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Effect of pipe material and low level disinfectants on biofilm development in a simulated drinking water distribution system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied physics & Engineering) 2009年第5期10卷 725-731页

作者： Ling-ling ZHOU Yong-ji zhang Gui-bai LI School of Municipal Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The efficiency of chlorine and chloramines disinfection on biofilm development in a simulated drinking water distribution system was investigated by using heterotrophic bacterial spread plate technique. The experiments were carried out with four annular reactors (ARs) with stainless steel (SS) or copper (Cu) material slides. The results showed that there were fewer bacteria attached to Cu slides without a disinfectant compared with those attached to SS slides. When the water was disinfected with chloramines, the heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) on the biofilm attached to the Cu slides were significantly lower (by 3.46 log CFU/cm2) than those attached to the SS slides. Likewise, the biofilm HPC numbers on the Cu slides were slightly lower (by 1.19 log CFU/cm2) than those on the SS slides disinfected with chlorine. In a quasi-steady state, the HPC levels on Cu slides can be reduced to 3.0 log CFU/cm2 with chlorine and to about 0.9 log CFU/cm2 with chloramines. The addition of chloramines resulted in a more efficient reduction of biofilm heterotrophic bacteria than did chlorine. We concluded that the chlorine and chloramines levels usually employed in water distribution system were not sufficient to prevent the growth and development of microbial biofilm. The combination of copper pipe slides and chloramines as the disinfectant was the most efficient combination to bring about diminished bacterial levels.

关键词： Copper (Cu) Stainless steel (SS) biofilm Heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) Chlorine Chloramines

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“非遗”视域下德江县土家族“炸龙”价值意蕴及传承现实梗阻与推进路径

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武术研究 2024年第10期9卷 121-123,131页

作者：朱亮张亮熊静梅吉首大学体育科学学院湖南吉首416000 吉首大学师范学院体育系湖南吉首416000

为探寻“非遗”视域下德江县土家族“炸龙”的价值意蕴,并对德江县土家族“炸龙”传承的现实梗阻深入剖析,旨在给出消解德江县土家族“炸龙”传承困境的路径。文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法与田野调查法等研究方法对德江县土家族“炸... 详细信息

为探寻“非遗”视域下德江县土家族“炸龙”的价值意蕴,并对德江县土家族“炸龙”传承的现实梗阻深入剖析,旨在给出消解德江县土家族“炸龙”传承困境的路径。文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法与田野调查法等研究方法对德江县土家族“炸龙”的精神价值与文化意蕴进行探讨。然而,德江县土家族“炸龙”由于受到现代科技文明的冲击,在传承过程中存在以下的现实梗阻:土家族“炸龙”缺乏专业人才和理论载体进行传承、承袭主体弱化,承袭方式单一、自身行为受限,导致生存空间小,传播渠道狭隘、民俗文化与旅游缺乏融合,带动作用甚微。建议:以学校为基地培养土家族“炸龙”传承人才、打破传统思维,创新土家族“炸龙”传承模式、结合信息科技,拓宽土家族“炸龙”的传播路径、整合地域文化与生态旅游促进传承与创新。

关键词：土家族“炸龙” “非遗” 传承

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Facile Synthesis of Functional Poly(methyltriazolylcarboxylate)s by Solvent-and Catalyst-free butynoate-Azide Polycycloaddition

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2020年第1期38卷 17-23,I0005页

作者： Wei-Wen Chi Rong-Yuan zhang Ting Han Jian Du Hong-Kun Li Wei-Jie zhang Yong-Fang Li ben Zhong Tang State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory o f Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege o f ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department o f Urology The First AfTiliated Hospital ofSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department o f Chemistry Hong Kong Branch o f Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University o f Science&TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

The copper-catalyzed and metal-free azide-alkyne click polymerizations have become efficient tools for polymer synthesis. However,the 1,3-dipolar polycycloadditions between internal alkynes and azides are rarely employed to construct functional polymers. Herein, the polycycloadditions of dibutynoate(1) and tetraphenylethene-containing diazides(2) were carried out at 100 °C for 12 h under solvent-and catalyst-free conditions, producing soluble poly(methyltriazolylcarboxylate)s(PMTCs) with high molecular weights in high yields. The resultant polymers were thermally stable with 5% weight loss temperatures up to 377 °C. The PMTCs showed aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties. They could work as fluorescent sensors for detecting explosive with high sensitivity, and generate two-dimensional fluorescent photopatterns with high resolution. Furthermore, their triazolium salts could be utilized for cell-imaging applications.

关键词： Solvent-and catalyst-free polycycloaddition Aggregation-induced emission Photopattern Cell imaging

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Experimental investigation of a novel junction-modulated hetero-layer tunnel FET with the striped gate for low power applications

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 313-314页

作者： Zhongxin LIANG Yang ZHAO Kaifeng WANG Jieyin zhang Jianjun zhang Ming LI Ru HUANG Qianqian HUANG Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Circuits (MOE) School of Integrated CircuitsPeking University Key Laboratory of Nanophysics and Devices Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits

Silicon-based tunneling field effect transistor(TFET) with a band-to-band tunneling mechanism has been widely studied due to its ultra-steep subthreshold swing(SS),ultralow leakage current(Ioff),and good complementary... 详细信息

关键词： FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS

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Gd_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles modified g-C_(3)N_(4) with enhanced photocatalysis activity for degradation of organic pollutants

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第11期39卷 1353-1361,I0002页

作者： Yipeng Zhou Fanshan Zeng Chaoyang Sun Jun Wu Yu Xie Fayun zhang Senlin Rao Fahui Wang Jinbing zhang Jinsheng Zhao Shiqian Li School of New Energy science and Engineering Xinyu UniversityXinyu 338004China college of Environment and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China School of Materials and Environmental Engineering Fujian Polytechnic Normal UniversityFuqing 350300China

Gd_(2) O_(3) nanoparticles modified g-C_(3) N_(4) photocatalytic composites were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal *** structure,morphology,optical properties of the prepared photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),field emission transmission electron microscopy(FETEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The result demonstrates that gadolinium is mainly dispersed on the surface of g-C_(3) N_(4) in the form of Gd_(2) O_(3),and does not destroy the lattice structure of g-C_(3) N_(4).besides,the gadolinium can cause the red shift of the absorption edge of light,narrow the band gap,and increase the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron and hole of g-C_(3) N_(4).Especially,the specific surface area of g-C_(3) N_(4) can be significantly ***,g-C_(3) N_(4)/Gd-0.05 displays the highest photodegradation performance when it is used for degradation of methyl orange(MO),methylene blue(Mb) and Rhodamine b(Rhb).The photodegradation rate of g-C_(3) N_(4)/Gd-0.05 composites is 72.4% for MO,95.5% for Rhb,100% for Mb after120 min under visible light(λ> 420 nm) *** band gap promotes the separation of photogenerated electron and hole,which enhances the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3) N_(4).It is noted that g-C_(3) N_(4)/Gd-0.05 exhibits excellent photocatalytic stability by the photocurrent and the cyclic photodegradation of MO.

关键词： Gd_(2)O_(3) g-C_(3)N_(4) Photocatalysis activity Visible light Hydrothermal method Rare earths

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Tandem organic solar cells with 20.6% efficiency enabled by reduced voltage losses

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National science Review 2023年第6期10卷 215-225页

作者： Jianqiu Wang Zhong Zheng Pengqing bi Zhihao Chen Yafei Wang Xiaoyu Liu Shaoqing zhang Xiaotao Hao Maojie zhang Yongfang Li Jianhui Hou State Key Laboratory of Polymer physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductoroptoelectronics Materials and Devices College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University School of Chemistry and biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University University of Chinese Academy of sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Large voltage losses are the main obstacle for achieving high efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs).Here we construct ternary OSCs by introducing an asymmetric small molecule acceptor AITC into PbDb-TCl:bTP-eC9 system and demonstrate the effectiveness in simultaneously decreasing energy disorder and non-radiative voltage *** is found that the introduction of AITC can modify domain size and increase the degree of crystallinity,which enhances open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency(19.1%,certified as 18.9%).Inspiringly,an output efficiency of 20.6% of the constructed tandem OSCs based on PbDb-TCl:AITC:bTP-eC9 ternary active layer output a recorded efficiency of 20.6%(certified as 20.3%),which is the highest value in OSCs field to *** work demonstrates that decreasing the voltage losses by ternary strategy and constructing of tandem architecture are effective approaches towards improving photovoltaic performance.

关键词： organic solar cells power conversion efficiency voltage losses tandem cells ternary strategy

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Federated unsupervised representation learning

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信息与电子工程前沿:英文版 2023年第8期24卷 1181-1193页

作者： Fengda zhang Kun KUANG Long CHEN Zhaoyang YOU Tao SHEN Jun XIAO Yin zhang Chao WU Fei WU Yueting ZHUANG Xiaolin LI college of Computer science and technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China School of Public Affairs Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Tongdun technology Hangzhou310000China Institute of basic Medicine and Cancer Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310018China Elastic Mind.AI technology Inc. Hangzhou310018China

To leverage the enormous amount of unlabeled data on distributed edge devices,we formulate a new problem in federated learning called federated unsupervised representation learning(FURL)to learn a common representation model without supervision while preserving data *** poses two new challenges:(1)data distribution shift(non-independent and identically distributed,non-IID)among clients would make local models focus on different categories,leading to the inconsistency of representation spaces;(2)without unified information among the clients in FURL,the representations across clients would be *** address these challenges,we propose the federated contrastive averaging with dictionary and alignment(FedCA)*** is composed of two key modules:a dictionary module to aggregate the representations of samples from each client which can be shared with all clients for consistency of representation space and an alignment module to align the representation of each client on a base model trained on public *** adopt the contrastive approach for local model *** extensive experiments with three evaluation protocols in IID and non-IID settings,we demonstrate that FedCA outperforms all baselines with significant margins.

关键词： Federated learning Unsupervised learning Representation learning Contrastive learning

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Effects of Comprehensive Control technology on Heavy Metal Content and Rice Yield in Northern Guangdong Province

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Agricultural biotechnology 2022年第4期11卷 71-73,76页

作者： Yupeng zhang Xianpeng YANG Jianbing ZHOU Yongjun guo Xiaoyuan CHEN Wangmin YANG Yuanye XIAO Henry Fok college of biology and Agriculture Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan 512005China Guangdong Weite Agricultural technology Co. Ltd.Shaoguan 512005China North Guangdong Soil Environment Observation and Research Station Shaoguan 512005China Engineering technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Land Resources in North Guangdong Shaoguan 512005China

In order to explore the application effect of the comprehensive control technology of"soil conditioning-organic planting-foliar control"in the rice area of northern Guangdong,the effects of combined application of different dosages of soil conditioner,bio-organic fertilizer and foliar control agent on heavy metal contents and yields of early and late rice were investigated based on field *** results showed that different treatments of early rice and late rice all increased the *** yield increase rates of treatments 2,3 and 4 reached 4.9%,7.2%and 8.7%in early rice,respectively,and those in late rice reached 7.7%,7.8%and 9.7%,*** the cadmium contents of early rice and late rice in treatments 2,3 and 4 were significantly reduced below the safe *** into account factors such as cost,yield increase rate,and heavy metal compliance rate,the recommended application rate for early and late rice is conventional fertilization+soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm^(2)+bio-organic fertilizer 1800 kg/hm^(2)+foliar control agent 6000 ml/hm^(2).

关键词： Heavy metal Rice Soil Control

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Design and field measurement of a dipole magnet for a newly developed superconducting proton cyclotron beamline

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2018年第9期29卷 214-221页

作者： Jun-Sheng zhang Jin-Xing Zheng Yun-Tao Song Wu-Quan zhang Ming Li Xian-Hu Zeng Institute of Plasma physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of science and technology of China Hefei 230031China

The design, field quality optimization, multipole field analysis, and field measurement of a dipole for a newly developed superconducting proton cyclotron(SC200) beamline are presented in this paper. The maximum magnetic field of the dipole is 1.35 T; the bending radius is 1.6 m with a proton beam energy in the range of70–200 Me V. The magnetic field was calculated with 2 D and 3 D simulations, and measured with a Hall mapping system. The pole shim and end chamfer were optimized to improve the field quality. based on the simulated results,the multipole field components in the good-field region were studied to evaluate the field quality. The results showed that the field quality is better than ± 5 × 10^(-4) at1.35 T with shimming and chamfering. For the transverse field homogeneity, the third-order(b3) and fifth-order(b5)components should be controlled with symmetrical *** second-order(b2) component was the main disturbance for the integral field homogeneity; it could be improved with an end chamfer. The magnet manufacturing and field measurement were performed in this project. The measurement results demonstrated that the magnetic design and field quality optimization of the 45° dipole magnet can achieve the desired high field quality and satisfy the physical requirements.

关键词： Magnet Field quality Pole shim End chamfer Multipole field component

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Synthesis,microstructure,and formation mechanism of a potential neutron shielding material:WAlb

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2022年第31期126卷 127-131页

作者： Dongya zhang Peter Richardson Meng Wang Hanjun Tu Cong Li Linping He Haibin zhang Liqun Shi Applied Ion beam physics Laboratory Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Engineering The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW2308Australia Institute of Nuclear physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China

The recent re-discovery of nano-laminated,ternary transition metal borides called‘MAb’phases(M=transition metal,A=Al,and b=b)has allowed for an alternative candidate material for certain high-performance applications[1,2].The discovery of de-sirable MAb phase properties including near-room temperature magnetocaloric effects of Fe 2 Alb 2[3],high-temperature oxidation resistance of MoAlb[4],and single-layer 2D molybdenum boride sheets obtained through the chemical exfoliation of laminated compounds has resulted in an increase in research into their syn-thesis and properties[5].

关键词： microstructure resistance laminated

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