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Approach for C_(1)to C_(2)products commencing from carbon dioxide:A brief review

Petroleum 2024年第3期10卷 373-398页

作者： g.R.Dey Radiation and Photochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India Homi bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

The carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion to useable compounds remains a great contest to scientists,engineers,and environmentalists with regard to the reverse of the oxidative degradation of *** conversion is essential for the development of complementary fuels and raw materials for various industries,which in turn will help in avoiding the drastic increase in tropospheric temperature due to greenhouse effect leading to global *** solar energy is the earth's essential power source along with the other various forms of energy for example fossil fuels,hydropower,wind,and biomaterials,*** final goal is to establish the artificial photosynthesis,which can be replicated thru various chemical reduction techniques of CO_(2)by employing appropriate photo-,thermal-and electro-catalysts in order to produce different one carbon atom(C_(1))and higher carbon atoms containing ***,the utilization of clean and sustainable CO_(2)towards high-value products is of great interest today due to the recognized environmental worries and subsequent lessening of the fossil fuels utilization load to meet the energy demand of *** way,solar energy can directly and/or indirectly be altered and stored in chemical energy form for industrial as well as societal *** this article our endeavor is to summarize the advances in CO_(2)chemical reduction research area till date especially in free radical-based methods such as electrochemical,photochemical and plasma chemical for the development of carbon species up to two carbon(C_(2))atoms containing products perceived in the chemical reduction of CO_(2).The author hopes that this piece of work will be helpful to researchers and readers who are focused on the field of CO_(2).

关键词： Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis Plasmolysis Thermolysis Carbon dioxide Chemical reduction

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Assessing the Levels of Clinical Reasoning Skills Using Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第7期14卷 283-297页

作者： Omero g. Mwale Patricia k. Mukwato Marjorie k. Makukula‡ The School of Nursing The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia The Department of basic and Clinical Nursing The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching method

关键词： Clinical Competences Clinical Reasoning Skills Undergraduate Nursing Student

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Applicability limits of the DAX test in plastic bonded explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 64-70页

作者： Martin künzel Jindrich kucera Jiri Pachman OZM Research Bliznovice 32Hrochuv Tynec 53862Czech Republic Institute of Energetic Materials Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 95Pardubice 53210Czech Republic

The Disc Acceleration e Xperiment(DAX)is one of the most recent experimental methods of performance characterization of new energetic materials.A cylindrical explosive charge accelerates a thin metallic disc and its velocity is measured continuously using photonic Doppler *** detonation velocity is measured *** DAX test can be used to obtain the Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation pressure and to describe detonation products expansion using reduced amount of explosive.A series of DAX tests was performed at various charge diameters and disc thicknesses with Semtex 1 A plastic bonded explosive and sensitized *** DAX-like evaluation was also applied to previously measured data of Semtex 1A and A-IX-1 *** optimum disc thickness is determined by the disc to explosive mass ratio of *** repeatability of the Semtex 1 A detonation pressure results is about four times lower compared to the pressed and liquid explosives.

关键词： Flyer plate Detonation pressure Photonic Doppler velocimetry Semtex

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Jumping droplets

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Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 3-33页

作者： Jonathan b.boreyko Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA

When microdroplets with quasi-spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low-adhesion substrate,the capillary-inertial expansion of the liquid bridge induces a dramatic out-of-plane jumping event due to symmetry *** the onset of merging,droplet jumping initiates after a capillary-inertial time scale of tci∼1–100μs with characteristic jumping speeds of order vj∼0.1m/*** coalescenceinduced jumping-droplet effect is most commonly observed among a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophobic condenser,but can also occur by colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog *** this review,we cover the historical development of capillary-inertial jumping droplets,summarize the decade-long effort to rationalize the ultra-low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenomenon,and then present 15 variations on a theme of ***-inertial jumping droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the microscale but they also have the potential to enhance phase-change heat transfer,enable selfcleaning surfaces,combat frost formation,harvest energy,and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.

关键词： capillary illustration rational

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On the Features of Thermal Convection in a Compressible gas

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 957-974页

作者： Igor b.Palymskiy Physics Department Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information SciencesNovosibirsk City630102Russia Physics Department Siberian State University of Geosystems and TechnologiesNovosibirsk City630108Russia

The fully nonlinear equations of gas dynamics are solved in the framework of a numerical approach in order to study the stability of the steady mode of Rayleigh-bénard convection in compressible,viscous and heat-conducting gases encapsulated in containers with no-slip boundaries and isothermal top and bottom *** initial linear temperature profile is assumed.A map of the possible convective modes is presented assuming the height of the region and the value of the temperature gradient as influential *** a relatively small height,isobaric convection is found to take place,which is taken over by an adiabatic mode when the height exceeds the critical value,or by a super-adiabatic mode in case of a relatively high temperature *** the adiabatic mode,convective flow develops due to adiabatic processes given a stable initial *** analytic formula for the critical height of the region is derived taking into account and neglecting the dependence of the gas viscosity on the ***,an analytic formula is obtained for the upper boundary of the region of applicability of the boussinesq approximation for incompressible *** models for compressible gases are relevant to practical situations such as the study of convective flows in spatially extended gas mixtures when dealing with safety issues related to hydrocarbons stored in gas stations.A dangerous situation arises when the tank is almost empty but some hydrocarbon is left at the bottom of the *** the presence of convective flows,the vaporized fuel is mixed with the oxidizer(air)forming a gas-vapor ***,if the volumetric concentration of fuel vapor(hydrocarbon)is in the interval between the lower and upper concentration limits of ignition,then the gas-vapor mixture becomes explosive and any accidental spark is sufficient to cause an emergency.

关键词： Rayleigh-bénard convection gas stable stratification unstable stratification temperature gradient

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Effect of organic component(tartrate) addition on cerium nitrate's ability to inhibit corrosion of mild steel in NaCl solution

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1995-2002页

作者： Minakshi koundal Chhaya Sharma A.k.Singh Department of Applied Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeSaharanpur CampusSaharanpurU.247001India Department of Pulp and Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorke Saharanpur CampusSaharanpurU.p247001India

Cerium tartrate(CeTar),produced in this study by precipitating cerium nitrate with potassium sodium tartrate(kNaTar),was examined as a corrosion *** loss tests show inhibition efficiency of 71.7% with Ce(NO_(3))_(3) and 88.7% with CeTar inhibitor for one-month exposure to mild steel in 7 g/L NaCl *** inhibition efficiency drops to 28.6% with the fo rmer and remains around 8 7% with the latter inhibitor after six months of *** results from electrochemical testing indicate that the inhibition efficiency decreases by adding cerium ***,the cerium tartrate inhibitor demonstrates a nearly constant inhibition efficiency for up to 30 d,i.e.,≈90%.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) performed in these cases shows the following results:(ⅰ) with cerium nitrate,a film of iron and cerium oxide,which on prolonged exposure diminishes,and(ⅱ) with cerium tartrate,the formation of a bimetallic film(Fe-tartrate-Ce) and a mixture of cerium hydroxide and iro n oxide that protects steel for a longer *** inferences are based on the analyses of scanning electron microscopy/energydispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDAX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy results.

关键词： Cerium tartrate Cerium nitrate Corrosion inhibition Mild steel Inhibitor film characterization Rare earths

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A new route to weak force sensing beyond SQL:Squeezed magnons in cavity magnomechanics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 166-167页

作者： S.k.Özdemir Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute(MRI)The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Quantum mechanics imposes limits on measurement accuracy through quantum noise which typically has two components:First is the shot noise originating from vacuum fluctuations and referred to as the imprecision *** is ... 详细信息

关键词： quantum typically vacuum

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Hybrid Prairie Dog and beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Load balanced-Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments

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China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 307-324页

作者： k Ramya Senthilselvi Ayothi Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRamapuramChennaiTamil Nadu 600089India

The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data *** utilizes on-demand resource provisioning,but the necessitated constraints of rapid turnaround time,minimal execution cost,high rate of resource utilization and limited makespan transforms the Load balancing(Lb)process-based Task Scheduling(TS)problem into an NP-hard optimization *** this paper,Hybrid Prairie Dog and beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(HPDbWOA)is propounded for precise mapping of tasks to virtual machines with the due objective of addressing the dynamic nature of cloud *** capability of HPDbWOA helps in decreasing the SLA violations and Makespan with optimal resource *** is modelled as a scheduling strategy which utilizes the merits of PDOA and bWOA for attaining reactive decisions making with respect to the process of assigning the tasks to virtual resources by considering their priorities into *** addresses the problem of pre-convergence with wellbalanced exploration and exploitation to attain necessitated Quality of Service(QoS)for minimizing the waiting time incurred during TS *** further balanced exploration and exploitation rates for reducing the makespan during the task allocation with complete awareness of VM *** results of the proposed HPDbWOA confirmed minimized energy utilization of 32.18% and reduced cost of 28.94% better than approaches used for *** statistical investigation of the proposed HPDbWOA conducted using ANOVA confirmed its efficacy over the benchmarked systems in terms of throughput,system,and response time.

关键词： beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(bWOA) cloud computing Improved Hopcroft-karp algorithm Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm(PDOA) Virtual Machine(VM)

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Fuzzy Reliability and Availability of System under a Calendar-based Inspection Involving Multiple Failures and Its Application to Wind Turbine System

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 187-206页

作者： Mintu kumar Himani Pant S.b.Singh Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science G.B.Pant University of AgricultureTechnologyPantnagarUttarakhandIndia

Uncertainty is an important factor that needs to be considered while analyzing the performance of any engineering *** order to quantify uncertainty,fuzzy set theory is frequently used by most of researchers,including energy system *** to the classical reliability theory,component lifetimes have crisp parameters,but due to uncertainty and inaccuracy in data,it is sometimes very difficult to determine the exact values of these parameters in real-world *** overcome this difficulty in the current research,failure and repair rates were taken as triangular fuzzy numbers to determine the fuzzy availability of a system undergoing calendar-based periodic inspection subject to multiple failure modes(FMs).It was assumed that each component in the system had an exponential failure rate and repair rate with fuzzy *** FMs were explicitly taken into account when a functional state of the system was *** FM had a random failure *** the occurrence of any failure,a random time was selected for the relevant corrective repair *** proposed research was studied for one of the major sources of green energy,namely a wind turbine system wherein all the derived propositions have been implemented on it.

关键词： Fuzzy reliability fuzzy availability wind turbine system multiple failure modes triangular fuzzy number

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： brett M.Culbert James b.barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew g.Salena Marian Y.L.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal balshine Department of Integrative biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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