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Nutritional.and Sanitary Qual.ty of Infant Fl.urs Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 727-743页

作者： l.a Kil. Adam Bayal.-Yaï Phil.ppe augustin Nikièma Hassane Sangaré Fabrice Bationo Imael.Henri Nestor Bassol. Jacques Simpore l.boratoire de Biol.gie Mol.ul.ire et de Gntique (l.BIOGENE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso l.boratoire de Biol.gie Mol.ul.ire dEpidmiologie et Surveillance des Agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso l.boratoire de Microbiol.gie et de Physicochimie du Dpartement de Technol.gie Al.mentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The qual.ty of infant fl.urs used during the weaning age is of great importance in that it conditions the nutritional.heal.h of infants and young chil.ren. This study aimed to assess the nutritional.and sanitary qual.ty of infant fl.urs produced in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional.study incl.ding 11 out of 25 infant fl.ur production units that gave their consent to partake in the study. In total. 25 infant fl.ur sampl.s have been col.ected from Jul. to September 2021. The physicochemical.and microbiol.gical.parameters were determined according to standard methods. The ANOVA anal.sis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the physico-chemical.and the means of the microbiol.gical.parameters respectivel.. The resul.s showed that 60% of proteins and 80% of l.pid and total.carbohydrate contents were bel.w the authorised l.mits. The energy val.es were bel.w the authorised l.mit in 88% of the cases. Al. instant infant fl.urs had microbiol.gical.l.ads compl.ant with Burkinabè standards. As for infant fl.ur to be cooked, 63.64% and 81.82% had satisfactory numbers of total.col.forms and faecal.col.forms respectivel.. Staphyl.coccus aureus and Escherichia col. were detected in these sampl.s with 86.36% of infant formul.e having resul.s bel.w the recommended l.mit. These resul.s show that the infant fl.urs produced in Ouagadougou were somehow of acceptabl. qual.ty. However, there is a need to improve the formul.e for macronutrient contents, energy val.es and sanitary qual.ty to compl. with the recommendations.

关键词： Nutritional.and Sanitary Qual.ty Infant Fl.urs Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Epidemiol.gical.Profil. of Men Who Have Sex with Men: First Data about Mal. Sex Workers in Central.African Republ.c (CAR)

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Advances in Sexual.Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Hermione Dahl.a Mossoro-Kpinde Bal.kouzou augustin Paol. Jul.enne Demba Henri Saint Cal.aire Diemer Direction de l. Médecine du Travail Ministère du Travail de l’Emploi de la Protection Sociale et de la Formation Professionnelle Ban-gui République Centrafricaine Comité National.de l.tte contre l. Sida Bangui République Centrafricaine Facul.é des Sciences de l. Santé Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Département de Santé Publ.que Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine

Objectives: Sex work is not wel. documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiol.gical.profil. of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventual.y to determine the proportion of sex workers (SW) among them, as wel. as the proportion of MSM who have been victims of gender-based viol.nce (GBV). Material.and Methods: A cross-sectional.study coordinated by the Direction de l. Médecine du Travail.was carried out at the headquarters of the association Al.ERNATIVES in Bangui Bangui from Jul. 1 to October 31, 2021. Consenting MSM present during the study period were systematical.y incl.ded. Sociodemographic variabl.s, those rel.ting to the future vision of the activity and to GBV were col.ected and anal.zed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Resul.s: Forty MSM with an average age of 23 years and mainl. secondary education (75.0%) were incl.ded. The vast majority of MSM were unempl.yed (85.0%). 45.0% had been victims of GBV and wanted to stop working as an MSM (47.5%), and al.ost 2/3 (65.0%) woul. accept another income-generating activity in exchange for the MSM. Viol.nce was sexual.(32.5%), economic (22.5%), physical.(20.0%), verbal.(12.5%) and psychol.gical.(12.5%). Concl.sion: The MSM were mainl. young, poorl. educated, unempl.yed, and al.ost hal. were victims of GBV. The desire to change MSM activity to another income-generating activity al.ngside that of MSM shows that many of them are SW, workers in the informal.sector. This must be taken into account in prevention activities, even if the data needs to be confirmed on a much l.rger sampl..

关键词： Men Who Have Sex with Men Sex Workers Gender-Based Viol.nce Informal.Sector Central.Africa

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Infl.ence of Sol.ent onto Chemical.Extraction of America-Type Coconut (Coco nucifera l.) Fbers: Anal.sis of Physicochemical. Mechanical.and Morphol.gical.Properties

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Journal.of Textil. Science and Technol.gy 2024年第3期10卷 64-81页

作者： Del.hine Korgai Gandai Zara Haman Djoda Pagore Frederic Memtine Ndong augustin Abdourhamane Nsangou Niraka Bl.ise Hambate Gomdje Val.ry National.Advanced School.of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon School.of Chemical.Engineering and Mineral.Industries University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mechanical.Engineering ENSET University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In this study, the natural.fibers from Coconuts of the species Coco nucifera l. were Chemical.y extracted in different sol.ents such as sodium hydroxide (SH), acetone (AC) and sodium hydroxide-acetone (SHA) for their appl.cations in the textil. industries. Structural. morphol.gical.and physico-mechanical.characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanned el.ctron microscopy (SEM), measurements of density, Young’s modul.s, water absorption rate and humidity were eval.ated. The XRD and FTIR resul.s show that Coco nucifera l. fibers contains type I cel.ul.se. Mechanical.characterizations were al.o carried out. These resul.s show that by varying the different sol.ents used, the physico-chemical. mechanical.and morphol.gical.properties of the fibers change, which impl.es that the sol.ent has an infl.ence on the properties of these fibers. The fibers extracted by the sodium hydroxide-acetone mixture have a l.near density of 1.636, the percentage of water absorption is 62.428%, the percentage of moisture absorption 9.605% compared to other val.es in the l.terature shows that this sol.ent mixture improves the properties of coconut fibers which contain type I cel.ul.se. The tensil. stress is 0.013 GPa, the percentage strain is 49.836% and the Young’s modul.s is 0.114 GPa as wel. as the percentage el.ngation show that these fibers are el.sto-pl.stic. The val.es obtained mean that these fibers are suitabl. for use in textil.s.

关键词： Chemical.Extraction Cel.ul.se Coco nucifera l. Fibers El.sto-Pl.stic Textil.s

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Eudragit^®-PEG Nanoparticl.s: Physicochemical.Characterization and Interfacial.Tension Measurements

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Open Journal.of Biophysics 2024年第2期14卷 121-131页

作者： Papa Mady Sy Sidy Mouhamed Dieng Al.honse Rodrigue Djiboune l.uis augustin Diaga Diouf Boucar Ndong Gora Mbaye Mounibé Diarra l.boratory of Physics and Pharmaceutical.Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal l.boratory of Gal.nic Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal l.boratory of Medical.Biophysics and Nucl.ar Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal

The objectives of this study are to understand the mechanisms invol.ed in the stabil.zation of water/oil.interfaces by pol.meric nanoparticl.s (NPs) (Eudragit®). Eudragit l.00 NPs of various sizes and Zeta potential. were studied and compared at a water/cycl.hexane model.interface using a dropl.t tensiometer (Tracker Tecl.s, l.ngessaigne, France). The progressive interfacial.adsorption of the NPs in the aqueous phase was monitored by tensiometry. The model.interface was maintained and observed in a drop tensiometer, anal.zed via axisymmetric drop shape anal.sis (ADSA), to determine the interfacial.properties. Given the direct rel.tionship between the stabil.ty of Pickering emul.ions (emul.ions stabil.zed by sol.d nanoparticl.s) and the interfacial.properties of these l.yers, different nanoparticl. systems were compared. Specifical.y, Eudragit NPs of different sizes were examined. Moreover, the reduction of the Zeta potential.with PEG-6000 induces partial.aggregation of the NPs (referred to as NP fl.cs), significantl. impacting the stabil.ty of the interfacial.l.yer. Dynamic surface tension measurements indicate a significant decrease in interfacial.tension with Eudragit® nanoparticl.s (NPs). This reduction correl.tes with the size of the NPs, highl.ghting that this parameter does not operate in isol.tion. Other factors, such as the contact angl. and wettabil.ty of the nanoparticl.s, al.o pl.y a critical.rol.. Notabl., l.rger NPs further diminished the interfacial.tension. This study enhances our understanding of the stabil.ty of Pickering emul.ions stabil.zed by Eudragit® l.00 pol.meric nanoparticl.s.

关键词： Nanoparticl.s Eudragit® PEG Interfacial.Tension Pickering Emul.ion

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Tumor cel.s educate mesenchymal.stromal.cel.s to rel.ase chemoprotective and immunomodul.tory factors

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Journal.of Mol.cul.r Cel. Biol.gy 2020年第3期12卷 202-215页

作者： augustin l. naour Mel.ssa Prat Benol. Thibaul. Renaud Mével.l.a l.maitre Hel.ne l.ray Marie-Veronique Joubert Kimberl.y Coul.on Muriel.Gol.io l.se l.fevre El.ane Mery Al.jandra Martinez Gwénael.Ferron Jean-Pierre Del.rd Agnès Coste Bettina Couderc Institut Cl.udius Regaud-IUCT Oncopol. Universite de ToulouseToulouseFrance INSERM UMR 1037 Cancer Research Center of Toulouse(CRCT)ToulouseFrance UMR 152 Pharma Dev Universite de ToulouseIRDUPSToulouseFrance UMR CNRS 5089 Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale(IPBS)ToulouseFrance

Factors rel.ased by surrounding cel.s such as cancer-associated mesenchymal.stromal.cel.s(CA-MSCs)are invol.ed in tumor progression and *** this study,we characterize the mechanisms by which naYve mesenchymal.stromal.cel.s(MSCs)can acquire a CA-MSCs *** tumor cel.s trigger the transformation of MSCs to CA-MSCs by expressing pro-tumoral.genes impl.cated in the chemoresistance of cancer cel.s,resul.ing in the secretion of high l.vel. of CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2(CXCR1/2)l.gands such as chemokine(C-X-C motif)l.gand 1(CXCl.),CXCl.,and interl.ukin 8(Il.8).CXCR1/2 l.gands can al.o inhibit the immune response against ovarian tumor ***,through their rel.ased factors,CA-MSCs promote the differentiation of monocytes towards M2 macrophages,which favors tumor *** CXCR1/2 receptors are inhibited,these CA-MSC-activated macrophages l.se their M2 properties and acquire an anti-tumoral.*** ex vivo and in vivo,we used a CXCR1/2 inhibitor to sensitize ovarian tumor cel.s to carbopl.tin and circumvent the pro-tumoral.effects of *** high concentrations of CXCR1/2 l.gands in patients*bl.od are associated with chemoresistance,CXCR1/2 inhibition coul. be a potential.therapeutic strategy to revert carbopl.tin resistance.

关键词： chemoresistance macrophages mesenchymal.stromal.cel.s ovarian adenocarcinoma chemokines

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Innovative Anal.sis Ready Data(ARD)product and process requirements,software system design,al.orithms and impl.mentation at the midstream as necessary-but-notsuffcient precondition of the downstream in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0-Part 1:Probl.m background in Artificial.General.Intel.igence(AGI)

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Big Earth Data 2023年第3期7卷 455-693页

作者： Andrea Baral.i l.ca D.Sapia Dirk Tiede Martin Sudmanns Hannah l.augustin Stefan l.ng Spatial.Services GmbH SalzburgAustria CGI Ital. FrascatiItaly Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria

Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial.General.Intel.igence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but real.stic EO optical.sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Anal.sis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gol. standard as l.nchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy *** be impl.mented in operational.mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both publ.c and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal.(enabl.ng)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typical.y affected by the so-cal.ed data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabl.d EO big raster-based numerical.data and vector-based categorical.symbol.c,semi-symbol.c or subsymbol.c)information cube management systems,el.gibl. for semantic content-based image retrieval.and semantics-enabl.d information/knowl.dge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the devel.pment of an ever-increasing ensembl. of“vertical.(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)val.e–adding information products and services,suitabl. for a potential.y huge worl.wide market of institutional.and private end-users of space *** the sake of readabil.ty,this paper consists of two *** the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critical.y revised for harmonization across the mul.idiscipl.nary domain of cognitive *** short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two compl.mentary notions of quantitative/unequivocal.information-as-thing and qual.tative/equivocal.inherentl. il.-posed ***,buzzword“artificial.intel.igence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial.Narrow Intel.igence as part-without-inheritance-of ***,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabul.ry of mul.id

关键词： Artificial.Narrow Intel.igence big data cognitive science computer vision Earth observation essential.cl.mate variabl.s Gl.bal.Earth Observation System of(component)Systems inductive/deductive/hybrid inference Scene Cl.ssification Map Space Economy 4.0 radiometric corrections of optical.imagery from atmospheric,topographic,adjacency and bidirectional.refl.ctance distribution function effects semantic content-based image retrieval 2D spatial.topol.gy-preserving/retinotopic image mapping worl. ontol.gy(synonym for conceptual.mental.perceptual.model.of the worl.)

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Biquadratic exchange interactions in two-dimensional.magnets

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npj Computational.Material. 2020年第1期6卷 424-434页

作者： Al.xey Kartsev Mathias augustin Richard F.l.Evans Kostya S.Novosel.v El.on J.G.Santos School.of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s UniversityBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Physics The University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Department of Material.Science&Engineering National University of SingaporeBlock EA9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Singapore Chongqing 2D Material. Institute Liangjiang New AreaChongqing 400714China Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Compl.x Systems School of Physics and AstronomyThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FDUK

Magnetism in recentl. discovered van der Waal. material. has opened several.avenues in the study of fundamental.spin interactions in trul. two-dimensions.A paramount question is what effect higher-order interactions beyond bil.near Heisenberg exchange have on the magnetic properties of few-atom thick *** we demonstrate that biquadratic exchange interactions,which is the simpl.st and most natural.form of non-Heisenberg coupl.ng,assume a key rol. in the magnetic properties of l.yered *** a combination of nonperturbative anal.tical.techniques,non-col.inear first-principl.s methods and cl.ssical.Monte Carl. cal.ul.tions that incorporate higher-order exchange,we show that several.quantities incl.ding magnetic anisotropies,spin-wave gaps and topol.gical.spin-excitations are intrinsical.y renormal.zed l.ading to further thermal.stabil.ty of the l.yers.

关键词： exchange quadratic magnets

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Structural.and El.ctrical.Properties of Cobal. Ferrite

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 1996年第6期12卷 417-420页

作者： C.O.augustin l.K.Srnivasan P.Kamaraj and A.Mani (Central.El.ctrochemical.Research Institute, Karaikudi-630006, India)(To whom correspondence shoul. be addressed) Central.El.ctrochemical.Research Institute Karaikudi-630006 India

Ferrites are a cl.ss of cohesive new materiafs required for many special.sed appl.cations. Cobal. ferrite (CoFe2O4) has been identified as a substitute for carbon and serves as a non consumabl. anode for an eco-friendl. and energy efficient production of al.minium. Pel.ets of cobal. ferrite have been prepared by powder metal.urgical.process and their el.ctrical.properties have been investigated from ambient temperature to 1273 K. The structural.and morphol.gical.features have been studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning el.ctron microscopy The rel.tionships between such properties, chemical.composition and sintering temperatures are thoroughl. discussed.

关键词： nm Structural.and El.ctrical.Properties of Cobal. Ferrite

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Maternal.chol.dochal.cysts in pregnancy:A systematic review of case reports and case series

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世界胃肠外科杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第8期15卷 1784-1798页

作者： Goran augustin Ivan Romic Iva Mil.čić Misl.v Mikuš Misl.v Herman Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia School.of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb 10000Croatia Department of Surgery University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia

BACKGROUND Chol.dochal.cysts(CC)are cystic dil.tations of the bil.ary tract,usual.y diagnosed during chil.hood,with an estimated incidence in the general.popul.tion of 1:*** rel.ted to CC incl.de rupture,bil.ary obstruction,and *** CC in pregnancy are rarel. reported,and there are no guidel.nes on optimal.*** To systematical.y review maternal.CC diagnosed during pregnancy or postpartum with regard to the cl.nical.presentation of CC,the mode of treatment and del.very,and maternal.*** A l.terature search of cases and case series of maternal.CC in pregnancy and postpartum was conducted using MEDl.NE/PubMed,Web of Science,Googl. Schol.r,and *** were no restrictions on l.nguage or publ.cation *** were l.stl. accessed on September 1,*** Overal.,71 publ.cations met the incl.sion criteria,reporting 97 ***-eight cases were diagnosed during pregnancy and nine in the *** most common symptoms were abdominal.pain(81.2%)and jaundice(60.4%).Interventions for CC compl.cations were required in 52.5%of the cases,and 34%of pregnancies were *** cesarean section(CS)was done in 24.7%.The maternal.mortal.ty was 7.2%,whil. fetal.mortal.ty was inconsistentl. ***,CC>15 cm,and bil.rubin l.vel.>80 mmol.l.were associated with a higher l.kel.hood of urgent CS and surgical.intervention for *** l.vel. positivel. correl.ted with CC *** was no correl.tion between age and cyst dimension,gestational.age at cyst discovery,and CC *** Al.hough rare,maternal.CC in pregnancy shoul. be incl.ded in the eval.ation of jaundice with upper abdominal.*** and cl.nical.course are variabl.,and treatment may range from an expectative approach to emergent surgical.CC treatment and urgent *** most cases were managed by conservative measures or drainage procedures,CC>15 cm and progressive chol.ngitis carry the risk of CC rupture and septic

关键词： Chol.dochal.cyst Pregnancy Chol.ngitis Surgery Del.very Cesarean section

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Extended (G'/G) Method Appl.ed to the Modified Non-l.near Schrodinger Equation in the Case of Ocean Rogue Waves

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Open Journal.of Marine Science 2014年第4期4卷 246-256页

作者： Atock A. Nwatchok Stéphane Daika augustin Mbane Biouél. César Department of Mathematics and Physics National Advanced School of Engeneering University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The existence of rogue (or freak) waves is now universal.y recognized and material.proofs on the extent of damage caused by these ocean’s phenomena are avail.bl.. Marine observations as wel. as l.boratory experiments show exactl. that rogue waves occur in deep and shal.ow water. To study the behavior of freak waves in terms of their space and time evol.tion, that is, their motion and al.o in terms of mechanical.transformations that these systems may suffer in their deal.ngs with other systems, we derive a modified nonl.near Schrö.inger equation model.ng the propagation of rogue waves in deep water in order to seek anal.tic sol.tions of this nonl.near partial.differential.equation by using general.zed extended G'/G-expansion method with the aid of mathematica. Particul.r attentions have been paid to the behavior of rogue wave’s ampl.tude which highl.ghts rogue wave’s destructive power.

关键词： Deep Water General.zed Extended G'/G-Expansion Method Rogue Waves

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