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Characterization of Electrical Tree Degradation of Epoxy Resin under Thermal and Temperature Stresses by Photoelastic Effect

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 12-20页

作者： Hein htet aung Yuhuai Wang Jin Li Ying Zhang Tatsuo Takada School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Power Generation and Transformation Engineering Baoding Technical College of Electric PowerBaoding 071051China Measurement and Electric Machine Control Laboratory Tokyo City UniversityTokyo 158-8557Japan

Epoxy resin is widely used in the support,insulation,and packaging components of electrical equipment owing to their excellent insulation,thermal,and mechanical ***,epoxy-resin insulation often suffers from thermal and mechanical stresses under extreme environmental conditions and a compact design,which can induce electrical tree degradation and insulation failure in electrical *** this study,the photoelastic method is employed to investigate the thermal-mechanical coupling stress dependence of the electrical treeing behavior of epoxy *** electrical tree growth morphology and stress distribution were observed using the photoelastic *** correlation between the tree length and overall accumulated damage with an increase in mechanical stress is *** results show that compressive stress retards the growth of electrical trees along the electric field,while tensile stress has accelerating *** proves that the presence of thermal stress can induce more severe accumulated damage.

关键词： Epoxy resin electrical tree degradation thermal stress mechanical stress photoelastic effects

Evolution of Collaborative Governance in the 2015,2016,and 2018 Myanmar Flood Disaster Responses:A Longitudinal Approach to a Network Analysis

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 267-280页

作者： Tin myo aung Seunghoo Lim Defence Services Academy Pyin Oo Lwin05081Myanmar Public Management and Policy Analysis Program Graduate School of International RelationsInternational University of JapanMinami Uonuma-shiNiigata949-7277Japan

In disaster response,collaboration facilitates interactions among actors,such as the government,the military,nongovernmental organizations,and civil society *** study examined the longitudinal changes in collaborative governance in Myanmar’s disaster responses based on cases of flooding in 2015,2016,and *** examine the mechanisms underlying this dynamic network formation,the collaborative ties of the actors involved in search and rescue activities were converted into longitudinal relational data sets,and the evolution of collaborative governance was analyzed by relying on the assumptions of social capital,transaction cost,homophily,and resource dependency theories and using a longitudinal social network analysis *** findings show that the collaborative networks of search and rescue processes in disaster response evolved and changed over time according to the hypothesized patterns of strong,weak,and preferential tie *** study also revealed that the collaborative governance system assumes the form of a hierarchy rather than a generalized exchange,and the actors’reliance on military organizations is not obvious due to the emerging alternative non-military actors and diverse local actors observed in the cases.

关键词： Collaborative governance Longitudinal social network analysis Myanmar flood disasters Network sustainability

Current progress in application of 1-Methylcyclopropene to improve postharvest quality of cut flowers

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第6期8卷 676-688页

作者： aung Htay Naing Nay myo Win Swum Yi Kyu In-Kyu Kang Chang Kil Kim Department of Horticulture Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea Apple Research Institute National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal ScienceRDAGunwi 39000South Korea

Floral senescence or petal abscission that determine cut flower quality and longevity are primarily caused by the regulation of endogenous ethylene and perception of endogenous and exogenous ethylene in floral organs(such as the petals and gynoecium),in ethylene-sensitive *** attempts have been made to prolong flower quality and longevity using silver ions and other chemicals that inhibit ethylene production and perception in floral *** the available compounds,1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)has been increasingly used as ethylene-action/perception inhibitor because of its ability to inhibit ethylene action/perception and it is environmentally *** 1-MCP has been used in several cut flower crops for about 25 years,there has been no review yet that critically emphasizes the benefits or difficulties of using this compound for the prolongation of cut flower quality and ***,we outline the role of 1-MCP in inhibiting ethylene action/perception and petal senescence in cut flowers through the blocking of receptor binding sites,and we discuss how various factors affecting efficacy of 1-MCP(such as concentration,treatment time and temperature,genotype,and flower stage)are involved in the achievement of flower ***,we highlight the advantages of applying nonvolatile and liquid 1-MCP formulation types,as opposed to using the conventional 1-MCP treatment(powder formulation type).We expect that this review will provide useful information for the future utilization of 1-MCP for the maintenance of cut flower longevity.

关键词： 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) Formulation types Cut flowers Ethylene perception Ethylene binding site Floral senescence Flower quality

International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 598-604页

作者： Kyaw Thu Soe Saw Saw Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le Win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah myo myo Mon Si Thu aung Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch)Ward 16Near Anisakhan AirportPyin Oo Lwin TownshipMandalay RegionMyanmar Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155Antwerp 2000Belgium National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research No-1Vinayagar kovil StreetKathirkamamPuducherry605009India Operational Research Unit Medecins Sans FrontieresOperational Research Unit68rue de GasperichLuxembourg City L-1617Luxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme Disease Control UnitNay Pyi Taw Bed 1000 HospitalZabu Kyatthayay roadZabu Thiri TownshipNay Pyi TawMyanmar

Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be *** Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they *** this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case ***:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in *** each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment *** contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same ***:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable *** recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected *** INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind *** relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully *** four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care suppor

关键词： Operational research Community Tuberculosis Volunteers Contribution International nongovernmental organizations Myanmar

Engagement of public and private medical facilities in tuberculosis care in Myanmar:contributions and trends over an eight-year period

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1083-1089页

作者： Thin Thin Nwe Saw Saw Le Le Win myo myo Mon Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Saw Thein Si Thu aung Procurement Unit Department of Public HealthNaypyitawMyanmar Department of Medical Research YangonMyanmar Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpBelgium Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER) PuducherryIndia Operational Research Unit(LuxOR) MEdecins Sans FrontiEres-Operational Centre BrusselsLuxembourgLuxembourg National TB Program Department of Public HealthNaypyitawMyanmar Procurement and Supply Division Department of Public HealthMinistry of HealthNaypyitawMyanmar

Background:As part of the WHO End TB strategy,national tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly aim to engage all private and public TB care *** of communities,civil society organizations and public and private care provider is the second pillar of the End TB *** Myanmar,this entails the public-public and public-private mix(PPM)*** public-public mix refers to public hospital TB services,with reporting to the national TB program(NTP).The public-private mix refers to private general practitioners providing TB services including TB diagnosis,treatment and reporting to *** aim of this study was to assess whether PPM activities can be scaled-up nationally and can be sustained over ***:Using 2007-2014 aggregated program data,we collected information from NTP and non-NTP actors on 1)the number of TB cases detected and their relative contribution to the national case load;2)the type of TB cases detected;3)their treatment ***:The total number of TB cases detected per year nationally increased from 133,547 in 2007 to 142,587 in *** contribution of private practitioners increased from 11%in 2007 to 18%in 2014,and from 1.8%to 4.6%for public *** NTP contribution decreased from 87%in 2007 to 77%in 2014.A similar pattern was seen in the number of new smear(+)TB cases(31%of all TB cases)and retreatment cases,which represented 7.8%of all TB *** new smear(+)TB cases,adverse outcomes were more common in public hospitals,with more patients dying,lost to follow up or not having their treatment outcome *** treated by private practitioners were more frequently lost to follow up(8%).Adverse treatment outcomes in retreatment cases were particularly common(59%)in public hospitals for various reasons,predominantly due to patients dying(26%)or not being evaluated(10%).In private clinics,treatment failure tended to be more common(8%).Conclusions:The contribution of non-NTP actors to TB detection at the

关键词： Public and private Tuberculosis Myanmar Operational research

The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar:trend over time

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 449-454页

作者： htet Myet Win Maung Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid Nguyen Binh Hoa Ko Ko Zaw Saw Thein Si Thu aung National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsZabuthiri townshipPostcode 15011 Nay Pyi TawMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitMSF-LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance

Background:It is estimated that the standard,passive case finding(PCF)strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis(TB)in Myanmar has not been successful:26%of cases are ***,alternative strategies,such as active case finding(ACF)by community volunteers,have been initiated since *** study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme(CBTC)by local non-government organizations(NGOs)to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 ***:This was a descriptive study using routine,monitoring *** data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that *** from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were *** project was launched in ***:Over time,the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased,except in the Yangon Region,although in some areas,the numbers *** the same time,there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated,compared to those referred,that decreased over time(P=0.051).Overall,among 84 townships,the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6%to 4%over time(P<0.001).Conclusions:Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries,a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 *** suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are *** may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel,incentives for the volunteers,closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

关键词： Operational research Community based tuberculosis care Contribution SORT IT

控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

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控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

作者： htet aung PHYO 中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所)

学位级别：硕士

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率... 详细信息

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率低,浸出周期长,酸耗成本高等问题。破碎粒径是重要的工艺参数之一,破碎粒径过粗影响铜回收率,破碎粒径过细则影响成本和渗滤性。尽管有许多研究报道了辉铜矿在酸性Fe2（SO4）3介质中的浸出动力学,但是缺乏控电位条件下,粒度对辉铜矿柱浸动力学影响的研究。本论文针对辉铜矿生物堆浸过程中破碎粒径对浸出速率及生产成本影响较大的问题,开展了不同粒级的辉铜矿“第一阶段”和“第二阶段”的浸出动力学研究,对优化辉铜矿生物堆浸工程实践具有借鉴意义。本论文在恒电位（Eh）,恒温和恒pH的条件下,研究了粒度对辉铜矿纯矿物柱浸动力学的影响。此外,为了模拟堆浸,采用萃余液喷淋研究了粗粒级的低品位铜矿的柱浸动力学。本论文旨在探究不同粒级（0.054-200 mm）对辉铜矿柱浸动力学的影响,并利用未反应收缩核模型研究速率控制步骤。实验结果表明,粒度对辉铜矿第一阶段浸出动力学影响显著,由于硫层阻碍作用,粒度对第二阶段浸出速率影响较小。CT和SEM-EDS结果表明辉铜矿浸出后孔隙和裂缝明显增加。“第二阶段”动力学分析表明细粒级（0.054-31 mm）浸出同时受化学反应和扩散控制,而粗粒级（31-200 mm）浸出主要受扩散过程控制。通过粒度对辉铜矿浸出动力学的影响,进一步明确了微生物强化辉铜矿浸出的作用:嗜酸铁氧化菌除了维持溶液电位平衡,更重要体现在提高Fe3+和Fe2+的扩散推动力;嗜酸硫氧化菌主要作用体现在氧化S0层,减少扩散阻碍。本论文为生物堆浸应用中选择合理的破碎粒径提供了基础数据支持,为优化生物堆浸实践提供参考。

关键词：粒径柱浸收缩核模型 CT

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时期:来自缅甸中央盆地沉积学证据

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地球科学 2022年第7期47卷 2573-2585页

作者：鲁毅崔宇驰 Si Si Thu Kyaw Kyaw Khing myo Min aung 朱伟林邵磊同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室上海200092

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时间以及雅鲁藏布江和伊洛瓦底江是否曾经相连已经争论了超过半个世纪.采用锆石U-Pb年代学等方法,对缅甸中央盆地新生代地层的“源-汇”路径开展研究.缅甸中央盆地始新统发育大量铬尖晶石、各坳陷的锆石年龄谱... 详细信息

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时间以及雅鲁藏布江和伊洛瓦底江是否曾经相连已经争论了超过半个世纪.采用锆石U-Pb年代学等方法,对缅甸中央盆地新生代地层的“源-汇”路径开展研究.缅甸中央盆地始新统发育大量铬尖晶石、各坳陷的锆石年龄谱各不相同,表明该时期沉积物以盆地周边隆起为主要物源,不存在统一的源区;渐新世之后,源自区域变质岩的重矿物组合比例逐渐增加,盆地各坳陷碎屑锆石年龄谱特征趋于一致,均以40~70 Ma的主峰以及80~110 Ma次峰为特征,表明沉积物源区进入抹谷变质带,伊洛瓦底江雏形已经形成;由于缅甸中央盆地渐新统至下中新统完全没有喜马拉雅造山带信息,认为该时期雅鲁藏布江-伊洛瓦底江并未相连.晚中新世-更新世,喜马拉雅造山带特征组合十字石和蓝晶石以及110~130 Ma年龄峰的出现,表明伊洛瓦底江已经侵蚀到东喜马拉雅构造结,达到现今流域规模.因此,东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升的时间大约在晚中新世.

关键词：青藏东南缘缅甸中央盆地河流演化锆石U-Pb定年重矿物物源分析地质年代学

Knockdown of <i>GmSOG1</i>Compromises Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Soybean Lines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第1期12卷 18-36页

作者： Samuel Aduse Poku Peter Nkachukwu Chukwurah Htut htet aung Ikuo Nakamura Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology Chiba University Chiba Japan

Plants are regularly exposed to myriads of stress factors that cause tremendous damage to their genetic make-up. To ensure genome stability and survival over several generations under harsher environmental conditions, plants have evolved a unique mechanism for dealing with DNA damage known as the DNA damage response pathway (DDR). It has been proposed that there may exist a relationship between the DNA damage response pathway and abiotic stress response in plants. To further investigate this relationship, we knocked down the soybean suppressor of gamma response 1 gene (GmSOG1), a master regulatory gene of the DDR, in soybean plants and subjected the generated transgenic plants to drought stress analysis. Gene expression analysis of the GmSOG1 gene in drought stressed soybean tissues revealed high levels of expression in buds and young leaves. The root lengths and root fresh weights of transgenic soybean plants grown on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with Gamborg B5 vitamins (MSB5 media) containing 200 mM mannitol for 10 days were significantly lesser than those of drought stressed wild-type plants. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress assay in vivo resulted in significant damage in transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants. Also, the relative expressions of known drought responsive transcription factors such as GmDREB1 and GmLEA as well as antioxidation related genes like