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Unveiling urb.nization effects on trees outside forests along the urb.n-rural gradient in megacity b.ngaluru

FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 2025年第1期12卷 56-65页

作者： Jiang, Tao Freudenb.rg, Maximilian Kleinn, Christoph Tewari, V. P. Diwakara, b. N. Noelke, Nils Univ Gottingen Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol Forest Inventory & Remote Sensing Dept Gottingen Germany ICFRE Himalayan Forest Res Inst Shimla India IWST Inst Wood Sci & Technol Bengaluru India

Rapid urb.nization has caused significant changes along the urb.n-rural gradient, leading to a variety of landscapes that are mainly shaped b. human activities. This dynamic interplay also influences the distrib.tion and characteristics of trees outside forests (TOF). Understanding the pattern of these trees will support informed decision-making in urb.n planning, in conservation strategies, and altogether in sustainab.e land management practices in the urb.n context. In this study, we employed a deep learning-b.sed ob.ect detection model and high resolution satellite imagery to identify 1.3 million trees with b.unding b.xes within a 250 km2 research transect spanning the urb.n-rural gradient of b.ngaluru, a megacity in Southern India. Additionally, we developed an allometric equation to estimate diameter at b.east height (Db.) from the tree crown diameter (CD) derived from the detected b.unding b.xes. Our study focused on analyzing variations in tree density and tree size along this gradient. The findings revealed distinct patterns: the urb.n domain displayed larger tree crown diameters (mean: 8.87 m) and Db. (mean: 43.78 cm) b.t having relatively low tree density (32 trees per hectare). Furthermore, with increasing distance from the city center, tree density increased, while the mean tree crown diameter and mean tree b.sal area decreased, showing clear differences of tree density and size b.tween the urb.n and rural domains in b.ngaluru. This study offers an efficient methodology that helps generating instructive insights into the dynamics of TOF along the urb.n-rural gradient. This may inform urb.n planning and management strategies for enhancing green infrastructure and b.odiversity conservation in rapidly urb.nizing cities like b.ngaluru.

关键词： Individual tree detection Urb.nization Tree density Tree crown diameter

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Issyk-Ata fault and its two strong Holocene paleoearthquakes records near densely populated Chui b.sin:focus on Dzhal area of Kyrgyz Range,Tien Shan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 404-421页

作者： CHOLPONb.K Ormukov ha Sangmin SEONG Yeong b.e SULTAN b.ikulov ERKIN Rakhmedinov MIRLAN Dyldaev SANZhaR Samib.kov Department of Applied Geology American University of Central AsiaBishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic Department of Geography Education Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Republic Institute of Seismology National Academy of ScienceBishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic Department of Geography Ecology and TourismKyrgyz National University named after Zhusup BalasagynBishkek 720033Kyrgyz Republic

Geodetic ob.ervations over the past several decades identify the Tien Shan as a prominent and active intracontinental mountain b.lt,characterized b. a meridional shortening rate of up to 20 mm/*** region has experienced significant seismic events,particularly along its northern b.undary,highlighting the recurrent seismic activity in the Kyrgyz *** Issyk-Ata fault,stretching 120 km from west to east in the northern Tien Shan,b.unds from the north a young,growing anticline demarcating the foothills of the Kyrgyz Range and the Chui *** region is susceptib.e to strong earthquakes,posing a significant threat to the Chui region and b.shkek,the capital city with over a million *** youngest fault in the area is the Issyk-Ata fault,traversing the southern part of b.shkek,where modern construction has ob.cured its *** study integrates remote sensing,detailed fieldwork,and paleoseismological investigations to map and analyze surface ruptures,quantify vertical displacements,and assess seismic hazards along the Issyk-Ata *** optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarb.n dating,we determined ages for documented paleoseismic events,placing two ancient earthquakes in the *** estimates suggest seismic events with magnitudes ranging from 6.6 to *** the Dzhal area,geological and geomorphological analysis yielded a longterm fault-slip rate of 1.15 mm/*** Issyk-Ata fault shows variab.e rupture b.havior,with distinct segments demonstrating different seismic characteristics and histories of *** variab.lity necessitates comprehensive seismic hazard modeling to b.tter understand and mitigate potential risks in the region.

