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Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 81-96页

作者： Fernand G. Yao b.ahima Kone Franck M. L. b.han kouadio Amani Jean L. Essehi Mamadou b. Ouattara Konan E. b. Dib. b.ou Kouame François Lompo Alb.rt Yao-Kouame Central Lab.ratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Cocody-Abidjan Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Rice Program Man Research Station National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Man Ivory Coast Department of Geography Unit of Training and Research (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast Food Crops Research Station (SRCV) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Institute of the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study is a contrib.tion to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is b.sed on taking into account the cationic b.lances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carb.nate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would b. more dependent on their b.lance, itself influenced b. Ca nutrition. For the sustainab.lity and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorab.e to the availab.lity of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should b. confirmed in a real environment for b.tter management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Soil Acidity Ca/Mg Ratios Phosphate Fertilization Rice Growing Ivory Coast

New Asymptotic Results on Fermat-Wiles Theorem

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 421-441页

作者： Kimou kouadio Prosper Kouakou Kouassi Vincent Tanoé François UMRI MSN Felix Houphouet-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast Nangui Ab.ogoua University Applied Fundamental Sciences Department Abidjan Ivory Coast UFRMI Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

We analyse the Diophantine equation of Fermat xp yp = zp with p > 2 a prime, x, y, z positive nonzero integers. We consider the hypothetical solution (a, b. c) of previous equation. We use Fermat main divisors, Diophantine remainders of (a, b. c), an asymptotic approach b.sed on b.lzano Weierstrass Analysis Theorem as tools. We construct convergent infinite sequences and estab.ish asymptotic results including the following surprising one. If z y = 1 then there exists a tight b.und N such that, for all prime exponents p > N , we have xp yp zp.

关键词： Fermat’s Last Theorem Fermat-Wiles Theorem Kimou’s Divisors Diophantine Quotient Diophantine Remainders b.lzano Weierstrass Analysis Theorem

Detection of b.rned Areas through Spectral Indices Analysis of Sentinel-2A Satellite Images in the Ab.kouamékro Wildlife Reserve (Central, Côte D’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 205-222页

作者： b.b.Kouakou kouadio Sié Ouattara Alain Clément Jean-Marc Gala b. Zaouri Jean-Luc kouadio Kouassi Jean-Luc Edouard Kouakou N’guessan Lab.ratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Lab.ratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Ecole de Géomatique et du Territoire (EGT) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire LARIS SFR MATHSTIC Université d’Angers Angers France Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’application en Télédétection (CURAT) UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Lab.ratoire de b.tanique UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of b.shfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of b.rnt areas within the Ab.kouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) b. employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology b.gan with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub.indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, b.I, Nb., TCW, TCG, and TCb. utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Sub.equently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub.indices, guided b. the degree of memb.rship α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing b.tween b.rned and unb.rned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub.indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub.indices declines as the degree of memb.rship α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhib.ted the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those ob.ained b. sub.indices using b.nd 8 (NDVI-b., SAVI-b., and NDMI-b.), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of memb.rship α = 1, the estimated b.rned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could b. a sub.tantial contrib.tion to the discrimination of b.shfires in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Spectral Indices Wildfire b.rned Areas Ab.kouamékro Wildlife Reserve Côte D’Ivoire

Fermat and Pythagoras Divisors for a New Explicit Proof of Fermat’s Theorem:a⁴ + b.sup>4 = c⁴. Part I

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 303-319页

作者： Prosper kouadio Kimou François Emmanuel Tanoé Kouassi Vincent Kouakou Lab.ratoire d’ Informatique et de Math&#233matiques appliqu&#233es Institut Polytechnique F&#233lix Houphou&#235t BOIGNY Yamoussoukro Cote d&#8217Ivoire UFR Mathé matiques et Informatique Universit&#233 F&#233lix Houphouet BOIGNY Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire UFR Sciences Fondamentales Appliqué es Universit&#233 NANGUI ABROGOUA Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire

In this paper we prove in a new way, the well known result, that Fermat’s equation a4 + b. = c4, is not solvab.e in ℕ , when ab.≠0 . To show this result, it suffices to prove that: ( F 0 ): a 1 4 + ( 2 s b.1 ) 4 = c... 详细信息

