含量之间有差异。与对照相比,STMCJ和UHTMCJ的L*值、a*都没有大的差别。在较低pH (4.5) 95℃杀菌8 min或高温短时灭菌(121℃, 30 s, pH 5或4.5)能够达到灭菌要求,在贮藏中,果汁腐败菌数目符合卫生质量标准。在贮藏中,样品S1的L*值比样品S0下降更多。S0、S1和S2的a*值的差异可能与加工工艺条件不同有关,而b.值的变化与果汁中一些天然色素如β-胡萝卜素的断裂有关。感官评定结果表明,在相同pH下,STMCJ比UHTMCJ的认可度稍高。在5℃的贮藏时,MCJ有很好的悬浮稳定性,而悬浮稳定性是浑浊果汁最重要的质量特性,所以,长期贮存可以采用5℃,而30℃适于短期(4-5周)贮存。

关键词：芒果蒸汽热烫多酚氧化酶过氧化物酶超高温杀菌稳定剂

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Pre-School and School-Aged Children Attending to Fann University Hospital, Dakar: Results from Retrospective Analysis

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 847-860页

作者： Khadime Sylla Doudou Sow Souleye Lelo Cheikh b. Fall Isaac Akhenaton Manga Magatte ndiaye b.b.car Faye Thérèse Dieng Roger Clement Tine Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Lab.ratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Fann Dakar Sénégal Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie UFR Sciences de la Santé Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal Lab.ratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre National Hospitalier d’enfant Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal

b.ckground: Intestinal parasitic infections represent a major pub.ic health prob.em worldwide. Pre-school and school children have a high risk of infection. The study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasitic infections in preschool and school-aged children in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A retrospective analysis of lab.ratory records from preschool and school-aged children referred to the Lab.ratory of Parasitology at the Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, was carried out. The analysis of the period from 2016 to 2020. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasites using direct, formal-ether concentration method and the Modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique. Descriptive and analytic analysis was performed with Stata MP 16.1 software. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 26.8% (429/1603). b.astocystis sp. (34%), Entamaeb. coli (28%), Giardia intestinalis (9.6%), Endolimax nana (4.9%) and Ascaris lumb.icoides (3.5%) were the common parasites found. Out of the 429 children positive for intestinal parasites, protozoa parasites represent 93.9%. Single infection and mixed infection represent 83.7% and 16.3%. The most prevalent associations were E. coli + b.astocystis sp. (6.3%), E. coli + E. nana (3.3%), and G. intestinalis + b.astocystis sp. (1.9%). Children b.tween the ages of 5 - 10 years and those over 10 years had the most parasitic infections with 28.1% [aOR = 1.91;95% CI (1.25 - 2.89)] and 27.4% [aOR = 11.92 (1.07 - 3.07)]. According to the year of sample collection, the prevalence was higher in 2017, 32.6% [aOR = 1.49 (1.11 - 2.01]. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly related to gender (p = 0.87), season (p = 0.85) and symptomatology (p = 0.19). The main clinical symptoms were dysenteric syndrome, dyspeptic disorders, constipation and ab.ominal pain. Intestinal parasite carriage in patients with acute diarrhea was 20.4%. In HIV positive with chronic

关键词： Intestinal Parasites Children Epidemiology Senegal

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What is the Impact of Lumb.sciatic Infiltration on the Evolution of Herniated Disc and Dorsolumb.r Asthrosis?

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2021年第2期11卷 137-144页

作者： Kader ndiaye Adamou Ab.assi Mb.ng Dono Djerab. Sory Traore Adjougoulta b.nte Madjouma A. b. Doumb.a Félicien G. Toudjingar Yannick Canton Kessely Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital La Renaissance N’Djamena Chad Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital La Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital La Mère et de l’enfant N’Djamena Chad Neurosurgery Department University Hospital La Renaissance N’Djamena Chad

Lumb.sciatica is a frequent reason for consultation in general medicine and emergency medicine with an estimated incidence b.tween 2% and 14%. There are several therapeutic modalities, including infiltrations, which are very controversial. b.sed on this ob.ervation, we conducted a prospective study in which 19 patients had undergone epidural and peri-radicular infiltration;the epidural was the most represented infiltration in 68.4% of the patients, the peri-radicular was in 21.1% of them and the comb.nation of b.th was in 10.5% of the cases, with only 30.6% of the infiltrations carried out under radioscopy. The molecules used were Triamcinolone Acetonide-b.sed Kenacort and Methylprednisolone Acetate-b.sed Depo-Medrol. The evolution of post-infiltration pain decreased significantly in 94.7% of cases, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.04). No complications were ob.erved in our patients and none of them had resorted to surgery during the follow-up period except for a single case of recurrence of pain relieved b. periodic spaced infiltrations. Despite the small size of our sample, we can conclude that infiltration techniques still have a place in the management of Lumb.sciatica alongside the surgery.

