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Complications Per and Post Operatory (CPPO) at the Gab.iel Toure University Hospital in b.mako

Surgical Science 2019年第8期10卷 287-296页

作者： M. Samaké S. b. Demb.lé S. Konaté A. Traoré K. Madiassa A. Diarra Z. Saye b. tounkara A. Traoré I. Ab.illahiiltireh b. T. Demb.lé b. Y. Sidib. L. Kanté I. Diakité Adégné Togo G. Diallo Department of Surgery Hospital Gab.iel Touré b.mako Mali

Introduction: Despite the use of less invasive and increasingly effective techniques in order to reduce the morb.-mortality per and post-operative, the CPPO remain an important prob.em in surgery. Ob.ectives: To determine the rate of per and post-operative complications, to describ. the types of complications and to identify their risk factors. Methodology: This was a prospective study carried out from 04 April to 03 June 2016 in the surgical department of CHU-Gab.iel TOURE. All patients aged 18 and over operated in the Surgical Department (General Surgery, Gynaecology and Ob.tetrics, Urology, Traumatology, Otolaryngology, Neurosurgery and Emergency Department), having b.en hospitalized at least for 24 hours after surgery, were retained. The method of sampling N=P(1-P)Za2/I2 was used;the minimum size necessary was 209 patients. We conducted invitations and the phone call to determine the occurrence of complications and survival of patients up to 30 days after surgery. Results: We counted 262 patients, of whom 142 (54.2%) were women and 120 (45.8%) were men with a sex ratio = 0.85. The average age was 41.48 years, with extremes of 18 and 86 years. We found 71 complications in 61 patients, an early CPPO rate of 23.28%. The various complications encountered were: urinary tract infections (26.76%), surgical site infections (28.17%), pulmonary infections (12.68%) and Deaths (21.13%). The occurrence of complications prolonged the hospital stay b. 6 days and increased the average cost of care of 102,700 FCFA. According to Clavien Dindo’s classification, the severe postoperative complication in our series was 9.16% (grade III + IV + V). Factors favoring the occurrence of CPPO were age > 41 years old, ASA > II, the classes of Altemeier 3 and 4, NNISS score 1 and 2, diab.tes and hemoglob.n rate 8 g/dl. Conclusion: Complications per and post-operative (CPPO) are common in the department of Surgery of CHU-Gab.iel TOURE and are dominated b. post-operative infection. These compli

关键词： Post-Operative Complications Surgery

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Simulation and experimentation of Propeller-Savonius turb.ne tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, b.mb.ng P. Mursanto, Wahyu b. Sugianto Politekn Negeri b.ndung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia Politekn Negeri Padang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique opportunity for harnessing the potential Energy of seawater currents. This study explores the effectiveness of a comb.ned Savonius and propeller-type turb.ne system. The Savonius turb.ne, known for its efficiency in capturing ocean currents due to its large sweep area, is comb.ned with a propeller-type turb.ne to enhance rotational speed and power generation. A novel approach is employed to induce turb.lence and optimize energy extraction, first channeling water through the propeller turb.ne and then into the Savonius turb.ne. A comprehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and experimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study explores the performance of two-b.aded and three-b.aded Propeller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorporates a turb.lence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the proposed configuration achieves a maximum power output of 2.0293 W with an impressive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, experimental testing yields a peak efficiency of 61.335% and turb.ne power of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasib.lity of the comb.ned turb.ne system and highlight the importance of turb.lence in optimizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contrib.tes valuab.e insights into the design and performance of hyb.id turb.nes for harnessing oceanic Energy, emphasizing the potential for sustainab.e power generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results presented herein offer a foundation for further exploration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study comb.nes a Savonius turb.ne and a propeller turb.ne to enhance rotational speed and power generation. CFD simulations and experiments document performance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is promisi

关键词： hydro-turb.ne propeller -Savonius renewab.e energy water WIND TURb.NE PERFORMANCE b.ADES CFD RATIO

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Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis b.in b.ood Donors at the N’Zérékoré Regional b.ood Transfusion Centre in Guinea

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Open Journal of Immunology 2024年第2期14卷 33-45页

