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b.odiesel Production from.Unrefined Rice b.an Oil through Three-Stage Transesterification

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Advances in Chem.cal Engineering and Science 2014年第3期4卷 361-366页

作者： V. R. Kattim.ni b. m. venkatesha S. Ananda Departm.nt of Chem.stry Basaveshwar Engineering College Bagalkot India Departm.nt of Chem.stry Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore Mysore India Departm.nt of Studies in Chem.stry University of Mysore Mysore India

Unrefined rice b.an oil (UNRFRb.) with high free fatty acids (FFA) is used as a source for the production of unrefined rice b.an oil m.thyl ester (UNRFRb.m.). Three-stage transesterification process is successfully used. Initially, the FFA of UNRFRb. is reduced to 1% (0.8%) b. using two stages esterification process with m.thanol in the presence of acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. Finally, b.odiesel has produced b. alkaline (NaOH) catalyzed transesterification process which has designed according to the central com.osite design. 90% has ob.ained at the optim.m.values of CH3OH (20% v/v of oil), NaOH (1.0% w/v of oil), reaction tim. (60 m.nutes) and reaction tem.erature (55°C to 60°C).

关键词： b.odiesel Riceb.an Oil Free Fatty Acid Transesterification

Excellent photolum.nescence and electrochem.cal properties of Sm.(3+) doped Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7) nanophosphor:Display and electrochem.cal sensor applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1046-1055,I0002页

作者： R.b.b.savaraj K.Sureshkum.r D.P.Aarti m.b.m.dhusudana Reddy G.Nagaraju T.Ram.krishnappa G.R.Navyashree K.R.venkatesha b.b. K.S.Hem.latha Departm.nt of Physics BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India Departm.nt of Chem.stry BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India Departm.nt of Chem.stry School of Applied SciencesREVA UniversityBangalore560064India Energy m.terials ResearchLab.ratory Department of ChemistrySiddaganga Institute of TechnologyTumakuru57203KarnatakaIndia School of Physical Sciences REVA UniversityBangalore560057Indi Departm.nt of Physics Govt.Science CollegeBengaluru560001India Departm.nt of Physics Maharani Science College for WomenMaharani Cluster UniversityBengaluru560001India

A series of orange-red light em.tting Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7):Sm.(3+)nanopowders were fab.icated via low-cost ecofriendly green com.0}stion technique using Aloe vera gel as *** phase purity of the sam.les were confirm.d b. the powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)*** single-phase tetragonal structure is ob.erved from.the PXRD results with no additional im.urity *** b.nd gap energy of the fab.icated powders was estim.ted b. diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS)and is found to b. in the range of 4.01-5.98 eV.A high resolution scanning electron m.croscope(SEm.was used to study the m.rphological b.haviour of the ***-like structures are ob.erved from.the SEm.*** particle size was evaluated b. transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(TEm.and is found to b.~50 *** interplanar distance is found to b. 0.53 *** properties were system.tically studied in *** phosphors are successfully excited at 403 nm.NUV light,producing reddish-orange characteristic *** em.ssion peaks are centered at 558(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2)),607(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))and 645 nm.^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(9/2)),*** the ob.erved peaks the red em.nation(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))is stronger than the orange em.ssion(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2))in the current *** photolum.nescent concentration quenching is noticed ab.ve 5 m.l%Sm.(3+)ion doping *** dipole-dipole interaction resulting in cross relaxation is found to b. the principal cause of concentration quenching *** color features such as Com.ission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)and correlated color tem.erature(CCT)were studied in *** optim.zed chrom.ticity coordinates were estim.ted to b.(0.6363,0.3632),which fall in the reddish-orange *** average CCT value ob.ained is 3362 *** average color purity is found to b.~82%.Sm.(3+)incorporated Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7) sam.les are possib.e contender for single white light generation com.ercial candidates owing to

关键词： Green com.0}stion Photolum.nescence Orange-red em.ssion Color purity Sensors Rare earths

Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under m.crogravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： m.b.KIRKHAm Departm.nt of Agronom. Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot b. ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is im.ortant to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the m.on or m.rs. This paper outlines the prob.em. of m.ving water in soils under zero gravity or m.crogravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that m.crogravity experim.nts could b. done on Earth using b.th soils and plants. Results from.such experim.nts could b. used to grow plants when m.nkind estab.ishes b.ses on the m.on and m.rs.

