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Equal Sex Ratios of a Marine Green Alga, Bryopsis plumosa

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第6期50卷 648-652页

作者： Tatsuya togashi Paul Alan Cox Marine Biosystems Research Center Chiba University Institute for Ethnomedicine Box 3464 Jackson Hole Wyoming 83001 USA Institute for Ethnomedicine Box 3464 Jackson Hole

By finding some important culture conditions as below, we succeeded in experimentally controlling the whole life history of a dioecious marine green alga, Bryopsis plumosa （Hudson） C. Agardh. In this study, we focused on the primary and secondary sex ratios （i.e. at inception and maturity） using these culture techniques. Gametogenesis was induced by culturing haploid gametophytes with Provasoli＇s enriched seawater （PES） medium under a 14：10 h light： dark cycle at 14 ℃. Formed zygotes grew into diploid sporophytes, which were cultured for 3 months with PES medium under a 14：10 h light ： nbsp;dark cycle at 18℃. Then they were transferred into Schreiber medium and cultured under a 10：14 h light： dark cycle at 22℃. Within 1 week, zoosporogenesis was observed. Zoospores were released within a couple of days. Each zoospore soon germinated and grew into a unisexual gametophyte. The primary sex ratio was examined in gametophytes that originated from a single sporophyte. The secondary sex ratio was studied in the field. Both were estimated as 1：1. Synchronized meiotic cell divisions might occur during zoosporogenesis dividing each sex-determining factor evenly among zoospores. Given the equal sex ratio at maturity, there seems to be no environmental factor that differentially affects the survival of male or female gametophytes in nature.

关键词： algal culture Bryopsis green algae life history sex ratio.

Synthesis of Novel Metal Ion Sensors Based on DNA-Metal Interactions

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复旦学报(自然科学版) 2005年第5期 215-216页

作者： Akira Ono,Humika togashi,Yoko Miyake Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa-ken 221-8686 Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-ohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-ohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan

Synthesis of Novel Metal Ion Sensors Based on DNA-Metal Interactions

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 825-826页

作者： Akira Ono Shiqi Cao Hurnika togashi Yoko Miyake Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering-Kanagar.oa University 3-27-1 RokkakubashiiKanagazoa-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagazoa-ken 221-8686Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-ohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397Japan

The interactions of metal ions with nucleic acids, nucleosides, and nucleo-bases have been extensively investigated[1,2]. We have reported that thymine-thymine (T-T) and cytosine-cytosine (C- C) miss base pairs in DNA duplexes highly selectively capture HgⅡ ion and Ag Ⅰ ion, which result in formations of metal-mediated base pairs, T-HgⅡ -T and C-AgⅠ -C, in duplexes[3]. The phenomenon is expected to be useful for a variety of studies such as synthesis of nano-wires containing metal ions, developing metal-ion sensing methods, ***, we report novel oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN)-based sensors that detect HgⅡ ions and AgⅠ ions in aqueous solutions.

关键词：金属离子传感器 DNA 交感作用核酸核苷

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea after living donor liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2072-2076页

作者： Masao Hashimoto Yasuhiko Sugawara Sumihito Tamura Junichi Kaneko Yuichi Matsui Junichi togashi Masatoshi Makuuchi Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division Department of Surgery Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8655Japan

AIM： To assess the incidence and analyze the risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea （CDAD）after living donor liver transplantation （LDLT） in adult.METHODS： The micobiological data and medical records of 242 adult recipients that underwent LDLT at the Tokyo University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The independent risk factors for postoperative CDAD were identified.RESULTS： Postoperative CDAD occurred in 11 （5%）patients. Median onset of CDAD was postoperative d 19（range, 5-54）. In the multivariate analyses, male gender （odds ratio, 4.56） and serum creatinine （≥ 1.5 mg/dL,odds ratio, 16.0） independently predicted postoperative CDAD.CONCLUSION： CDAD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with postoperative diarrhea after LDLT.

关键词： Living donor liver transplantation Clostridiumdifficile Diarrhea

Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy for walled-off necrosis in the retroperitoneal space of the elderly:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第24期11卷 5736-5741页

作者： Kentaro Sato Goro Shibukawa Kenta Ueda Yuki Nakajima Kazutomo togashi Hiromasa Ohira Department of Gastroenterology Aizu Medical Center Fukushima Medical UniversityAizuwakamatsu 969-3492FukushimaJapan Department of Gastroenterology Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima 960-1295FukushimaJapan

BACKGROUND Walled-off necrosis(WON)is a late complication of acute pancreatitis possibly with a fatal *** for WON spreading to the retroperitoneal space,percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy(PEN)can be an alternate approach to surgical necrosectomy,particularly for the older individuals or patients with poor condition because of *** SUMMARY An 88-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a *** retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)was performed to improve jaundice;however,post-ERCP pancreatitis *** inflammation of pancreatitis spread widely from the right retroperitoneal cavity to the pelvis,and WON was formed 4 wk later.A percutaneous drainage tube was placed into the WON under computed tomography ***,the drainage did not ameliorate clinical symptoms including fever,which assured less invasive necrosectomy.A metallic stent for the upper gastrointestinal(GI)tract was placed from the percutaneous drainage *** upper GI endoscope was inserted into the inside of the WON through the metallic stent,and the necrotic tissues were bluntly removed with a snare *** times of these necrosectomies resulted in the near-complete removal of necrotic *** procedures consequently abated his fever and remarkable improvement in blood *** PEN for WON occurring in the retroperitoneal space was safe and effective for very old individuals.

关键词： Walled-off necrosis Percutaneous drainage Endoscopic necrosectomy Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis Elderly Case report

Recurrence of cholestatic liver disease after living donor liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5105-5109页

作者： Sumihito Tamura Yasuhiko Sugawara Junichi Kaneko Junichi togashi Yuichi Matsui Noriyo Yamashiki Norihiro Kokudo Masatoshi Makuuchi Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division Department of Surgery Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8655 Japan Japanese Red Cross Medical Center 4-1-22 Hiroo Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150-8935 Japan

End-stage liver disease, due to cholestatic liver diseases with an autoimmune background such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), is considered a good indication for liver transplantation. Excellent overall patient and graft outcomes, based mostly on the experience from deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT), have been reported. Due to the limited number of organ donations from deceased donors in most Asian countries, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is the mainstream treatment for end-stage liver disease, including that resulting from PBC and PSC. Although the initial experiences with LDLT for PBC and PSC seem satisfactory or comparable to that with DDLT, some aspects, including the timing of transplantation, the risk of recurrent disease, and its long-term clinical implications, require further evaluation. Whether or not the long-term outcomes of LDLT from a biologically related donor are equivalent to that of DDLT requiresfurther observations. The clinical course following LDLT may be affected by the genetic background shared between the recipient and the living related donor.

关键词： Liver transplantation Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Living donor Recurrence

Polynomial Time Method for Solving Nash Equilibria of Zero-Sum Games

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第1期11卷 23-30页

作者： Yoshihiro Tanaka Mitsuru togashi Faculty of Economics and Business Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Graduate School of Accountancy Waseda University Tokyo Japan

There are a few studies that focus on solution methods for finding a Nash equilibrium of zero-sum games. We discuss the use of Karmarkar’s interior point method to solve the Nash equilibrium problems of a zero-sum game, and prove that it is theoretically a polynomial time algorithm. We implement the Karmarkar method, and a preliminary computational result shows that it performs well for zero-sum games. We also mention an affine scaling method that would help us compute Nash equilibria of general zero-sum games effectively.

关键词： Zero-Sum Games Nash Equilibria Karmarkar’s Method Polynomial Time

Improved survival for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy combining etoposide,carboplatin,epirubicin and pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy by 5-FU and enteric-coated tegafur/uracil:A pilo

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第41期13卷 5465-5470页

作者： Toru Ishikawa Michitaka Imai Hiroteru Kamimura Atsunori Tsuchiya Tadayuki togashi Kouji Watanabe Kei-ichi Seki Hironobu Ohta Toshiaki Yoshida Tomoteru Kamimura Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Niigata Second HospitalNiigata 950-1104Japan

AIM： To investigate the poor prognosis of HCC with PVTT, we evaluated the efficacy by a new combination chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with portal vein tumor thrombus （PVTT）. METHODS： From 2002 to 2007, a total of 10 consecutive patients with Stage IVA HCC accompanied by PVTT were studied prospectively to examine the efficacy of treatment by intra-arterial infusion of a chemotherapeutic agents consisting of etoposide, carboplatin, epirubicin and pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy by 5-FU and enteric-coated tegafur/uracil. RESULTS： The mean course of chemotherapy was 14.4 （range, 9-21） too. One patient showed complete response （CR） with disappearance of HCC and PVI-F after treatment, and the two patients showed partial response （PR）, response rate （CR ＋ PR/All cases 30%）. The median survival time after the therapy was 457.2 d. The one-year survival rate was 70%. Adverse reactions were tolerable.CONCLUSION： Although the prognosis of most patients with Stage IVA HCC by PVTT is poor, our combination chemotherapy may induces long-term survival and is an effective treatment and produced anti-tumor activity with tolerable adverse effects in patients for advanced Stage IVA HCC accompanied by PVTT.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Portal vein tumor thrombus Intra-arterial regional chemotherapy

Laterally spreading tumors:Limitations of computed tomography colonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17552-17557页

作者： Kazutomo togashi Kenichi Utano Shigeyoshi Kijima Yosuke Sato Hisanaga Horie Keijirou Sunada Alan T Lefor Hideharu Sugimoto Yoshikazu Yasuda Department of Coloproctology Aizu Medical CenterFukushima Medical UniversityAizuwakmatsu-cityFukushima 969-3492Japan Department of Surgery Jichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigi 329-0498Japan Department of Radiology Jichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigi 329-0498Japan Department of Gastroenterology Jichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigi 329-0498Japan

AIM: To prospectively investigate the detection rate of laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) of the colorectum by computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC).

关键词： Computed tomography colonography Laterally spreading tumor Colon neoplasm Advanced lesion Flat adenoma Detection rate