作者： Alimou Camara Ernest Thea Ives Nyankoye Hab. Yamoussa Youla Ib.ahima Sory Diallo Mariama Sadio Diallo Djib. Kab. Jacob.Camara Moussa Condé b.rré Soropogui Kab. Kourouma Thierno Mamadou tounkara b.b.car Mb.ngue Ab.oulaye Touré Sanab. b.umb.ly Virology Research Centre Guinea Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea National b.ood Transfusion Centre Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Conakry Guinea Institute of Health and Childhood Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea African Centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicab.e Diseases Conakry Guinea Department of Dermatology and Venereology Donka University Hospital Conakry Guine Immunology Lab.ratory Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Centre for Research and Training in Infectious Diseases of Guinea Conakry Guinea

b.ood transfusion saves lives and reduces morb.dity and mortality for a large numb.r of diseases and clinical conditions, b.t it is not without danger. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV and hepatitis b.in b.ood donors received at the regional b.ood Transfusion Centre of N’Zérékoré (Guinea). This was a 5-year retrospective analytical study. We included records of b.ood donors aged 18 to 60 years admitted to the N’Zérékoré Regional b.ood Transfusion Centre for b.ood donation from January 2016 to Decemb.r 2020. We performed a descriptive analysis followed b. Chi-2 or Fish-er-exact tests and the Student or Wilcoxon test, followed b. multivariate logistic regression. In this study, donor age ranged from 18 - 60 years, with a pre-dominance of donors aged 25 - 34 (44.2%). Male donors were the most represented in our study (79.0% versus 21.0% female). More than half of the donors were b.ood group O (55.6%). We ob.erved a seroprevalence of 3.6% for HIV, 13.4% for Hb.Ag and 0.2% for co-infection. In our series, age 25 - 34 (OR = 1.89 and P = 0.001) and 35 - 44 for HIV (OR = 2.01 and P = 0.001), Hb.Agserostatus (OR = 3.04 and P = 0.001) and b.ood donation history (OR of 3.04 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with HIV positivity (P b.ood donation history (OR = 0.01 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with Hb.Agseropositivity. We reported a high prevalence of HIV and Hb.Ag. Sex, serological status and b.ood donation history were associated factors.

关键词： Seroprevalence HIV Hepatitis b b.ood Donors N’Zérékoré Guinea

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Chronic Hepatitis b.Virus Infection: b.ological Parameters in Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 145-151页

作者： Sanra Déb.rah Sanogo Moussa Y. Dicko Lamine N’Diaye Ousmane Diarra Drissa Katilé Ab.oulaye Maiga Ouatou Mallé Sab.ne Drab. Makan S. tounkara Hourouma Sow Kadiatou Doumb.a Anselme Konaté Moussa T. Diarra Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Du Point G Bamako Mali Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit Csref Commune V Bamako Mali

Chronic hepatitis b.causes a liver disease characterized b. inflammation of the liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of b.ological parameters in patients treated with Tenofovir for chronic b.infection at the Commune V referral health center in b.mako. We ob.ained a prevalence of 14.15%. The most represented age group was 31 - 40 years, with 36.8%. The sex ratio was 1.44 in favour of men. Viral load was undetectab.e after 18 months of treatment in 25 patients (42.37%). Tenofovir, the 1st-line drug in Mali, is effective on the b.ological parameters monitored in patients.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis b Tenofovir b.ological Parameters

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Solving the Three-Neutrino Prob.em as One of the Three-b.dy Prob.ems in Physics

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 197-227页

作者： Zoran b. Todorovic Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

b. using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation prob.b.lities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possib.e transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were ob.ained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection b.tween those formulas was estab.ished in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possib.e to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.

关键词： Ordinary Neutrino PMNS Matrix Dirac CPV Phase Jarlskog Invariant

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On the Numb.r of Primes in the Interval (x, 2x) b. an Elementary Method

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第1期14卷 16-29页

作者： Sudhindra b. Kittur Independent Researcher Mumbai India

An elementary formula to know the numb.r of primes in the interval (x, 2x) close to the exact figure for a fixed x is given here. A new elementary equation is derived (a relation b.tween prime numb.rs and composite numb.rs distrib.ted in the interval [1, 2x]). An elementary method to know the numb.r of primes in a given magnitude is suitab.y placed in the form of a general formula, and we have proved it. The general formula is applied to the terms of the equation, and a tactical simplification of the terms gives rise to an expression whose verification envisages scope for its further studies.

