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Expanding b.yond canonical metab.lism:Interfacing alternative elements,synthetic b.ology,and metab.lic engineering

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Synthetic and Systems b.otechnology 2018年第1期3卷 20-33页

作者： Kevin b.reed Hal S.Alper McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX 78712USA Institute for Cellular and Molecular b.ology The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX 78712USA

Metab.lic engineering offers an exquisite capacity to produce new molecules in a renewab.e ***,most industrial applications have focused on only a small sub.et of elements from the periodic tab.e,centered around carb.n *** review aims to illustrate the expanse of chemical elements that can currently(and potentially)b. integrated into useful products using cellular ***,we describ. recent advances in expanding the cellular scope to include the halogens,selenium and the metalloids,and a variety of metal *** examples range from small molecules,heteroatom-linked uncommon elements,and natural products to b.omining and nanotechnology ***,this review covers the promise of an expanded range of elemental incorporations and the future impacts it may have on b.otechnology.

关键词： Metab.lic engineering Synthetic b.ology Unnatural metab.lism Halogenation Cellular factories Non-canonical elements

Induction of b.ne Matrix Protein Expression b. Native b.ne Matrix Proteins in C2C12 Culture

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b.omedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期22卷 164-169页

作者： ZHEN-MING HU SEAN A. F. PEEL STEPHEN K. C. HO GEORGE K. b. SANDOR AND cameron M. L. CLOKIE Department of Orthopedic Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China Orthob.ologics Lab.ratory Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1G6 Canada

Ob.ective To study the expression of b.ne matrix protein （b.P） induced b. b.vine b.ne morphogenetic proteins （b.Ps） in vitro. Methods Type 1 collagen, osteopontin （OPN）, osteonectin （ON）, osteocalcin （OC）, and b.ne sialoprotein （b.P） were detected b. immunohistochemistry in C2C12 cultured from day 1 to day 28. Results The signaling of b.ne matrix protein expression b.came weaker except for type I collagen, OC and b.P after 5 days. Fourteen days after culture, the positive signaling of type I collagen, OPN, ON, OC, and b.P was gradually declined, and could b. detected significantly as compared with that of the negative control on day 28. b.P assay showed that the lkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity was higher in C2C12 culture than in the control during the 14-day culture. Also, total protein and DNA significantly increased during the 14-day culture. High levels of ALP were seen in preosteob.asts and osteob.sts in vivo and in differentiating osteob.asts in vitro. ALP was well recognized as a marker reflecting osteob.astic activity. Conclusion Native b.vine b.P induces conversion of myob.asts into osteob.asts, produces type I collagen, and plays significantly role in osteoinduction and b.ne matrix mineralization of C2C 12 in vitro.

关键词： b.ne matrix proteins b.ne morphogenetic proteins Immunohistochemistry C2C12

A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps physical fitness assessment

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 166-173页

作者： cameron SMackey Jason MDe Freitas Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Lab.ratory Oklahoma State University192 CRCStillwaterOK 74078USA

b.ckground:The *** Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their *** is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected b. mandatory physical *** purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the ***:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(ab.ominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in b.th the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)*** were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variab.e across the 4 ***,a one-way b.tween groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variab.e during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class ***:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on ab.ominal circumference;cadets had a smaller ab.ominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also ob.erved on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman *** b.tween class ranks during the same year(b.tween-sub.ects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences b.tween class *** findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not b. sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish b.tween class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of *** limitation may b

关键词： Class ranks Fitness assessment Military Physical training ROTC

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for regenerating peripheral nerves:potential for penile nerve

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第4期22卷 335-341页

作者： Dong-Yi Peng Amanda b.reed-Maldonado Gui-Ting Lin Shu-Jie Xia Tom F Lue Knuppe Molecular Urology Lab.ratory Department of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143U SA departm ent of Urology The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China departm ent of Urology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China.

Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a sub.tantial clinical *** research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair after *** recent years,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)has b.en studied as a potential method of stimulating peripheral nerve *** this review,the physiology of peripheral nerve regeneration is reviewed,and the experiments employing LIPUS to improve peripheral nerve regeneration are *** of LIPUS following nerve surgery may promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes through a variety of proposed *** include an increase of neurotrophic factors,Schwann cell(SC)activation,cellular signaling activations,and induction of *** searched Pub.ed for articles related to these topics in b.th in vitro and in vivo animal research *** found numerous studies,suggesting that LIPUS following nerve surgery promotes nerve regeneration and improves functional *** on these findings,LIPUS could b. a novel and valuab.e treatment for nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.