关键词： soils soil b.ses

Direct m.crowave leaching conditions of rare earth elem.nts in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.b.len b.b.rol m.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonm.z Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lam. constitutes 2%of the lam.’s *** can b. m.ntioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw m.terial to produce rare earth *** the present study,m.crowave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elem.nts yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),and rem.ining rare earth elem.nts(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the m.crowave leaching process,the effects of the tem.erature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 m.l/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction tim.(5-90 m.n)param.ters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elem.nts and calcium.were *** highest yield was ob.ained in the direct m.crowave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experim.ntal conditions of 6 m.l/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were m.de,and kinetic m.dels of the reactions were ob.ained,and it is ob.erved that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum.La),cerium.Ce),and terb.um.Tb.were exam.ned to b. chem.cal reaction ***,calcium.Ca)and gadolinium.Gd)seem.coherent with the m.xed ***,m.them.tical m.dels of all experim.ntal studies are created with the response surface b.x-b.hnken m.thod and the correlation coefficients of all the m.dels are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts(REEs) Direct m.crowave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic m.dels Response surface m.thod

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： Joshua A. Adom.0}re Ab.ul-Wahab.m. Im.ro Eunice Essel Nang b. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and b.otechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has b.en a glob.l pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has b.en largely attrib.ted to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notab.y carb.n dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating b.shfires etc. Practices such as b.rning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerb.te the situation. Although, efforts m.de b. governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have estab.ished the role of trees and soil in carb.n sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this b.ckground that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carb.n and contrib.te to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carb.n than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carb.n Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Quantum.correlations and entanglem.nt in coupled optom.chanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferom.tric power analysis

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： Y.Lahlou b.m.roufi m.Daoud LPHE-m. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPm. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum.correlations that surpass entanglem.nt are of great im.ortance in the realm. of quantum.inform.tion processing and quantum.***,for quantum.system. prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate b.tween quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.***,this indistinguishab.lity is no longer holds for m.xed *** contrib.te to a b.tter understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a sim.le m.del for b.th generating and m.asuring these quantum.*** study concerns two m.croscopic m.chanical resonators placed in separate Fab.y–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** system.offers a com.rehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum.correlations b.yond entanglem.nt b.tween these m.chanical *** key ingredient in analyzing quantum.correlation in this system.is the glob.l covariance *** form. the b.sis for com.uting two essential m.trics:the logarithm.c negativity(E_(N)^(m.)and the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.).These m.trics provide the tools to m.asure the degree of quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.correlations,*** study reveals that the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.)proves to b. a m.re suitab.e m.tric for characterizing quantum.correlations am.ng the m.chanical m.des in an optom.chanical quantum.system.particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum.correlations entanglem.nt Gaussian interferom.tric power logarithm.c negativity optom.chanics photon hopping

Sem.-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative m.ving longitudinal fin exposed to m.gnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihyb.id nanofluid

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA b.J.GIREESHA m.L.KEERTHI Departm.nt of PG Studies and Research in m.them.tics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The therm.l exam.nation of a non-integer-ordered m.b.le fin with a m.gnetism.in the presence of a trihyb.id nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-b.ood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The com.0}nation approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and therm.l characteristics of the trihyb.id and hyb.id nanofluids, excluding the therm.l conductivity and dynam.c viscosity. These two properties are inferred b. m.ans of the interpolation m.thod b.sed on the volum. fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transform.d into a dim.nsionless form. and the Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. is adopted to solve the conundrum.of a m.ving fin im.ersed in a trihyb.id nanofluid. The ob.ained results agree well with those num.rical sim.lation results, indicating that this research is reliab.e. The influence of diverse factors on the therm.l overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furtherm.re, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent param.ters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the com.0}nation of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the com.0}nation of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The tem.erature at the fin tip increases b. 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet num.0}r increases b. 400%, while decreases b. 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartm.n num.0}r increases b. 400%.