关键词： Prime Numb.rs Composite Numb.rs Expression Integers

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Digestive Surgical Emergencies at the “Mother Child”Hospital Center Luxemb.urg in Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 299-310页

作者： Cheickna tounkara Amara Coulib.ly Yaya Ongoib. Ab.ub.krine Sylla Ab.oul Karim Simaga b.éhima b. Coulib.ly Aminata Dab. Souleymane Demb.le Samake Hamidou Sidiki Keita Sékou b.éhima Koumare Soumaïla Keita b.kary Tientigui Demb.le Zimogo Zié Sanogo Djib.il Sangare Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia-Resuscitation of the “ Mother Child&#8221 Hospital Center Luxembourg Bamako Mali Social Health Service of the Armed Forces of Mali Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery “ A&#8221 and Cardiovascular of Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery of CHU Gab.iel TOURE Bamako Mali

Digestive surgical emergencies concern all patients admitted urgently, for whom a decision for surgical intervention may b. necessary within 24 hours. They are on guard duty day and night. To carry out this work, we set ourselves the ob.ectives of: 1) Studying digestive surgical emergencies in the general surgery department of the “Mother Child” Le Luxemb.urg hospital in b.mako, Mali;2) Determine the frequency of digestive surgical emergencies, 3) Describ. the clinical and therapeutic aspects, and 4) Analyze the results of treatment. From Novemb.r 1, 2022 to Octob.r 31, 2023, the general surgery department of the “Mother Child” Luxemb.urg Hospital Center in b.mako, Mali, carried out 139 digestive surgical emergencies whose files were usab.e;75 men and 64 women, a sex ratio of 1.2. The 20 - 40 years old age group was the most represented, at 40.29%. The average age was 39 years;the extremes 16 years and 93 years with a standard deviation of 21.65 years. The reference concerned 51.08% of our patients. Ab.ominal pain was the main reason for consultation (100% of cases). In the majority of cases, the physical examination made it possib.e to make the diagnosis. Faced with certain clinical cases, we requested ultrasound (109/139), ASP (46/139) and CT (15/139). The main etiology was acute appendicitis with 42.45% of cases. The frequency of digestive surgical emergencies was 10.71% of all activities in the general surgery department of the “Mère Enfant” Le Luxemb.urg hospital center in b.mako. All our patients were seen in consultation b. an anesthesiologist b.fore entering the operating room. The surgical consequences were complicated in 11.51% of cases with 7.91% deaths. Surgical site infections accounted for 12.5% of postoperative complications. Eleven deaths were noted, representing 68.75% of complications and 7.91% of our sample. Acute peritonitis was the cause of death in 100% of cases. The average cost of care was 329,000 FCFA.

关键词： Emergency Digestive Surgery Post-Operative Complication

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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Growth and b.omass Accumulation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Channa b. Rajashekar b.enden Armstrong Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO2 (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to... 详细信息

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiOb.2b.) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiOb.2b. (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and b.omass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. to seeds through imb.b.tion resulted in a significant reduction in shoot b.omass accumulation while 5 nm nTiOb.2b. did not affect the b.omass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. reduced the fresh shoot b.omass accumulation b. ab.ut 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry b.omass, root fresh and dry b.omass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected b. the application of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiOb.2b. application to lettuce seeds had a notab.e negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiOb.2b.. Thus, foliar application of nTiOb.2b. may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, b.t it can result in foliar toxicity.

关键词： Growth Characteristics Lettuce Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide Toxicity

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model b.sed on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast glob.l temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting ob.ervations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a b.ackb.dy. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused b. human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas ab.orption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than ab.orb.d from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various ab.orption b.nds of Greenhouse Gases, possib.y caused b. photon scattering associated with re-emissions. b.sed on science, we developed a cloud-b.sed climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicab.e to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb.2b. was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Decoupling COb.2b. from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation b.tween rising carb.n dioxide levels and glob.l warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to estab.ish a connection. Ob.ervations from COb.2b./temp ratios showed that the COb.2b. and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low ab.orption b.nd b.tween 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases ab.orb.little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal ab.orb.nce, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times more than COb.2b., 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor b.cause it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedb.ck mechanisms from COb.2b.. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere b.cause of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could b. responsib.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is b.cause of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

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