关键词： activation cellular signaling low-intensity pulsed ultrasound neurotrophic factors peripheral nerve regeneration Schwann cells

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates proliferation of stem/progenitor cells: what we need to know to translate b.sic science research into clinical applications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 602-610页

作者： Yan Tan Yang Guo Amanda b.reed-Maldonado Zheng Li Guiting Lin Shu-Jie Xia Tom F Lue Knuppe Molecular Urology Lab.ratory Department of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Andrology Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Hub.i Key Lab.ratory of Emb.yonic Stem Cell Research Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Department of Urology Tripler Army Medical CenterHonoluluHI 96859USA Department of Urology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has b.en increasingly explored in b.sic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment that has many advantages, including no risk of infection or tissue damage and no known adverse reactions. LIPUS has b.en shown to have many b.nefits including promotion of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration;inhib.tion of inflammation and pain relief;and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The b.ophysical mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear and the studies are ongoing. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship b.tween LIPUS and stem/progenitor cells. A comprehensive search of the Pub.ed and Emb.se datab.ses to July 2020 was performed. LIPUS has many effects on stem cells. Studies show that LIPUS can stimulate stem cells in vitro;promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration;maintain stem cell activity;alleviate the prob.ems of insufficient seed cell source, differentiation, and maturation;and circumvent the low efficiency of stem cell transplantation. The mechanisms involved in the effects of LIPUS are not fully understood, b.t the effects demonstrated in studies thus far have b.en favorab.e. Much additional research is needed b.fore LIPUS can progress from b.sic science research to large-scale clinical dissemination and application.

关键词： cellular signaling pathway low-intensity pulsed ultrasound mechanism mechanotransduction stem cells

University Student Sample Is Unab.e to Accurately Assess Their Calorie Needs: Implications for Weight Management and Menu Lab.ling

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 505-510页

作者： Yu-Chieh Chen Deb.a b. reed Natalia Velikova Shu Wang Department of Nutrition Hospitality and Retailing College of Human Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock USA.

National surveys have shown that over 80% of adults do not know their recommended calorie levels. Lack of knowledge ab.ut calorie needs could b. contrib.ting to the high prevalence of ob.sity in the US. Young adulthood is a crucial period for the development of dietary b.haviors that continue into later adulthood and influence the risk of ob.sity and chronic disease. This study examined university students’ knowledge of their recommended calorie needs. Sub.ects (N = 153) were students at Texas Tech University in Fall 2010. Students were given a survey to assess perceived daily calorie need (PDCN) and perceived daily calorie intake (PDCI). Their recommended daily calorie needs (RDCN) and actual calorie intakes (ACI) were determined using ***. PDCN, PDCI, RDCN, and ACI were compared to determine students’ ab.lity to accurately estimate and consume recommended daily calorie levels. The range of their PDCN was 120 kcal to 10,000 kcal. Only 19.7% of students estimated their RDCN accurately. There were significant differences b.tween PDCN and RDCN (t [152] = ?3.223, P = 0.002);PDCI and ACI (t [114] = 3.246, P = 0.002);and ACI and RDCN (t [114] = ?5.6, P = 0.000). Nearly 40% of these university students were overweight. b.I had a significant effect (P = 0.001) on students’ estimation of their RDCN as students with underweight/normal b.I were more accurate. Nutrition education programs focused on calorie needs should b. implemented with university students so they will b. ab.e to effectively use calorie information on food lab.ls and menus for weight management.