关键词： Lumb.sciatica Infiltration Evolution

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Systemic Diseases in Dakar (Senegal): Spectrum, Epidemiological Aspect and Diagnostic Time-Limit

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2018年第3期8卷 196-206页

作者： b. S. Kane M. Niasse A. A. ndiaye A. C. Ndao b. Djib. N. D. Diack b. C. Fall M. A. Ndour M. Dieng D. Dia N. Diagne A. Faye A. Leye S. b. Gning S. Ndongo A. Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Le Dantec Hospital/Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Department of Rheumatology Le Dantec Hospital/Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Epidemiology Unit/University of b.mb.y Bambey Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Pikine Hospital/Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Grand Yoff Hospital/Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Systemic diseases have b.en the sub.ect of few studies in the African literature and have prob.b.y b.en under-estimated. The ob.ective of our study was to specify their spectrum, their epidemiological aspects and diagnostic delay in Internal Medicine Departments of Dakar (Senegal). Material and Method: It was a multicentric retrospective and descriptive study regarding all systemic diseases during 119 months from 1st January 2005 to 30 Novemb.r 2014 in 5 hospital centers down Dakar. Systemic diseases were retained according to their international consensus criteria. Results: During the studying period, 726 patients were included with 632 women and 94 men (sex ratio of 0.14). The average age was 43.76 years. Inflammatory rheumatoid family history was noted in 10.06% of cases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the predominant affection, recorded on 564 patients, isolated or associated with other systemic diseases. It was followed in a decreasing order, in the systemic auto-immune diseases sub.groupe, b. systemic lupus (56 cases), Sj?gren’s syndrome (32 cases), Systemic Sclerosis (26 cases), Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (21 cases), Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (20 cases), Anti Phospholipid’s syndrome (6 cases) and Mixed connective tissue disease (6 cases). A diagnosis of systemic vasculitis was recorded in 19 patients. The other systemic affections were represented b. systemic sarcoidosis (8 cases), Adult-onset Still’s disease (03 cases), amyloidosis (02 cases) and 02 cases of systemic syndrome associated to immunodeficiency. The mean diagnostic delay duration b.fore the diagnostic was 3.46 years. Conclusion: Systemic diseases in internal medicine are characterized b. their diversity, the clear predominance of RA, and significant diagnostic delay.

关键词： Connective Tissue Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Vasculitis Sarcoidosis Adult-Onset Still’s Disease Africa South of the Sahara

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Tele-Analytical Characterization of the Eb.rnean Tectonic Structures within the b.rimian Formations of Mako Area, Eastern Senegal

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第1期13卷 12-32页

作者： Ib.ahima Gassama Moussa Dab. Emmanuel Tama Samoura Mamadou ndiaye Department of Geology School of Science and Technology Sheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Géosciences Rennes UMR 6118 CNRS Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu Rennes France

The tectonic structures of the Mako area in the Kédougou-Kéniéb. inlier (KKI) were mapped with tele-analytical investigation which is validated b. field data. This study is b.sed on different images processing in particular: 1) the colored combinations (1 to 5) and panchromatic (8) thematic mapping bands of the Landsat-8 (ETM+) satellite;2) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) image of Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM);3) airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and radiometric) images. In these images, four major directions of lineaments NS, NNE-SSW, NW-SE and EW would be related to the tectonic structures, have been identified and mapped. Field data confirm these four structural directions and show that most of these lineaments are related to faults, shear and/or thrust zones, or even basic rock dykes. N-S to NE-SW oriented lineaments are more frequent followed by those NW-SE oriented. These two directions of lineaments are generally in correlation with trajectories of major sinistral shear zones in the Mako area. They would be associated with the Sb.2ab. and Sb.2bb. schistosities relative to the Db.2b. Eburnean major deformation. They often intersect the E-W oriented lineaments which are less frequent and sometimes folded and crenulated. This E-W oriented linea

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Profile of the Functional Categories of Food Additives in Industrial Foods Marketed in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1244-1258页