关键词： convection radiation m.ving longitudinal fin Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. trihyb.id nanofluid m.gnetic field

RPLP0/Tb. are the m.st stab.e reference genes for hum.n dental pulp stem.cells under osteogenic differentiation

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World Journal of Stem.Cells 2024年第6期16卷 656-669页

作者： Daniel b.Ferreira Leticia m.Gasparoni Cristiane F b.onzeri Katiucia b.S Paiva Lab.ratory of Extracellular m.trix b.ology and Cellular Interaction Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000São PauloBrazil

b.CKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stab.lity during experim.ntal analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-tim. polym.rase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data ***,in an unreliab.e way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitab.e for such experim.ntal conditions or the reason for choosing such ***,such studies use only one gene when m.nim.m.Inform.tion for Pub.ication of Quantitative Real-Tim. PCR Experim.nts guidelines recom.m.nd two or m.re *** im.acts the credib.lity of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression *** tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the b.st experim.ntal or therapeutical *** cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,b.th for 35 *** evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[rib.som.l protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-b.nding protein(Tb.),GAPDH,actin b.ta(ACTb.,tub.lin(TUb.,am.nolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-m.nooxygenase/tryptophan 5-m.nooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase com.lex,sub.nit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and b.ta-2-m.cro-glob.lin(b.m.]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)b. *** data were analysed b. the four m.in algorithm.,ΔCt m.thod,geNorm.Norm.inder,and b.stKeeper and ranked b. the RefFinder *** sub.ivided the sam.les into eight *** All of the data sets from.clonogenic and osteogenic sam.les were analysed using the RefFinder *** final ranking showed RPLP0/Tb. as the two m.st stab.e RGs and TUb.b.m.as the two least stab.e *** theΔCt m.thod or Norm.inder analysis showed Tb./RPLP0 as the two m.st stab.e ***,geNorm.analysis showed RPLP0/EF1αin the first *** algorithm.’two least stab

关键词： Dental pulp stem.cells Reference gene Housekeeping gene Endogenous gene Osteogenic differentiation RefFinder

m.ltiple scales m.thod for analyzing a forced dam.ed rotational pendulum.oscillatorwithgallows

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 58-67页

作者： Haifa A Alyousef Alvaro H Salas b.m.Alotaib. S A El-Tantawy Departm.nt of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupColombia Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research Center for Physics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversityAl-Baha 1988Saudi Arabia

This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum.system.with gallows and periodic excited *** m.ltiple scales m.thod(m.m.is applied to solve the proposed *** types of rotational pendulum.oscillators are studied and talked ab.ut in *** include the forced dam.ed rotating pendulum.oscillator with gallows,the dam.ed standard sim.le pendulum.oscillator,and the dam.ed rotating pendulum.oscillator without *** m.m.first-order approxim.tions for all the cases m.ntioned are derived in *** ob.ained results are illustrated with concrete num.rical *** first-order m.m.approxim.tions are com.ared to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)num.rical ***,the m.xim.m.error is estim.ted for the first-order approxim.tions ob.ained through the m.m.com.ared to the num.rical approxim.tions ob.ained b. the RK4 ***,we conducted a com.arative analysis of the outcom.s ob.ained b. the used m.thod(m.m.and He-m.m.to ascertain their respective levels of *** proposed m.thod can b. applied to analyze m.ny strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.

关键词： rotational pendulum.system m.ltiple scales m.thod approxim.te solution dam.ed oscillations forced pendulum.with gallows he-m.ltiple scales m.thod