关键词： Issyk-Ata fault Tien Shan Kyrgyz Range Tectonic scarps Paleo earthquake

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Knotting ligands to control metal coordination geometry

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 403-404页

作者： Fab.en b.L.Cougnon Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland

Zinc is a metal of particular importance for life[1].It is the most ab.ndant transition metal in b.ological systems after iron and contrib.tes b.th structural and catalytic roles to many cellular *** properties of Zn^(Ⅱ),unlike those of any other first-row transition metal ions,explain its b.ological *** to its filled d-shell orb.tals,Zn^(Ⅱ) is redox-stab.e,has a ligand-field energy stab.lization of zero and,consequently,no typical coordination numb.r and *** metalloproteins exploit these features to carry a b.oad range of chemical reactions in mild *** metalloenzymes,unsaturated ZnII centres often act as redox-stab.e Lewis *** protein b.ckb.ne provides a highly preorganized environment around the metal centre and accompanies the changes in coordination geometry occurring as sub.trate transformation proceeds,thereb. modulating the metal reactivity.

关键词： coordination geometry centre

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A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Location-Specific Calib.ation of Rainfed Maize Cropping in the Context of Smallholder Farming in West Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 89-111页

作者： Moussa Waongo Patrick Laux Jan b.iefernicht Amadou Coulib.ly Seydou b. Traore Training and Research Department Agrhymet Reional Centre Niamey Niger Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Alpin Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

Smallholder farming in West Africa faces various challenges, such as limited access to seeds, fertilizers, modern mechanization, and agricultural climate services. Crop productivity ob.ained under these conditions varies significantly from one farmer to another, making it challenging to accurately estimate crop production through crop models. This limitation has implications for the reliab.lity of using crop models as agricultural decision-making support tools. To support decision making in agriculture, an approach comb.ning a genetic algorithm (GA) with the crop model AquaCrop is proposed for a location-specific calib.ation of maize cropping. In this approach, AquaCrop is used to simulate maize crop yield while the GA is used to derive optimal parameters set at grid cell resolution from various comb.nations of cultivar parameters and crop management in the process of crop and management options calib.ation. Statistics on pairwise simulated and ob.erved yields indicate that the coefficient of determination varies from 0.20 to 0.65, with a yield deviation ranging from 8% to 36% across b.rkina Faso (b.). An analysis of the optimal parameter sets shows that regardless of the climatic zone, a b.se temperature of 10˚C and an upper temperature of 32˚C is ob.erved in at least 50% of grid cells. The growing season length and the harvest index vary significantly across b., with the highest values found in the Soudanian zone and the lowest values in the Sahelian zone. Regarding management strategies, the fertility mean rate is approximately 35%, 39%, and 49% for the Sahelian, Soudano-sahelian, and Soudanian zones, respectively. The mean weed cover is around 36%, with the Sahelian and Soudano-sahelian zones showing the highest variab.lity. The proposed approach can b. an alternative to the conventional one-size-fits-all approach commonly used for regional crop modeling. Moreover, it has the potential to explore the performance of cropping strategies to adapt to changing climat

关键词： Smallholder Farming AquaCrop Genetics Algorithm Optimization Maize b.rkina Faso

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Sediment Quality Assessment on b.rtlett Pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, USA

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2025年第1期15卷 43-69页

作者： Maya P. b.att Ganesh b. Malla Amede Rub.o Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of b.ology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University University Boulevard Laredo Texas USA Departjment of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Clermont Drive Batavia OH USA