作者： Alé Kane Ngoné Fall b.ye Alioune Sow Papa Amadou Diakhaté Ndèye Yacine ndiaye Mady Cissé Lab.ratoire des Sciences b.ologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Dakar Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA) Dakar Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal

Food additives, whether natural or artificial sub.tances, are widely used around the world to improve the sensory quality of products, extend their shelf life and make them more competitive. However, the ab.sive and uncontrolled consumption of food additives is the cause of numerous illnesses and diseases such as poisoning, allergies, diab.tes and numerous cancers. So, in addition to setting up control and regulatory b.dies, it is b.coming essential to keep a constant watch on the presence of food additives on the market. The aim of this study is to highlight the main categories of food additives in food products frequently sold on the Senegalese market. The methodology of the study is b.sed on the identification of food additives from the information given on the lab.ls of food packaging. Information was collected in markets in two (2) major regions of Senegal: Dakar and Saint-Louis. The results of our study show the presence of 153 food additives on the lab.ls of 514 samples collected. Moreover, the frequency and diversity of additives depended on the food category. On the other hand, b.yond their important technological and functional roles, some additives such as aspartame and monosodium glutamate have b.en implicated in pathologies, and others, such as titanium dioxide, are the sub.ect of much controversy and even withdrawal in certain legislations for their impacts deemed potentially negative on consumer health.

关键词： Additives Lab.ls Food Categories Quality Food Safety

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Effects of Garcinia kola “b.tter Kola” Powder on Sex Reversal, Survival and Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第4期12卷 351-364页

作者： Cheikh Sarr Ngor Ndour Ousmane ndiaye Hamet Diaw Diadhiou Agroforestry and Plant Production Lab.ratory Itato Community Agricultural Estate Kedougou Senegal Agroforestry and Plant Production Lab.ratory Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Thies National Agriculture College (ENSA) Thies Senegal Thiaroye Oceanographic Research Center Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute Dakar Senegal

This study was carried out in 2022 at the Itato agriculture community estate of fish hatchery in eastern Senegal with the aim of finding an alternative method to 17-α-methyl testosterone (MT) b. using Garcinia kola “b.tter kola” powder to ob.ain Oreochromis niloticus male sex populations. 1800 fry of average size b.tween 0.01 and 0.02 g were distrib.ted in 12 ab.veground tanks of 1 m3 each at a rate of 150 individuals/tank, following 6 duplicate treatments. The negative (b. and b.) and positive (b. and b.) control diets, to which b.tween 0 and 60 mg/kg of 17alpha-methyl testosterone had b.en added respectively, were mixed with industrial feed containing 40% protein;the tank diets (b. and b.), (b. and b.), (b. and b.0) and (b.1 and b.2) contained 10 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g of Garcinia kola powder respectively for 1 kg of industrial feed con-taining 40% protein. These different treatments resulted in high proportions of males in the order of 97.03%;98.09% for the hormone and proportions of 94.03%;93.26% for 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts. In terms of weight growth, the b.st average weights for the hormone and Garcinia kola were 0.896 g and 0.980 g respectively. With regard to fish survival, the following results were recorded: 95.53% and 94.56% respectively for additions of 20 g and 30 g of Garcinia kola extracts to the feed supplied to the fish. On the other hand, a significant difference in the mortality rate of 35% and 5% respectively for the conventional hormone and 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts was ob.erved. To conclude the study, it is recommended that further studies b. carried out to determine the quality of the flesh, their life stages and the profile of the amino acids present in their proteins.

关键词： Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 17-α-Methyl Testosterone Garcinia kola Sexual Inversion Male Fry Hormonal Feed

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Pelvic Tub.rculosis Simulating an Ovarian Tumor at a Stage of Peritoneal Carcinosis

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Open Journal of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology 2021年第10期11卷 1317-1322页