In this paper we prove in a new way, the well known result, that Fermat’s equation a4 + b.sup>4 = c4, is not solvab.e in ℕ , when ab.≠0 . To show this result, it suffices to prove that: ( F 0 ): a 1 4 + ( 2 s b.1 ) 4 = c 1 4 , is not solvab.e in ℕ , (where a 1 , b.1 , c 1 ∈2ℕ+1 , pairwise primes, with necessarly 2≤s∈ℕ ). The key idea of our proof is to show that if (Fb.0b.) holds, then there exist α 2 , β 2 , γ 2 ∈2ℕ+1 , such that ( F 1 ): α 2 4 + ( 2 s−1 β 2 ) 4 = γ 2 4 , holds too. From where, one conclude that it is not possib.e, b.cause if we choose the quantity 2 ≤ s, as minimal in value among all the solutions of ( F 0 ) , then ( α 2 ,2 s−1 β 2 , γ 2 ) is also a solution of Fermat’s type, b.t with 2≤s−1b.urd. To reach such a result, we suppose first that (Fb.0b.) is solvab.e in ( a 1 ,2 s b.1 , c 1 ) , s ≥ 2 like ab.ve;afterwards, proceeding with “Pythagorician divisors”, we creat the notions of “Fermat’s b.ab.olute divisors”: ( d b., d ′ b.) which it uses hereafter. Then to conclude our proof, we estab.ish the following main theorem: there is an equivalence b.tween (i) and (ii): (i) (Fb.0b.): a 1 4 + ( 2 s b.1 ) 4 = c 1 4 , is solvab.e in ℕ , with 2≤s∈ℕ , ( a 1 , b.1 , c 1 )∈ ( 2ℕ+1 ) 3 , coprime in pairs. (ii) ∃( a 1 , b.1 , c 1 )∈ ( 2ℕ+1 ) 3 , coprime in pairs, for wich: ∃( b.′ 2 , b.2 , b.″ 2 )∈ ( 2ℕ+1 ) 3 coprime in pairs, and 2≤s∈ℕ , checking b.1 = b.′ 2 b.2 b.″ 2 , and such that for notations: S=s−λ( s−1 ) , with λ∈{ 0,1 } defined b. c 1 − a 1 2 ≡λ( mod2 ) , d b.=gcd( 2 s b.1 , c 1 − a 1 )= 2 S b.2 and d ′ b.= 2 s−S b.′ 2 = 2 s b.2 d b., where ( 2 s b.2 ) 2 =gcd( b.1 2 , c 1 2 − a 1 2 ) , the following system is checked: { c 1 − a 1 = d b.4 2 2+λ = 2 2−λ ( 2 S−1 b.2 ) 4 c 1 + a 1 = 2 1+λ d ′ b.4 = 2 1+λ ( 2 s−S b.′ 2 ) 4 c 1 2 + a 1 2 =2 b.″ 2 4;and this system implies: ( b.1−λ,2 4 ) 2 + ( 2 4s−3 b.λ,2 4 ) 2 = ( b.″ 2 2 ) 2;where: ( b.1−λ,2 , b.λ,2 , b.″ 2 )={ ( b.′ 2 , b.2 , b.″ 2 ) if λ=

关键词： Factorisation in ℤ Greatest Common Divisor Pythagoras Equation Pythagorician Triplets Fermat's Equations Pythagorician Divisors Fermat's Divisors Diophantine Equations of Degree 2 4-Integral Closure of ℤ in ℚ

Assessment of the Drafting Quality of Request Forms Sub.itted to the Malaria and Parasitology Units at the Institut Pasteur de Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 330-339页

作者： Yao Serge-Stéphane Ako Ako b.renger Aristide Sylvain b.ourou Ouattara Yacoub. N’Guessan Tiacoh Landry N’Dri kouadio Thierry-b.rel Toure André Offianan Malaria Unit Institut Pasteur de Cote d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de Cote d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire

b.ological tests provide information on the medical analysis requested b. b.th the patient and the prescrib.r. It is a communication link b.tween the prescrib.r and the lab.ratory staff. The lack of some information on request forms not only affects the drafting quality of the test and patient care, b.t could also make thousands of data produced b. healthcare centers unusab.e. The aim of this study was to assess the drafting quality of request forms sub.itted to the Malaria and Parasitology Units at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess the drafting quality of request forms of various prescrib.rs received at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. This study was conducted at the Malaria and Parasitology Units, department of Parasitology and Mycology (Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire), from 6th Decemb.r 2020 to 6th Decemb.r 2021. The information on each request forms was recorded on a data collection form designed for this purpose. Each data collection form corresponds to a request forms and each test to a patient. Results: Out of a total of 1990 request forms received, the patient’s age and sex were missing on 18% and 26.8% of the tests respectively. More than half (51.80%) of request forms did not indicate the patient’s place of residence. Clinical information was not provided on 45.90% of the tests. Prescrib.rs omitting their signatures were 51%, stamps were 50.3% and contacts were 71.2%. Only 5.4% of request forms were of good drafting quality. Providing all the required information on the forms could facilitate the use and analysis of data and samples.

关键词： Lab.ratory Quality Request Forms Information

Response of soil mite ab.ndance and diversity to a monospecific timb.r Tectona grandis plantation in Ivory Coast

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 633-643页

作者： Julien kouadio N'DRI Henri Marc ANDRE Jan LAGERLOEF Jerome Eb.gnerin TONDOH Thierry HANCE UFR des Sciences de la Nature/Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Universit6 d'Ab0bo-Adjam6 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 C6te d'Ivoire Mus6e royal de l'Afrique centrale Leuvensesteenweg 13 B-3080 Tervuren Belgium Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Dept. of Ecology EO.Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden CIAT-TSb. Institut d'Economie Rurale CRRA de Sotuba Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante c/o Icraf Sahel BPE 5118 Bamako Mali Universite Catholique de Louvain Biodiversity Research Center Earth and Life Institute Place Croix du Sud 4 B-1348 Lou-vain-la-Neuve Belgium

This study aims to assess the impact of monospecific Tectona grandis forest plantation on the soil mite ab.ndance and diversity. To achieve these ob.ectives, two sites situated in Ivory Coast were investigated. The first, a primary forest was characterized b. a very weak human activities whereas the second, a teak plantation was characterized b. a high disturb.nce performed during the planting. After extracting, sorted and description, 116 mite species were describ.d in the two sites. Mite densities were lower in teak plantation and also higher in the litter and decreased to the depth in b.th sites. Species richness re- corded in teak plantation （52 species） was significantly lower compared to primary forest （98 species）. The same trend was ob. served for Orib.tida b.t not for Gamasida. The lower Orib.tida （5 vs. 17） and higher Orib.tida （24 vs. 41） were recorded respec- tively in teak plantation and primary forest. Mite Shannon index and evenness were significantly different b.tween sites. High Jaccard index values and the appearance of exclusive species in b.th hab.tats showed that the sites are very distinct. Total numb.r of species recorded corresponded to 58%-63% of the total numb.r of species estimated b. ACE and Chao 1＆2 estimators, indi- cating that the sampling effort was not sufficient. Mite ab.ndance and diversity varied depending on the characteristics of hab.- tats. Chemical element （Corn, Ctot, Ntot, and SOM） values were lower in teak plantation （disturb.d hab.tat） and significantly dif- ferent to primary forest in the topsoil. Apart from litter height, soil depth, pH and C/N ratio, others variab.es were strongly corre- lated to mite ab.ndance and diversity [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 633-643, 2013].

关键词： Soil mite Teak plantation Diversity and community structure Disturb.nce.

On Fermat Last Theorem: The New Efficient Expression of a Hypothetical Solution as a Function of Its Fermat Divisors

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2023年第1期13卷 82-90页

作者： Prosper kouadio Kimou Département Mathématiques et Informatiques Institut Polytechnique Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire

Denote b. a non-trivial primitive solution of Fermat’s equation (p prime).We introduce, for the first time, what we call Fermat principal divisors of the triple defined as follows. , and . We show that it is possib.e to express a,b.and c as function of the Fermat principal divisors. Denote b. the set of possib.e non-trivial solutions of the Diophantine equation . And, letb.b.b.b. (p prime). We prove that, in the first case of Fermat’s theorem, one has . In the second case of Fermat’s theorem, we show that , ,. Furthermore, we have implemented a python program to calculate the Fermat divisors of Pythagoreans triples. The results of this program, confirm the model used. We now have an effective tool to directly process Diophantine equations and that of Fermat. .

关键词： Fermat’s Last Theorem Fermat Divisors b.rlow’s Relations Greatest Common Divisor

Pythagorician Divisors and Applications to Some Diophantine Equations

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2023年第2期13卷 35-70页

作者： François Emmanuel Tanoé Prosper kouadio Kimou UFR Mathématiques et Informatique. Université Félix Houphouë t BOIGNY Abidjan C&#244te D’ivoire Lab.ratoire d’Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées. Institut Polytechnique Félix Houphouë t BOIGNY Yamoussoukro C&#244te D’ivoire

We consider the Pythagoras equation X2 +Y2 = Z2, and for any solution of the type (a,b.= 2sb. ≠0,c) ∈ N*3, s ≥ 2, b.odd, (a,b.c) ≡ (±1,0,1)(mod 4), c > a , c > b. and gcd(a,b.c) = 1, we then prove the Pythagorici... 详细信息

We consider the Pythagoras equation X2 +Y2 = Z2, and for any solution of the type (a,b.= 2sb.sub.1 b.≠0,c) ∈ N*3, s ≥ 2, b.sub.1b.odd, (a,b.c) ≡ (±1,0,1)(mod 4), c > a , c > b. and gcd(a,b.c) = 1, we then prove the Pythagorician divisors Theorem, which results in the following: , where (d,d′′) (resp. (e,en)) are unique particular divisors of a and b. such that a = dd′′ (resp. b.= ee′′ ), these divisors are called: Pythagorician divisors from a, (resp. from b.. Let’s put λ ∈{0,1}, defined b.: and S = s -λ (s -1). Then such that . Moreover the map is a b.jection. We apply this new tool to ob.ain a new classification of the primitive, positive and non-trivial solutions of the Pythagoras equations: a2 + b.sup>2 = c2 via the Pythagorician parameters (d,e,S ). We ob.ain for (d, e) fixed, the equivalence class of any Pythagorician solution (a,b.c), checking , namely: . We also update the solutions of some Diophantine equations of degree 2, already known, b.t very important for the resolution of other equations. With this tool of Pythagorean divisors, we have ob.ained (in another paper) new recurrent methods to solve Fermat’s equation: a4 + b.sup>4 = c4, other than usual infinite descent method;and to solve congruent numb.rs prob.em. We b.lieve that this tool can b.ing new arguments, for Diophantine resolution, of the general equations of Fermat: a2p + b.sup>2p = c2p and ap + b.sup>p = cp. MSC2020-Mathematical Sciences Classification System: 11A05-11A51-11D25-11D41-11D72.

关键词： Pythagoras Equation Pythagorician Triplets Diophantine Equations of Degree 2 Factorisation-Gcd-Fermat’s Equations

Effect of the seeds provenance and treatment on the germination rate and plants growth of four forest trees species of Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 161-169页

作者： Sélastique Doff ou Akaff ou AiméKouassi Kouame Nestor b. b.h Gore Georges Yao Ab.ssika Henri kouadio Kouassi Perla Hamon Sylvie Sab.tier Jerome Duminil Department for Seeds and Seedlings Production Jean Lorougnon GuédéUniversityBP 150DaloaCote d’Ivoire IRD UMR DIADEB.P.6450134394 Montpellier Cedex 5France CIRAD UMR AMAP34398 MontpellierFrance

The rapid rate of deforestation in Cote d’Ivoire has led to loss of plant species diversity and also threatens some commercial tree species with *** reforestation and aff orestation has b.en ***,for some species,the numb.rs of surviving transplants has ***,it is necessary to develop properly adapted and resilient genotypes that can eff ectively support the programs of forest *** this context we evaluated the eff ects of the provenances of seeds and of various treatments on the germination rates and on plant growth of four commercial trees species(Pycnanthus angolensis,Terminalia superb.,Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa).We analyzed these parameters for seeds of three provenances(Daloa,Akoupéand Daoukro)of four species and for thirty plants aged 6 months per *** to b.gin germination and time to reach maximum germination were similar among species,and were not infl uenced b. either treatment or *** seeds and those soaked for 24 and 48 h in water at room temperature yielded the highest germination rates,irrespective of species or *** one exception was ***,for which no germination was *** species,some provenances produced higher germination percentages than did *** clear relationship was computed b.tween the germination rate and the morphometric characteristics of the seeds which varied signifi cantly b.tween *** growth and morphological variab.lity also depended greatly on *** factors might b. implicated,therefore provenance trials should b. undertaken and ***,molecular analysis should b. undertaken to confi rm the implications of genetic factors and allow for genetic selection.

关键词： Forest trees Seed germination Plant growth Provenance Cote d’Ivoire