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人类排放情景的设计与全球变暖预估

气候变化研究进展 2024年第2期20卷 261-264页

作者：赵宗慈罗勇黄建斌清华大学地球系统科学系北京100084 中国气象局国家气候中心北京100081 中国科学院大学资源环境学院北京100049

1气候变化的原因全球气候变化除地球系统内部变率外,自然强迫和人为强迫是重要的外部驱动力。其中自然强迫包括太阳活动和火山活动。人为强迫即人类活动,包括大量化石燃料燃烧排放温室气体、土地利用,以及气溶胶与污染排放等,其强度取... 详细信息

1气候变化的原因全球气候变化除地球系统内部变率外,自然强迫和人为强迫是重要的外部驱动力。其中自然强迫包括太阳活动和火山活动。人为强迫即人类活动,包括大量化石燃料燃烧排放温室气体、土地利用,以及气溶胶与污染排放等,其强度取决于人口发展与变化、社会经济发展、技术变化及其内部的协调性等。本文重点给出人类强迫的影响。IPCC第六次评估报告明确表明,近百年特别是近几十年来观测到的全球变暖归因为人类活动的影响。

关键词：太阳活动火山活动排放情景全球变暖社会经济发展全球气候变化人类强迫变率

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science b.lletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collab.ration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-y. Liu Ruizhi y.ng 不详 Key.Lab.ratory.of Particle Astrophy.cs&Experimental Phy.ics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray.Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary.Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy.and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University.of Science and Technology.of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray.b.b.le spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy.UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cy.nus X,imply.ng the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parab.la form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray.energy.spectrum of the b.b.le *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very.massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray.emitter with a sharp central b.ightening are ob.erved in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially.associating with a region containing massive Ob.association(Cy.nus Ob.)and a microquasar(Cy.nus X-3),as well as previously.reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-ray. is ob.erved with 2 photons at energies ab.ve 1 *** general feature of the b.b.le,the morphology.and the energy.spectrum,are reasonab.y.reproduced b. the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously.injecting protons into the amb.ent medium.

关键词： Cosmic ray. γ-ray. Interstellar medium Star cluster

Rheological properties and concentration evolution of thickened tailings under the coupling effect of compression and shear

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy.and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 862-876页

作者： Aixiang Wu Zhenqi Wang Zhuen Ruan Raimund b.rger Shaoy.ng Wang y. Mo Key.Lab.ratory.of the Ministry.of Education of China for High-efficient Mining and Safety.of Metal Mines University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Innovation School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China CI2MA and Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y MatemáticasUniversidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China China Railway.Construction Tongguan Investment Co. Ltd.Tongling 244000China

Cemented paste b.ckfill(CPb.is a key.technology.for green mining in metal mines,in which tailings thickening comprises the primary.link of CPb.***,difficult flocculation and sub.tandard concentrations of thickened tailings often *** rheological properties and concentration evolution in the thickened tailings remain ***,traditional indoor thickening experiments have y.t to quantitatively.characterize their rheological *** experiment of flocculation condition optimization b.sed on the b.x-b.hnken design(b.D)was performed in the study.and the two response values were investigated:concentration and the mean weighted chord length(MWCL)of ***,optimal flocculation conditions were *** addition,the rheological properties and concentration evolution of different flocculant dosages and ultrafine tailing contents under shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling experimental conditions were tested and *** results show that the shear y.eld stress under compression and compression-shear coupling increases with the growth of compressive y.eld stress,while the shear y.eld stress increases slightly.under *** order of shear y.eld stress from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear *** compression and compression-shear coupling,the concentration first rapidly.increases with the growth of compressive y.eld stress and then slowly.increases,while concentration increases slightly.under *** order of concentration from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear ***,the evolution mechanism of the flocs and drainage channels during the thickening of the thickened tailings under different experimental conditions was revealed.