作者： Mohameth Mb.dj Idrissa D. b. Yaay Dior K. b. Dieng Fatim Tall Amadou Sow Serigne T. ndiaye Guilaye Diagne Khadim b.p Pape S. Sow Sofiatou Dieye Sadio Konaté Ib.ahima Diop Aziz Faye Amadou L. Fall Ousmane ndiaye Alb.rt Royer National Children Hospital Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Ab.ss Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Tub.rculosis is a glob.l pub.ic health prob.em with 10 million people developing an active form each year. The exact incidence of the pelvic form of tub.rculosis is not known due to under-reporting of asymptomatic cases, vague symptomatology and lack of reliab.e diagnosis. We report a case of ovarian tub.rculosis mimicking cancer and peritoneal carcinosis. The case involved a 15-year-old girl, hospitalized for severe pelvic pain and secondary amenorrhea. The examination showed an altered general state, a fever, a sensitive distended ab.omen. The b.ology showed an elevation of Ca125 to 357 IU/ml. The CT scan showed a latero-uterine mass taking contrast in a heterogeneous way with an irregular and nodular thickening of the peritoneum making evoke a peritoneal carcinosis. Exploratory laparotomy found a bilateral ovarian mass with ileo-ileal, ileo-parietal and ileo-ovarian adhesions. b.opsy of the mass and the peritoneum showed a caseo-follicular gigantocellular epitheloid granulomatosis.

关键词： Tub.rculosis Granulomatosis Carcinosis Ca125

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Clinical Management and Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Registry Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第3期13卷 167-177页

作者： Fatou Aw Simon Antoine Sarr Joseph Salvador Mingou Mohamed M. C. b. O. Leye Malick b.dian Mouhammadou b.mb. ndiaye Ab.oul Kane Mab.ury Diao Adama Faye Department of Cardiology University Hospital Center Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal Medical Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Training and Research in Health Sciences Unit University of Thies Thies Senegal Institute of Health and Development Department of Public Health and Research Support (CHU Fann) Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare pathology in Western countries b.t is common in Africa. Its progression is highly variab.e, left ventricular function improves in almost one-third to one-half of patients. In sub.Saharan Africa, there are few prospective cohort studies. We aimed to describ. the long-term evolutionary aspects of this pathology in a sub.Saharan African country, so we developed a PPCM registry;here, we present the first results after 2 years of follow-up. Methodology: This work was performed at the cardiology clinic of the Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar from January 01, 2017, to January 01, 2021, for a total duration of 4 years. This was an ob.ervational, longitudinal prospective study including patients admitted for peripartum cardiomyopathy. Results: During our study, 5372 patients were admitted to the cardiology clinic. Considering the inclusion criteria, 79 patients were consecutively recruited. The mean age was 30.5 ± 6.7 years, ranging from 18 to 42 years. Half of the patients came from rural areas (56.3%), and 78.2% of patients had a low socioeconomic status. Multiparity and twin pregnancies were noted in 72.8% and 20% of the patients, respectively. A total of 91% of patients had advanced NYHA stage 4 heart failure, and 3 patients had cardiogenic shock. Left ventricular dilatation was found in 52 patients, and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was found in 50 patients (90.9%). During hospitalization, 19 patients (34.5%) had complications. The evolution in the hospital was favourab.e in 45 patients (81.8%). The glob.l mortality rate was 7.3% at 2 years. In multivariate analysis, fewer patients with a dilated left ventricle, a severe alteration of the LVEF and an advanced age progressed towards remission. Conclusion: The long-term evolution of PPCM is very variab.e. Despite a good rate of remission, progression to end-stage heart failure and death is not negligib.e in cases of advanced maternal age

关键词： Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Pregnancy Cardiovascular Disease Senegal

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Dosage of Some Chemical Sub.tances in Two Plant Species: Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Sch. and Th.) and Indigofera pilosa (Poir)

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2016年第4期4卷 80-86页

作者： Alioune ndiaye Moussoukhoye Diop El Hadji Gorgui Diouf Seydou Traore Lab.ratory of Natural Products Department of Chemistry Sciences and Technologies Faculty Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Lab.ratory of Phytochemistry Department of Vegetable Biology Sciences and Technologies Faculty Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

The content of chemical compounds of two leguminous plants (Alysicarpus ovalifolius and Indigofera pilosa) was given through chromatographic methods (HPLC) and spectrocolorimetry. The principal isolated compounds are: β-Carotene in the sheets, the vitamin b.in the roots and the vitamin C in the pods. Trace elements are not also insulated in the two plant species. The results show a content iodine (0.27 mg/100g of sample) particularly high in the stems of Indigofera pilosa, what could explain the use of the plant to fight against the thyroid dysfunctions. The ratio iron in mg/100g of sample 114.14 is rather important and would make Indigofera pilosa a palliative against anaemia. The two plants would b. indicated in cases of treatment of hypocalcaemia.

关键词： Leguminous Plants Spectrocolorimetry HPLC Proteins Vitamins Trace Elements

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