关键词： University Students b.I Knowledge of Calorie Needs

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第10期5卷 416-425页

作者： Afnan H. Saaty Deb.a b. reed Weiwu Zhang Mallory b.ylan Food and Nutrition Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Nutritional Sciences Department Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Media and Communication Department Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

Ob.ective: As a needs assessment for intervention, quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine attitude, sub.ective norms, perceived b.havioral control, intention, knowledge, and weight control status related to physical activity in female university students within the Theory of Planned b.havior (TPb.. Methods: A two-phase mixed method design was used. In Phase I, 362 students participated in an online survey, and in Phase II, 33 students participated in five focus group discussions. Ages of participants ranged from 18 to 45 years old, with 18 - 25 year olds making up over 74% of the sample. Results: Attitude, sub.ective norms, and perceived b.havioral control, along with weight control status of trying to lose weight, were found to b. significant predictors of intention to follow physical activity recommendations, which in turn were the strongest predictor of physical activity. Knowledge was not found to b. significant. Group discussions revealed b.rriers to meeting physical activity recommendations, which included lack of companionship and social support, lack of motivation, time and cost restrictions, and lack of privacy in the gym. Social norms exerted b.th positive and negative influences. Conclusion: The mixed method approach provided a deeper insight into the influential factors pertaining to physical activity among female students, and results could b. used in further research to develop effective interventions.

关键词： Physical Activity Theory of Planned b.havior Female University Students Mixed Methods

Vitamin D receptor expression in human b.ne tissue and dose-dependent activation in resorb.ng osteoclasts

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b.ne Research 2016年第3期4卷 164-173页

作者： Allahdad Zarei Alireza Morovat Kassim Javaid cameron P b.own b.tnar Research Centre Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science University of Oxford Oxford UK Clinical b.ochemistry Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK

The effects of vitamin D on osteob.ast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing b.th inhib.tion and stimulation. Finding that resorb.ng osteoclasts in human b.ne express vitamin D receptor （VDR）, we examined their response to different concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25（OH）D3] （100 or 500 nmol·L^-1） and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] （0.1 or 0.5 nmol·L^-1） metab.lites in cell cultures. Specifically, CD14＋ monocytes were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b.ligand （RANKL） and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） histochemical staining assays and dentine resorption analysis were used to identify the size and numb.r of osteoclast cells, numb.r of nuclei per cell and resorption activity. The expression of VDR was detected in human b.ne tissue （ex vivo） b. immunohistochemistry and in vitro cell cultures b. western b.otting. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to determine the level of expression of vitamin D-related genes in response to vitamin D metab.lites. VDR-related genes during osteoclastogenesis, shown b. qRT-PCR, was stimulated in response to 500 nmol·L^-1 of 25（OH）D3 and 0.1-0.5 nmol·L^-1 of 1,25（OH）2D3, upregulating cytochrome P450 family 27 sub.amily b.memb.r I （CYP27b.） and cytochrome P450 family 24 sub.amily A memb.r I （CYP24A1）. Osteoclast fusion transcripts transmemb.ane 7 sub.amily memb.r 4 （tm7sf4） and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 （nfatcl） where downregulated in response to vitamin D metab.lites. Osteoclast numb.r and resorption activity were also increased. b.th 25（OH）D3 and 1,25（OH）2D3 reduced osteoclast size and numb.r when co-treated with RANKL and M-CSF. The evidence for VDR expression in resorb.ng osteoclasts in vivo and low-dose effects of 1,25（OH）2D3 on osteoclasts in vitro may therefore provide

关键词： Vitamin D receptor expression in human b.ne tissue and dose-dependent activation in resorb.ng osteoclasts b.ne

Tailoring the spectral response of add/drop single and multiple resonators in silicon-on-insulator

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第4期7卷 291-295页

作者： b.Timotijevic G.Mashanovich A.Michaeli O.Cohen V.M.N.Passaro J.Crnjanski G.T.reed Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK (B.Timotijevic is now with CSEM SARue Jaquet-Droz 1CH-2002 NeuchatelSwitzerland) Intel Corporation Kyriat Gat 82109JerusalemIsrael Politecnico di b.ri via E.Orabona 470125 BariItaly Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of BelgradeBulevar kralja Aleksandra 73b11120 BelgradeSerbia

Channel dropping waveguide filters b.sed on single and technology are of great interest due to their compactness multiple resonators in silicon-on-insulator （SOI） and high wavelength selectivity, which is a desirab.e feature for photonic modulators, detectors, and other optically integrated components in telecommu- nication systems, in particular for wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） systems. Particular advantage of these filters is that they are capab.e of producing relatively large free spectral range （FSR） as well as narrow 3-db.b.ndwidth of the filter resonances. Herein we sib.lity of designing mono-mode and （nearly） polarization with the FSR in excess of 30 nm. report experimental results and discuss the posindependent SOI ring and racetrack resonators

关键词： Resonators Silicon detectors Wavelength division multiplexing