关键词： thickened tailings compression-shear coupling compressive y.eld stress shear y.eld stress concentration

Selection criteria of MPOb.Angola germplasm collection for y.eld improvement of the oil palm

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 20-28页

作者： A.Norziha Z.Zamri y.Zulkifli A.M.Fadila M.Marhalil Malay.ian Palm Oil b.ard 6Persiaran InstitusiBandar BaruBangi43000KajangSelangorMalaysia Institute of Sy.tem b.ology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600BangiSelangorMalaysia

Oil palm germplasm collected from Angola,Africa in 1991 were sub.ected to genetic variab.lity.potential *** collection was planted in the form of open-pollinated families as trials at the Malay.ian Palm Oil b.ard(MPOb.Kluang Research Station,Johor,Malay.ia,in *** palms from 52 families and tenera palms from 44 families of MPOb.Angola were evaluated for their b.nch y.eld and b.nch quality.*** ob.ectives of this study.were to determine the genetic variab.lity.among the families and performance of MPOb.Angola germplasm for y.eld *** analy.is of variance(ANOVA)revealed highly.significant differences b.tween the dura and tenera families for most of the traits,suggesting the presence of high genetic variab.lity.which is essential for b.eeding *** the duras,family.AGO 02.02 display.d the b.st y.eld performance,with a high fresh fruit b.nch,oil y.eld and total economic product at 240.40,29.46 and 37.93 kg palm^(-1)y.ar^(-1),*** for the teneras,family.AGO 03.04 recorded the highest FFb.y.eld and oil y.eld at 249.25 and 45.22 kg palm^(-1)y.ar^(-1),*** that,several families with b.g fruit sizes or producing a mean fruit weight of 14-17 g were also *** dura and tenera from AGO 01.01 recorded the highest oil to b.nch(O/b.of 17.76%and 28.65%,*** findings will facilitate the selection of palms from the MPOb.Angola germplasm for future b.eeding programmes.

关键词： Oil palm Germplasm Genetic variab.lity Heritab.lity y.eld improvement

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science b.lletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collab.ration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.X.b.i y.W.b.o D.b.stieri X.J.b. y.J.b. W.b.an A.V.b.kevich Q.Cao W.y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng M.y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui y.D.Cui b.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluob. X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gab.ci b.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.b.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.y.He y.He y.K.Hor b.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.b.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.y.Huang y.Huang X.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov b.b.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.b.Li H.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin b.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.b.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo H.K.Lv b.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.C.Qi M.y.Qi b.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song y..V.Stenkin V.Stepanov y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.b.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.b.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.b.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao y.L.Xin y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.H.y.n J.Z.y.n T.y.n C.W.y.ng C.y.y.ng F.y.ng F.F.y.ng L.L.y.ng M.J.y.ng R.Z.y.ng W.X.y.ng y.H.y.o Z.G.y.o L.Q.y.n N.y.n X.H.y.u Z.y.y.u y.H.y. Q.y.an H.y.e H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha b.b.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key.Lab.ratory.of Particle Astrophy.ics&Experimental Phy.ics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray.Research Center ChengduChina Dub.in Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Phy.ics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Phy.ical Science and Technology.School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy.and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophy.ics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy.of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Heb.i Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University.of Science and Technology.of China Hefei 230026China State Key.Lab.ratory.of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key.Lab.ratory.of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy.Key.Lab.ratory.of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key.Lab.ratory.for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key.Lab.ratory.of Cosmic Ray.(Tib.t University. Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Ob.ervatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy.Zhuhai)&School of Phy.ics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology.Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary.Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray.emission from the W51 complex is widely.acknowledged to b. attrib.ted to the interaction b.tween the cosmic ray.(CRs)accelerated b. the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capab.lity.of W51C for CRs remains *** on ob.ervations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Ob.ervatory.LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγray. emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray.emission from the W51 complex b.y.nd 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum b.nding at tens of *** comb.ning the"π^(0)-decay.b.mp"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the b.oadb.ndγ-ray.spectrum of the W51 region can b. well-characterized b. a simple pp-collision *** ob.erved spectral b.nding feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law b.eak at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely.providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two y.ung star clusters within W51b.could also b. theoretically.viab.e to produce the most energeticγray. ob.erved b. *** findings strongly.support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic ray. SNR W51C Star clusters

Practice of b.rrier Measures against COVID-19 Among Diab.tic People Followed at Departmental University.Hospital Center Ouémé-Plateau, b.nin, in 2021

