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Feasibility of upgrading the energy performance of recent massive brick houses

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第1期3卷 44-54页

作者： Bart Janssens aviel verbruggen Department of Design Sciences and Architecture University of Antwerp Mutsaardstraat 3 I Antwerp2000 Belgium Department of Environment Technology end Technology Munugement University of Antwerp Prinsstraut13 Antwerp 2000 Belgium

Climate change policies imply significant reductions of energy use in buildings. For this, prevailing energy performance standards fall short, notwithstanding the emergence of stricter national building regulations. Regulations cover new built and renovation projects. New built houses that miss the best energy performance are soon candidate for energy upgrading. We investigate the architectural and economic aspects of upgrading recently built detached massive brick houses in Flanders （Belgium）. For representing actual building practices, consecutive upgrading steps from ｜ower to higher energy performance levels are considered. Questions addressed are： What is technically feasible in upgrading such houses？ Which construction works are easy, which difficult？ What are the architectural and financial consequences of a thorough upgrading？ The analysis shows that deep energy transformations are financially unacceptable, related to the irrevocab｜e character of investments in energy efficiency attributes of massive brick houses. This confirms that energy performance endowment measures should be designed and implemented at the time of first construction of a building.

关键词： Massive brick houses Upgrading energyperformance Thorough retrofits

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Risk factors for an atherothrombotic event in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第9期13卷 1411-1416页

作者： Alon Tiosano aviel Hadad Noam Yanculovic Department of Ophthalmology Soroka University Medical CenterBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva 84101Israel

AIM:To identify risk factors for an atherothrombotic event(ATE)among patients who were treated for diabetic macular edema(DME)with intravitreal bevacizumab ***:This retrospective study enrolled all consecutive patients with DME who were treated by intravitreal bevacizumab from 2009 through 2016 in a single *** were divided into one group treated by bevacizumab and subsequently had an ATE and a second group also treated by bevacizumab and did not have an ***:A total of 455 patients with DME were ***-two of the patients had an ATE.A multivariate model adjusted for age,gender,smoking,body mass index,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),duration of diabetes,creatinine,and blood pressure revealed an increased risk for ATE in the patients with diabetic duration of more than 13 y,a systolic blood pressure over 153.5 mm Hg at first treatment,or having been treated by more than 4 intravitreal bevacizumab ***,patients that had an ATE within 3 mo from the last intravitreal treatment underwent more bevacizumab injections(5.2±3.4 vs 3.07±1.86;P153.5 mm Hg,a history of diabetic mellitus for more than 13 y,and treatment with more than 4 intravitreal bevacizumab *** factors need to be borne in mind when bevacizumab is being considered in the management of patients with DME.

关键词： atherothrombotic event bevacizumab diabetic macular edema

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