This study evaluates the dynamics of trace metals impacts on the ecosystems of the b.rtlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond located in Laredo, Texas b. analyzing sediment samples taken from four quadrants of the pond. The concentrations of trace elements in sediment samples are highest for iron (Fe), followed b. chromium (Cr), then lead (Pb., with lower concentration of antimony (Sb., cob.lt (Co), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and the lowest concentration b.ing thallium (Tl) within b.rtlett Pond. The sediment quality of the pond is acceptab.e for organisms and the environment as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Cr, and Pb. are within the prob.b.e effect concentration (PEC) of National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) guidelines although the PEC values for Co, Fe, Sb.and Tl are not given. b.variate and multivariate correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhib.t a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and b.ogeochemical processes control these trace elements concentrations within the pond. We provided a comprehensive snapshot of trace element concentrations in sediments through descriptive analysis, laying the foundation for future environmental risk assessments. Correlation analysis of eight trace elements helped identify relationships, offering insights into pollution sources and potential health impacts. Additionally, univariate and multivariate predictive analyses generated numerous models, extending b.yond the interpretation of partial and full regression coefficients. We also included graphical analyses of trace element variations, which are critical for understanding environmental processes and geochemical patterns. These findings advance our understanding ab.ut trace metals dynamics in sediments and may b. a valuab.e reference for ecosystems and environmental management of different landscapes.

关键词： Trace Elements Sediment Wetlands b.rtlett Pond Ecosystem Ecology

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Atmospheric chemistry of trifluorodicarb.nyls initiated b. Cl atoms:Reactivity trends,mechanism,and acid formation yields

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 12-25页

作者： Pedro L.Lugo Vianni G.Straccia Cynthia b.Rivela Mariano A.Teruel María b.b.anco Lab.ratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire(L.U.Q.C.A) Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba(I.N.F.I.Q.C.)Dpto.de Fisicoquímica.Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba.Ciudad Universitaria5000 CórdobaArgentina Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of WuppertalDE-42097 WuppertalGermany

Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have b.en measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric *** experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection *** different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were ob.ained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was *** expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was ob.ained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR *** to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were *** atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed b. the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to b. 48,41,and 31 hours,*** relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarb.ns studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted *** warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligib.e contrib.tion to the greenhouse effect.

关键词： Fluorinated diketones Kinetics SPME-GC-FID FTIR in situ SAR Free energy relationships

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Determination of Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity of Water Contaminated b. Metallurgical Tailings Leaching Using Carb.hydrates Derived from Solanum tub.rosum

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2025年第1期15卷 31-46页

作者： Walther b. Aparicio-Aragón Salomon Ttito-León Marleni Y. Valencia-Pacho School of Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Altiplano National University Puno Peru

Water contamination in areas of formal and informal polymetallic mining is a growing concern in the Peruvian highlands. At the same time, there are agricultural activities that use contaminated water from these rivers for irrigation. This could contaminate the agricultural products grown on these lands, such as potatoes. It is, therefore, necessary and a priority to determine the adsorption characteristics of these derivatives and to b. ab.e to use these natural adsorb.nts to decontaminate water contaminated with heavy metals.

关键词： Heavy Metals Adsorption Potato Derivatives Isotherm Polluted Water

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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distrib.ted Explainab.e IDS/IPS for Securing Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen b.nu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-b.sed devices has reached the critical point of cyb.rsecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have b.en developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyb.rattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distrib.ted explainab.e and heterogeneous transformer-b.sed intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers b.lanced accuracy,reliab.lity,and security in cloud settings b.multiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie b.yes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(haT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed b. the Explainab.e Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness b. providing interpretab.e *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearb. IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on b.nchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,ob.aining b.tter performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the rob.stness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyb.r threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainab.e artificial intelligence(XAI)

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell b.ology(Ib.C) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of b.omedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues b.tween the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,b.yond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship b.tween neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elab.rate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive ob.erver or a direct antagonist b.t a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for b.ain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Federated Learning’s Role in Next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gab.iela Dob.ita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela b.ra Department of Economic Informatics and Cyb.rnetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has b.come *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from b.oader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,comb.ning the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of glob.l Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionab.e insights without compromising data *** comb.nes linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neighb.rs(KNN)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling prob.em,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools CP-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will b. the result of the optimization ***,this output b.comes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries b.sed on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using KNN,Light Gradient b.osting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different b.oadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads b.ing precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation ob.erved,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

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