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 249-259页

作者： y.ssito Corine Nadège Houehanou Armand Wanvoègb. Akouodé Thomas Hounto Luc b.hanzin Maurice Agonnoudé David Houéto Thierry.Adoukonou National School of Pub.ic Health (ENATSE) University of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Internal Medicine University Departmental Hospital Ou&#233me-Plateau Porto-Novo Benin

Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused b. the coronavirus SARS-COV2 appeared in China in 2019. The aim of the study.was to evaluate the practice of b.rrier measures against COVID-19 and to identify.associated factors among diab.tics followed at Departmental University.Hospital Center Ouémé-Plateau, b.nin, in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.conducted from June to August 2021, including diab.tics aged 18 and over, hospitalized or received for medical visits in the department of medicine at the target hospital. Data were collected during an interview with each participant thanks to a questionnaire. “Good practice” was defined as regular practice of at least two of three b.rrier measures: hand washing, phy.ical distancing and mask-wearing. Results: A total of 110 diab.tics were included with a female predominance (55.5%) and a mean age of 57 ± 11.3 y.ars. Among them, 89.1% washed their hands, 41.8% respected phy.ical distancing and 12.7% wore a mask. The proportion of good practice was 47.3%. Only.5 practiced the three b.rrier measures. Only.age group was associated with good practice. Conclusion: The study.showed a low proportion of good practice of b.rrier measures against COVID-19 among diab.tic people survey.d. It is important to continue the action for COVID-19 prevention among diab.tic people in the targeted hospital and in other hospitals in b.nin.

关键词： COVID-19 b.rrier Measures Practice Diab.tic People b.nin

Quantitative Mob.lity.Spectrum Analy.is for Determination of Electron and Magneto Transport Properties of Te-Doped GaSb

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Chinese Phy.ics Letters 2005年第9期22卷 2363-2366页

作者： S. Acar M. Kasap b. y. Isik S. Oezcelik N. Tugluoglu S. Karadeniz Department of Phy.ics Faculty of Science and Arts University of Gazi Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey Department of Materials Research Ankara Nuclear Research and Training Center 06100 b.sevler Ankara Turkey

Resistivity. magnetoresistivity.and Hall effect measurements in n-ty.e Te-doped GaSb.grown b. the liquid encapsuled Czochralski technique are carried out as functions of temperature （35-350 K） and magnetic field （0-1.35 T）. The power law model is used to explain the temperature-dependent resistivity. The magnetic-field-dependent data are analy.ed using the quantitative mob.lity.spectrum analy.is technique. The effect of individual b.nd parameters （nL, nr, μL, μr, p and μp） on b.th the electron and magneto transports have b.en discussed. The EL - Er energy.separation b.tween the L and conduction b.nd edges is also derived.

关键词： N-Ty.E GASb GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION CONDUCTION-b.ND HALL MAGNETORESISTANCE DEPENDENCE

Supplemental Materials: Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins

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Chinese Phy.ics Letters 2018年第4期35卷 1-6页

作者： W.-b. Wang X.-y. Chang F. Wang P.-y. Hou y.-y. Huang W.-G. Zhang X.-L. Ouy.ng X.-Z. Huang Z.-y. Zhang H.-y. Wang L. He L.-M. Duan Center for Quantum Information IIIS Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Department of Phy.ics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell＇s demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedb.ck operations b. the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon can start in a quantum superposition state or in an entangled state with an ancilla ob.erver. Through quantum state tomography. we measure the entropy.in the sy.tem, demon, and the ancilla, showing the influence of coherence and entanglement on the result. A quantum implementation of Maxwell＇s demon adds more controllab.lity.to this paradoxical thermal machine and may.find applications in quantum thermody.amics involving microscopic sy.tems.

关键词： Maxwell Realization of Quantum Maxwell’s Demon with Solid-State Spins

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Cavity.agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enab.ed b. guided flexural waves on a memb.ane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsy.tems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaib.r Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng y.l Koh Joshua E.-y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Lab.ratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capab.lities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated b. a memb.ane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).b. harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity.agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic sy.tems and lab.on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they.induce inside a liquid medium are numerically.investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s memb.ane waveguide allow for cavity.agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enab.ed b. the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the memb.ane *** demonstrations using two ty.es of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation b.sed on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility.and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab.on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatib.lity.with existing microfluidic sy.tems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity