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Carbon compensation and carbon neutrality:Regional variations based on net carbon transfer of trade in China

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 159-175页

作者： Xue Han Xincai Gao Fayyaz ahmad Abbas ali Chandio Salim Khan School of Economics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000GansuChina College of Economics Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China School of Management Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Inter-provincial carbon compensation is an important means for a country to realize regional environmental protection and achieve coordinated regional development and realize the carbon neutral *** is easier to realize inter-provincial carbon compensation compared with the national *** on the multi-regional input-output model and the input-output data of 30 provinces in China,this study measured the carbon transfer in,carbon transfer out and net carbon transfer of each province,and based on the undesirable slacks-based measurement model under the common frontier,the provinces were given the shadow price of carbon emission in line with the situation of the local economic development,resource endowment,and industrial structure,and based on which,the amount of carbon compensation of each province was *** results show that:China's provinces and regions have a larger share of trade-implied carbon emissions;the net carbon transfer in areas mainly concentrated in the traditional energy provinces,which provide industrial products for other regions and undertake the transfer of carbon emissions,and become the main carbon compensation recipient areas;the net carbon transfer out is mainly concentrated in the economically developed and densely populated areas such as Beijing-Tianjin region and the eastern and southern coasts,which satisfy the end-consumption by purchasing a large number of industrial products and generate a large amount of carbon *** out;becoming the main carbon offset payment *** on the results of this study,it is proposed to improve the national provincial carbon offset mechanism and implement a differentiated and synergistic carbon emission reduction cooperation *** research program of this study can provide a reference for the development of inter-regional carbon offset programs.

关键词： Carbon transfer Shadow price Carbon emission responsibility Carbon compensation

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Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar ali Muhammad Irfan Ashraf Saeed Gulzar Muhammad Akmal Bilal ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Robust design of sliding mode control for airship trajectory tracking with uncertainty and disturbance estimation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 242-258页

作者： WASIM Muhammad ali Ahsan CHOUDHRY Mohammad ahmad SHAIKH Inam Ul Hasan SALEEM Faisal Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47080Pakistan Department of Measurements and Control Systems Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-101Poland The Joint Doctoral School Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-100Poland

The robotic airship can provide a promising aerostatic platform for many potential *** applications require a precise autonomous trajectory tracking control for *** has a nonlinear and uncertain *** is prone to wind disturbances that offer a challenge for a trajectory tracking control *** paper addresses the airship trajectory tracking problem having time varying reference path.A lumped parameter estimation approach under model uncertainties and wind disturbances is opted against distributed *** uses extended Kalman filter(EKF)for uncertainty and disturbance *** estimated parameters are used by sliding mode controller(SMC)for ultimate control of airship trajectory *** comprehensive algorithm,EKF based SMC(ESMC),is used as a robust solution to track airship *** proposed estimator provides the estimates of wind disturbances as well as model uncertainty due to the mass matrix variations and aerodynamic model *** stability and convergence of the proposed method are investigated using the Lyapunov stability *** simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently tracks the desired *** method solves the stability,convergence,and chattering problem of SMC under model uncertainties and wind disturbances.

关键词： airship chattering extended Kalman filter(EKF) model uncertainties estimation sliding mode controller(SMC)

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An Implementation of Multiscale Line Detection and Mathematical Morphology for Efficient and Precise Blood Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2565-2583页

作者： Syed Ayaz ali Shah Aamir Shahzad Musaed Alhussein Chuan Meng Goh Khursheed Aurangzeb Tong Boon Tang Muhammad awais Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22060Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University Tunku Abdul RehmanKampar CampusKampar31900Malaysia Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research University Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarPerak32610Malaysia School of Computing Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUK

Diagnosing various diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cardiovascular conditions,and diabetic retinopathy involves segmenting retinal blood *** task is particularly challenging when dealing with color fundus images due to issues like non-uniformillumination,low contrast,and variations in vessel appearance,especially in the presence of different ***,the speed of the retinal vessel segmentation system is of utmost *** the surge of now available big data,the speed of the algorithm becomes increasingly important,carrying almost equivalent weightage to the accuracy of the *** address these challenges,we present a novel approach for retinal vessel segmentation,leveraging efficient and robust techniques based on multiscale line detection and mathematical *** algorithm’s performance is evaluated on two publicly available datasets,namely the Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction dataset(DRIVE)and the Structure Analysis of Retina(STARE)*** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,withmean accuracy values of 0.9467 forDRIVE and 0.9535 for STARE datasets,aswell as sensitivity values of 0.6952 forDRIVE and 0.6809 for STARE ***,our algorithmexhibits competitive performance with state-of-the-art ***,it operates at an average speed of 3.73 s per image for DRIVE and 3.75 s for STARE *** is worth noting that these results were achieved using Matlab scripts containing multiple *** suggests that the processing time can be further reduced by replacing loops with *** the proposed algorithm can be deployed in real time *** summary,our proposed system strikes a fine balance between swift computation and accuracy that is on par with the best available methods in the field.

关键词： Line detector vessel detection localization mathematical morphology image processing

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Numerical study on flow separation control over NACA0015 aerofoil using electromagnetic fields

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2013年第5期3卷 62-68页

作者： ahmad Sedaghat Mohammad ali Badri Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Research Institute for Subsea Science & Technology Isfahan University of Technology

In this study, a flow solver was developed based on the governing RANS equations of compressible flows and was further extended to include the effects of electromagnetic forces namely Lorentz forces. Lorentz forces may be added as a source term in the governing fluid flow equations. Numerical studies were carried out for NACA0015 aerofoil at high angles of incidences from 15° to 30° and compared with some available cases of experimental and incompressible numerical solutions. The hydrodynamics performance was improved using a magnetic momentum coefficient of up to 0.048. The size of flow separation zone was decreased or completely eliminated by increasing this coefficient. The overall drag was not changed considerably, however the overall lift was increased up to 80 percent at stall angles.

关键词： tromagnetic field Lorentz force flow separation Navier-Stokes TVD schemes

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Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of γ-irradiated silver nanoparticles in aqueous gelatin

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第4期20卷 403-409页

作者： Majid Darroudi Mansor B. ahmad Mohammad Hakimi Reza Zamiri ali Khorsand Zak Hasan ali Hosseini Mohsen Zargar Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Chemistry Department Payame Noor University Department of Materials Engineering and Ceramic CICECO University of Aveiro Electroceramics and Materials Lab. Physics Department Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Faculty of Science Qom Branch Islamic Azad University

Colloidal silver nanoparticles （Ag-NPs） were obtained through γ-irradiation of aqueous solutions containing AgNO3 and gelatin as a silver source and stabilizer, respectively. The absorbed dose of γ-irradiation influences the particle diameter of the Ag-NPs, as evidenced from surface plasmon resonance （SPR） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） images. When the γ-irradiation dose was increased （from 2 to 50 kGy）, the mean particle size was decreased continuously as a result of γ-induced Ag-NPs fragmentation. The antibacterial properties of the Ag-NPs were tested against Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）（Gram-positive） and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.a）（Gram-negative） bacteria. This approach reveals that the γ-irradiation-mediated method is a promising simple route for synthesizing highly stable Ag-NPs in aqueous solutions with good antibacterial properties for different applications.

关键词： silver nanoparticles silver nitrate gelatin gamma rays irradiation bacteria

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Performance Enhancement of XML Parsing Using Regression and Parallelism

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 287-303页

作者： Muhammad ali Minhaj ahmad Khan Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60000Pakistan

The Extensible Markup Language(XML)files,widely used for storing and exchanging information on the web require efficient parsing mechanisms to improve the performance of the *** the existing Document Object Model(DOM)based parsing,the performance degrades due to sequential processing and large memory requirements,thereby requiring an efficient XML parser to mitigate these *** this paper,we propose a Parallel XML Tree Generator(PXTG)algorithm for accelerating the parsing of XML files and a Regression-based XML Parsing Framework(RXPF)that analyzes and predicts performance through profiling,regression,and code generation for efficient *** PXTG algorithm is based on dividing the XML file into n parts and producing n trees in *** profiling phase of the RXPF framework produces a dataset by measuring the performance of various parsing models including StAX,SAX,DOM,JDOM,and PXTG on different cores by using multiple file *** regression phase produces the prediction model,based on which the final code for efficient parsing of XML files is produced through the code generation *** RXPF framework has shown a significant improvement in performance varying from 9.54%to 32.34%over other existing models used for parsing XML files.

关键词： Regression parallel parsing multi-cores XML

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Mechanistic insights toward identification and interaction of plant parasitic nematodes:A review

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 11-27页

作者： Bisma Jan ali Haider Shah Mudasir ahmad Bhat Arif Tasleem Jan Ishfaq ahmad Wani ali Asghar Shah Section of Microbiology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJ&K185234India Department of Biotechnology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Botany Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Zoology School of Biosciences and BiotechnologyBaba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India

Nematode identification serves as an important param-eter to study their behaviour,importance and *** of classical morphometric based identifica-tion methods prove to be lacking due to insufficient knowledge on morphological variations among closely related *** approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for nematode *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signalling *** review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of different classical and modern tools used for the identification of *** we also summa-rize the mechanism of some important signalling pathways which are involved in the different plant nematode *** constitute most diverse and least studied group of soil inhabiting *** are ecologically and physiologically important,however,wide range of nematodes show harmful impact on the individuals that live within their *** parasitic nematodes(PPNs)are transparent,pseudocoelomate,free living or parasitic *** lack morphometric identification methods due to insufficient knowl-edge on morphological variations among closely related *** such,molecular approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for their *** invade the defense response of different plant species,parasitic nematodes have evolved different molecular *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signaling *** overcome the host confrontation and develop certain nematode feeding sites,some members can inject effectors into

关键词： nematode identification plant nematode interaction DNA fingerprinting nematode-associated molecular patterns signaling path-ways

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Extraction of DNA suitable for PCR applications from mature leaves of Mangifera indica L.

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第4期13卷 239-243页

作者： Muhammad Abubakkar AZMAT Iqrar ahmad KHAN Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA Ishtiaq ahmad RAJWANA ahmad Sattar KHAN Asif ali KHAN Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agricul-tureFaisalabadPakistan University College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences University of AgricultureFais-alabadPakistan

Good quality deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA） is the pre-requisite for its downstream applications. The presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and other secondary metabolites in mango leaves poses problem in getting good quality DNA fit for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） applications. The problem is exacerbated when DNA is extracted from mature mango leaves. A reliable and modified protocol based on the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） method for DNA extraction from mature mango leaves is described here. High concentrations of inert salt were used to remove polysaccharides; Polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） and 13-mercaptoethanol were employed to man＇age phenolic compounds. Extended chloroform-isoamyl alcohol treatment followed by RNase treatment yielded 950-1050 pg of good quality DNA, free of protein and RNA. The problems of DNA degradation,contamination, and low yield due to irreversible binding of phenolic compounds and coprecipitation of polysaccharides with DNA were avoided by this method, The DNA isolated by the modified method showed good PCR amplification using simple sequence repeat （SSR） primers, This modified protocol can also be used to extract DNA from other woody plants having similar problems.

关键词： Extraction buffer Mango Polyphenols DNA isolation Simple sequence repeat (SSR) Secondary metabotites

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Polymorphic information and genetic diversity in Brassica speciesrevealed by RAPD markers

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BIOCELL 2020年第4期44卷 769-776页

作者： ali RAZA ABU BAKR UMER FAROOQ WAQAR ahmad KHAN AHSAN IQBAL SADETTINÇELİK MAHWISH ali RAO SOHAIL ahmad KHAN Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyVehari61170Pakistan Institute of Molecular Biology&Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan66000Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Forestry GençVocational SchoolBingol UniversityGenç-Bingol12500Turkey Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical SciencesRawalpindi46000Pakistan Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceWuhan430062China

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)is a tremendously convenient approach used to discriminate between Brassica species owing to its accuracy and *** primers generate adequate genetic information that can be used in the primer-marker *** this work,twenty RAPD-PCR based markers were executed to generate polymorphic data,like polymorphic information content(PIC),mean resolving power(MRP),resolving power(RP),effective multiplex ratio(EMR),and marker index(MI)for the first time and genetic distance among and between six Brassica species were *** results indicated that 20 primers produced a total of 231 scored band and generated 87%polymorphic *** PIC,MRP,RP,MI,and EMR values were 0.088,0.65,6.7,0.78,and 8.9,*** showed an overall negative correlation with MRP,RP,MI,and EMR,whereas MRP,RP,and EMR,were positively correlated with each *** identities ranged from 41.99%(between Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea)to 68.83%(between Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea).Dendrogram results showed no clustering between species except between Brassica campestris and Brassica ***,these results will be helpful to acquire useful information about the markers and their use to determine the genomic structures of Brassica ***,based on genetic distance and polymorphic information,new hybrids can be developed for effective oilseed production.

关键词： Brassica Dendrogram DNA markers Genetic distance Gel electrophoresis Polymorphism

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