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Do astrocytes respond to light,sound,or electrical stimulation?

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2343-2347页

作者： audrey Le Naour Emilien Beziat Jaimie Hoh Kam Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid John Mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Fonds de dotationClinatecGrenobleFrance King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Astrocytes are not only the most populous cell type in the human brain,but they also have the most extensive and dive rse sets of connections,across synapses,axons,blood vessels,as well as having their own internal ***,they are associated with many brain functions;from the synaptic transmission to energy metabolism and fluid homeostasis,and from cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier maintenance to neuroprotection,memory,immune defenses and detoxification,slee p,and early *** yet,notwithstanding these key roles,so many current therapeutic approaches to a range of brain disorders have largely neglected their potential *** this review,we consider the role of astrocytes in three brain therapies;two are emerging treatments(photobiomodulation and ultrasound),while the other is well-established(deep brain stimulation).In essence,we explore the issue of whether external sources,such as light,sound,or electricity,can influence the function of astrocytes,as they do *** find that,when taken all together,each of these external sources can influence many,if not,all of the functions associated with *** include influencing neuronal activity,prompting neuroprotection,reducing inflammation(astrogliosis) and potentially increasing cerebral blood flow and stimulating the glymphatic *** suggest that astrocytes,just like neurons,can respond positively to each of these external applications and that their activation co uld each impart many beneficial outcomes on brain function;they are likely to be key playe rs underpinning the mechanisms behind many therapeutic strategies.

关键词： deep brain stimulation high frequency infrared mitochondria red ultrasound

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Identification of stable normalization genes for quantitative real-time PCR in porcine articular cartilage

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 181-187页

作者： Ryan S McCulloch Melissa S Ashwell audrey T O'Nan Peter L Mente Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University University of North Carolina Animal Science Department North Carolina State University

Background： Expression levels for genes of interest must be normalized with an appropriate reference, or housekeeping gene, to make accurate comparisons of quantitative real-time PCR results. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable housekeeping genes in porcine articular cartilage subjected to a mechanical injury from a panel of 10 candidate genes. Results： Ten candidate housekeeping genes were evaluated in three different treatment groups of mechanically impacted porcine articular cartilage. The genes evaluated were： beta actin, beta-2-microglobulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A （cyclophilin A）, ribosomal protein L4, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A, TATA box binding protein, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein--zeta polypeptide The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder software. The four most stable genes measured via geNorm were （most to least stable） succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin; the four most stable genes measured via BestKeeper were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, beta actin, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A; and the four most stable genes measured via NormFinder were peptidylprolyl isomerase A, sucdnate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin. Conclusions： BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder all generated similar results for the most stable genes in porcine articular cartilage. The use of these appropriate reference genes will facilitate accurate gene expression studies of porcine articular cartilage and suggest appropriate housekeeping genes for articular cartilage studies in other species.

关键词： Cartilage Housekeeping Normalization Porcine Reference Stability

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Glycine-extended gastrin activates two independent tyrosine-kinases in upstream of p85/p110 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human colonic tumour cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第12期12卷 1859-1864页

作者： audrey Ferrand Aline Kowalski-Chauvel Claudine Bertrand Daniel Fourmy Marlene Dufresne Catherine Seva Julie Pannequin INSERM U.531 Groupe de Recherche de Biologie et Pathologie DigestivesIFR31Institut Louis BugnardBP 8422531432 toulouse Cedex 4France University of Melbourne Department of Surgery Austin CampusARMCHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia

AIM： To investigate whether Src, JAK2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） pathways are involved in the proliferation of human colonic tumour cells induced by glycine-extended gastrin （G-gly）, the precursor of the mature amidated gastrin and to elucidate the molecular interaction between these three kinases in response to this peptide. METHODS： Using the human colonic tumour cell line HCT116 as a model, we first measured the activation of PI3K, p60-Src and JAK2 in response to G-gly by in vitro kinase assays. Then we investigated the involvement of these kinases in G-gly-induced cell proliferation by MTT test. RESULTS： G-gly stimulation induced p60-Src, JAK2 and PI3K activation in HCT116. The different pathways were involved in proliferation of human colon cancer cells induced by G-gly. Furthermore, we found that both Src and JAK2 were necessary to PI3K regulation by this peptide. However, we did not find any cross-talk between the two tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that the p60-Src/ PI3K and JAK2/PI3K pathways act independently to mediate G-gly proliferative effect on human colonic tumour cells.

关键词： Colon cancer Src JAK2 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Glycine-extended gastrin

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Long-range surface plasmon polaritons at THz frequencies in thin semiconductor layers

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第11期 66-68页

作者： audrey Berrier Jaime Gómez Rivas FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics c/o Philips ResearchHigh-Tech Campus 45656 AE EindhovenThe Netherlands COBRA Research Institute Eindhoven University of TechnologyP.O.Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

We present a theoretical investigation of THz long-range surface plasmon polaritons propagating on thin layers of *** metallic behavior of doped semiconductors at THz frequencies allows the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons with propagation and confinement lengths that can be actively *** control is achieved by acting on the free carrier density,which can be realized by changing the temperature of InSb.

关键词： InSb THz Long-range surface plasmon polaritons at THz frequencies in thin semiconductor layers

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Ancient and Modern Architecture Emanate——The Vigor of New Beijing

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China's Foreign Trade 2008年第15期000卷 15-16页

作者： audrey

Beijing,with a 3,000-year history,is the combination of Chinese traditional Culture and the modern fashion. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games undertakes mil- lions of people's passion and *** the start of the preparing the grand pageant,three concepts were put forward, in which,culture-highlighted Olympics embodies the culture of great splendor of Beijing.

关键词：中国传统文化北京古代建筑现代建筑建筑风格

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HAVE A COOL SUMMER IN THE “COOL CITY”

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China's Foreign Trade 2019年第4期 61-63页

作者： audrey 不详

Every summer,we receive heat alerts from various weather stations from time to *** year at this time,it is these summer resorts that have the greatest appeal to us *** the top ten summer resorts selected by the China Summer Tourism Summit 2019,there are 4 in Guizhou Province,and Liupanshui,which is known as the“Cool City”in China,has been listed again.

关键词： resort COOL listed

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The Art of Faking It

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China's Foreign Trade 2011年第1期000卷 76-77页

作者： audrey

A few days ago,the Chinese version of The Art of Faking It,a best selling book in the United States,went public with great expectation.

关键词：《假装的艺术》书刊内容介绍发行工作

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World Focus on the Moment

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China's Foreign Trade 2008年第11期000卷 22-23页

作者： audrey

Chinese people would never for- get the moment-14:28,on May 12,2008,as the 8.0-magnitude earthquake shook the whole of Sichuan;at that moment the world's at- tention was focused on the southwest of China-the homeland ... 详细信息

关键词：地震灾害救灾工作慈善事业国际援助

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Focus on Automechanika Frankfurt 2008

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China's Foreign Trade 2008年第12期000卷 61-62页

作者： audrey

As an important part of Auto- mechanika,one of the world's largest series of auto parts & ac- cessories exhibitions,Automechanika Frankfurt is the leading International Trade Fair for aftermarket auto parts and the Original Equipment *** is held every two *** was first established in 1971 based on the idea'of necessity'by Messe Frankfurt GmbH,one of

关键词：德国汽车工业经济发展 2008年

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Hu Sheguang:To Bring Chinese Traditions into Fashion rather than Worshiping Everything Foreign

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China's Foreign Trade 2015年第3期 58-59页

作者： audrey Guo

The 68thCannes Film Festival was opened on May 14,Beijing local *** the Chinese stars for this year’s red carpet show,Zhang Xinyu has attracted the public’s attention from the very beginning and hit the headline of ... 详细信息

关键词： cotton dress beginning opened northeast designer stars fashion everything exhibition

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